Hello. The motor is based on the electromagnetic induction principle that the wire cuts the magnetic field lines to induce the potential, and converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover into electric energy output. Synchronous generator consists of stator and rotor. Stator is the armature of power generation, and rotor is the magnetic pole. Stator consists of armature core, three-phase windings evenly distributed, frame and end cover. The rotor is usually a hidden pole type, which consists of excitation winding, iron core and shaft, retaining ring and center ring. The number of poles of turbo-generators is mostly two poles, and there are also four poles.

Direct current is applied to the excitation winding of the rotor, which produces a magnetic field with nearly sinusoidal distribution (called rotor magnetic field), and its effective excitation flux intersects with the static armature winding. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic field of the rotor rotates with it, and the magnetic field lines cut each phase winding of the stator in turn, and three-phase AC potential is induced in the three-phase stator winding. When the generator is running with symmetrical load, the three-phase armature current is synthesized to produce a rotating magnetic field with synchronous speed. The interaction between stator magnetic field and rotor magnetic field will produce braking torque. The mechanical torque input from the steam turbine overcomes the braking torque and does work. The generator can generate active power and reactive power. Therefore, in order to adjust the active power, it is necessary to adjust the steam intake of the turbine. The strength of the rotor magnetic field directly affects the voltage of the stator winding, so the rotor current must be adjusted to adjust the terminal voltage of the generator or the reactive power of the generator.

The geometric sum of generator active power and reactive power is called apparent power. The ratio of active power to apparent power is called the power factor (power rate) of the generator, and the rated power factor of the generator is generally 0.85.

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The system that provides DC to the generator rotor to establish rotor excitation is called generator excitation system. The excitation modes of large generators are divided into: ① separately excited excitation system; ② Self-shunt excitation magnetic system. Another kind of excitation is that the alternator coaxial with the generator generates alternating current, which is rectified into direct current to excite the generator rotor. Self-shunt excitation is to reduce the voltage of alternating current from generator end through transformer, and then rectify it into direct current as the excitation of generator rotor.