Based on the theory of social psychology, this paper discusses the causes of juvenile delinquency from the perspectives of "frustration-attack" and "learning-imitation", and puts forward targeted preventive measures according to the characteristics of juvenile delinquency under the market economy.

Social psychology, preventive measures for juvenile delinquency

The study of juvenile delinquency can be said to be an ancient topic. Since mankind entered the class society, there has been a crime phenomenon. Because crime is a violation of society, people have to explore the causes of crime and the countermeasures to prevent it. From the perspective of social psychology, combined with the characteristics of today's market economy transition and transition period, this paper discusses the causes and countermeasures of juvenile delinquency.

First, the theory about the causes of juvenile delinquency

There are various hypotheses about the exploration of the causes of crime. For example, the theory of criminal anthropology, represented by C. Rosso, holds that crime is an innate feature of body structure (such as abnormal skull, flat forehead and prominent cheekbones). ), and will inevitably embark on the road of crime. (There is no actual scientific value, but the direction of studying criminals has been inherited, forming a crime represented by Lenz Creitz Schmo since the 20th century. ) This theory also holds that crime is an act. The third theory of criminology research is criminal psychology theory, represented by Austrian psychologist Freud. He believes that a person's personality or personality consists of three parts: ID, ego and superego. The "ID" comes from birth, is a structural part of the subconscious mind, consists of innate instinct and basic desire, and is closely related to the body. Ego is between id and superego, different from id, and acts according to the needs of the outside world. The superego is a moralized self, inclined to restrain instinctive activities, with strong impulses of instinct and desire, hoping to be satisfied quickly and eagerly seeking a way out. The only way out is through self. It can be considered that when the self-demand instinct is satisfied, it is inferred from this theory that in order to eliminate crime, a society with equality for all must be established. Self-development and the establishment of punishment can only encourage crime, and its limitations are obvious.

The above are different theories formed in the process of criminology research. These theories have made great progress after their founders. It is a good phenomenon that many disciplines study crime from different angles and use different theories and methods, which will undoubtedly promote the in-depth development of crime research. However, because crime is a rather complicated social phenomenon and psychological effect, and it is a "symptom" involving life, economy or management, it is a very complicated task and a complicated course to explore the causes of crime.

On the basis of the above theory, the theory of social psychology on the causes of crime refers to the following reasons:

Frustration-invasion theory. According to this theory, when an individual's motivation and behavior are frustrated, attack and aggression become a primitive and universal response. In Freud's early works, it is believed that the basic desire of human beings is to seek happiness and escape from pain. When this desire to pursue pleasure and avoid pain is hindered, psychological frustration will arise, resulting in an attack behavior, such as ridicule, irony, reprimand, and serious blow, mutilation or killing to the frustrated object; Sometimes the reaction to attack and being attacked is internal behavior-self-attack such as fantasy, projection or withdrawal is used instead. The core of this theory is that people's bad psychology is an important cause of crime.

The road to crime.

Third, at present, most families in our country are only children. When the child is born, it is naturally the little princess and the little emperor at home. Many families spoil their children until they are overindulged. In the process of children's growth from infants, children to teenagers, they live a life of barely living, and their elders try their best to meet their children's requirements. Therefore, in the process of gradually forming their world outlook, they have hardly experienced failures and setbacks, and they have rarely experienced tests and tempering. Parents divorced, academic performance declined, and classmates and colleagues could not live in harmony. They don't want to solve contradictions, but vent their grievances and indignation on society and others, and retaliate against society and others to satisfy their own desires and demands. For example, a little boy like Zhang (a middle school student in a certain place) is in danger. At that time, people were furious and demanded to solve the case as soon as possible and severely punish the murderer. Through the efforts of the public security organs, the case finally came to light, but the result was far beyond people's expectations. The mastermind of this case was actually Zhang's classmate Liu, who was only 13 years old. Liu couldn't bear such a "setback" because they had a conflict when talking about his girlfriend, so he decided to use criminal means to clear the obstacles on his way to talking about his girlfriend. After some planning, he and another classmate (male, 14 years old) hired an unemployed young man Zhou (male, 17 years old) at the employment price in 30 yuan and killed Zhang. From this case of young age and disability of criminal means, we can easily understand that the psychology of juvenile delinquency is alienated and distorted by external factors in different ways.

Second, the specific behavior of juvenile delinquency

From naive children to teenagers and young people who have just entered the society, their personalities, thoughts, world outlook and all aspects are highly plastic. The acquired education plays an extremely important role in shaping a person's life and choosing his ideals and beliefs. When a person's individual behavior is rewarded, he is likely to repeat it. When punished, he can't do it again. Imagine a father who is keen to encourage his son to do well in the game. Violent attack on the target and praise for the son's violent behavior have great influence on promoting the interaction between children and others. On the contrary, just as a child learns not to spit everywhere, he can also learn non-aggressive behavior. He learned not to do these things when he was punished for hitting his younger brother, throwing stones at the girl next door, or biting his mother. When he was frustrated, but he was rewarded for controlling himself and not committing aggression, he also learned. Walter, an American psychologist, has done a series of experiments to explore the influence of reward aggression on children's future aggression in injection situations. One of the relatively simple experiments is to let some children's boxing toys "baby" be rewarded only when they hit the baby hard. Other children will only be rewarded when they punch lightly, and then measure their aggressiveness in the game of mutual contact. It turns out that in this new mutual situation, those children who win prizes for hitting are more aggressive than those who win prizes for hitting.

We can't say that imitation learning is the only cause of juvenile delinquency, but the world outlook of teenagers has not yet formed and there is still an uncertain period. It is influenced by the outside world and imitates the practices of the outside world, which will play an important role in its attitude and principles.

At present, China is in line with the world and the door is open. Today, with the reform and opening up, this kind of atmosphere is increasingly strengthened, including the situation of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" led by culture. When we introduce western advanced technology, culture and advanced way of thinking, the dross comes with it. In the field of culture, it is not uncommon in movies, TV and cameras. Some teenagers are invisibly infected by these things and regard them as "fist" products to bully the weak, or imitate the characters in movies and TV shows to "practice" in reality. I know a person who works in a restaurant after school to meet the needs of life. This young man is very talented, and he is still the minister of culture and sports at school. But during his work, the hotel often plays videos with nature after 12 pm. Working in this hotel, he has the prerequisite to watch this kind of video. Over time, he was infected by the "feat" of the characters in the video, so he also said that he had the idea of imitation. He often hides in the school ladies' toilet in advance, and when the lesbians know that the toilet is convenient, he takes the opportunity to implement it. In a similar prank, he was bitten on the back of his hand when his female classmates resisted, and blood dripped on his clothes, but he took the opportunity to escape. After escaping, he was very proud of his wit. Soon after, he committed the same crime by the same means. After the female classmate shouted, many students caught the sound. The classmate didn't stay away from the scene, but changed clothes in the dormitory and went to the scene to watch. After on-site identification, it was found that the blood type was consistent with the blood type left on the clothes of the infringed female classmate when the crime was committed for the first time. When questioning this classmate, he confessed his criminal motive and said that he was looking for imitation.

For teenagers, the imitation of characters in film and television plays is one of the reasons for crime, and so is the imitation of real life. As we all know, as social people, adults need to socialize, and teenagers also need to socialize. Communication is the communication of all psychological activities realized by people through language or other means. Everyone who lives in society should communicate with others and society. People of different ages have different characteristics in the objects and ways of communication. Bad communication is one of the main factors leading to crime, especially juvenile delinquency. Communication is achieved through the imitation, suggestion and suggestive behavior of the public, which plays a subtle role in the formation of a person's social attitude and values. At present, our country is in the transition period of market economy, the economic development is extremely unbalanced, the economic gap between rural areas and cities is widening day by day, and teenagers in many places are pushed to society prematurely because of economic or other reasons. In order to pursue rich material enjoyment, they moved from the countryside to the city, but they couldn't find their place in the colorful temptation of the city, so some people with ulterior motives took advantage of their ignorance, naivety and temptation. Organizing them to commit crimes is a juvenile gang crime.

In addition, the lag of China's current education system, the low cultural quality of teenagers and the weak legal concept are also important factors leading to the increase of juvenile delinquency. At present, most schools in China focus on exam-oriented education. Measuring students' quality only depends on their academic performance and exam results, but ignores students' moral education, legal concept education and life education. Therefore, teenagers in the transitional period are not guided to be law-abiding citizens, but let themselves go. Once they are induced by unhealthy external factors, they are extremely easy to commit crimes.

Third, measures to prevent juvenile delinquency

Teenagers are the future of the motherland and the hope of national rejuvenation. How to reduce and prevent juvenile delinquency is not only the need to maintain social stability, but also the need for the Chinese nation to stand tall in the world. Therefore, preventing juvenile delinquency is a very important and urgent task. According to the above reasons for juvenile delinquency, it is to reduce and prevent crime. I think we should at least start from the following aspects: first, strengthen moral education, cultivate young people's correct values, outlook on life and morality, so that they can truly understand what beauty, ugliness, honor and shame are, so that they can treat society and life correctly, instead of taking money as treasure and pleasure as pursuit. Schools, families and society should join hands and actively guide young people to firmly establish the outlook on life of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", and cultivate the traditional virtues of being proud of dedication and ashamed of taking. Secondly, strengthen legal education so that young people can learn, understand and abide by the law. Form a multi-level and all-round legal publicity and education network in the whole society. Let teenagers really understand what is illegal, what is a crime and the serious consequences after committing a crime. To this end, the judicial, educational and propaganda departments at all levels should intensify their propaganda efforts to make the concept of the legal system deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Third, establish a trinity education network of family, school and society. Family is the first school for teenagers to receive education, and parents are the first teachers. In this sense, the family is the first dam to prevent juvenile delinquency. As mentioned above, the younger teenagers are, the worse their ability to distinguish right from wrong, and the easier it is to distinguish right from wrong. At this time, it is even more necessary for families to guide and cultivate their children correctly. Schools are places where teenagers are enlightened, and schools should teach students how to be human while teaching. Social prevention needs the participation of the whole society and the public. Family, school and society are organically combined to form a complete prevention and control system. Fourth, further purify the social atmosphere, eliminate social evils such as "pornography and gambling", and create a good social environment for the healthy growth of young people. Teenagers are plastic and have strong imitation ability. The temptation of unhealthy things is often great. As the saying goes, "good things don't go out, bad things spread thousands of miles." It is not easy to learn well, but it is easy to learn badly. Therefore, we should try our best to suppress the phenomenon of "yellow gambling", which is one of the main incentives for juvenile delinquency. Strengthen the management in the cultural field, prohibit the development and dissemination of unhealthy books and periodicals, and eradicate the cultural garbage that poisons unhealthy young people.

In a word, juvenile delinquency is on the rise year by year, and the age is gradually getting younger. Major and important crimes are prominent, with bad nature and gangs. These have become social problems that cannot be ignored, and we need to mobilize the strength of the whole society for China, which accounts for one third of the country's youth population. Comprehensive use of economic, cultural, legal education and other means to carry out in-depth, lasting and extensive grand projects to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency, which is a great plan related to national rejuvenation, national rise and fall, peace and happiness.