Based on the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education formulated by the Ministry of Education. If the test questions are based on textbooks, they will not go beyond the scope of "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standard Experimental Textbook (Chinese)" (Grade 7 ~ Grade 9) published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House (hereinafter referred to as "Textbook").
Two. Examination content and requirements
I. Accumulation and application
Including the accumulation of words, sentences, ancient and modern excellent poems and the ability to solve practical problems by using Chinese knowledge. Grammar and rhetoric knowledge should not be used as the content of examination, but should be used to help understand the language difficulties in specific materials, appreciate their expressive effects and use them flexibly.
(A) knowledge accumulation
1. Pronunciation and font
Memorize 3500 commonly used Chinese characters. Focus on mastering the sounds, shapes and meanings of new words involved in the textbook; Be accurate in pronunciation, standardized in writing and correct in use.
2. Common sense of literature
Understand the works knowledge and cultural common sense of the important writers involved in this article.
3. Recite and write by memory
(1) modern poetry (the part specified in the textbook): (1) the meaning of life; 2 "Spring"; (3) the market in the sky; (4) two poems by Mao Zedong; ⑤ Seven Laws Long March; ⑥ Hometown (the last three sections).
(2) Ancient poems (classical Chinese recommended by 16 curriculum standard (part specified in the textbook), 34 ancient poems).
(3) Famous sayings and sentences (from the text and "Appendix" of China Readers (1-6).
(2) Expression application
(1) Master the usage of common punctuation marks.
⑵ Accurately use function words, content words and common idioms in modern Chinese.
⑶ Discriminate and modify sick sentences.
Types of ill sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components and chaotic structure; The meaning is unclear and illogical.
(4) Can abbreviate, expand and imitate sentences according to the situation.
5] The language expression is concise, coherent and appropriate.
Second, reading.
It mainly examines students' ability to feel, understand, appreciate and evaluate the text.
1. Be able to skillfully use various reading methods and read ordinary modern texts at a speed of not less than 500 words per minute. On the basis of reading through the article, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the meaning and function of important words in the language environment.
2. Reading simple and easy-to-remember classical Chinese, you can understand the meaning of common notional words in the context, focusing on the main usages of common function words, such as: zhi, zhi, er, yi, wei, Yan, nai, ze, ran, or so on, and you can understand the basic content of the selected text. Do not examine the degree of mastery of knowledge such as morphology and syntax.
3. By reading simple expositions and general scientific and technological works, you can grasp the object and center of the article, understand the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method of the work, master the common interpretation order and methods, and taste the characteristics of the interpretation language.
4. Reading simple argumentative essays can distinguish the relationship between ideas and materials (truth, facts, data, charts), and make judgments and explanations through your own thinking.
5. When reading literary works, you can have your own emotional experience, initially appreciate the connotation of the works, and tell the beneficial enlightenment gained from it. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching situations and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the works.
Generally, the examination paper has a passage of classical Chinese reading, and the materials are selected from the simple and memorable classical Chinese after class, which mainly examines the students' migration ability. Set up two paragraphs of modern Chinese reading, both of which are taken from extracurricular activities. Appreciation of ancient poetry is not limited, but students' own taste and aesthetic taste are the focus.
Third, oral communication.
The training content of 12 "oral communication" in the textbook is within the scope of examination. By setting up oral communication situations, students' oral communication ability is examined.
Fourth, composition
Only 1 article is tested, regardless of style. The specific requirements are:
1. Be able to correctly understand the meaning of the question and make the writing conform to the meaning of the question.
2. Sincere feelings, and strive to express their unique feelings and real experiences of nature, society and life.
3. Observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness of life, capture the characteristics of things, and strive to be creative.
4. According to the expression center, choose the appropriate expression. Arrange the order and details of the content reasonably and express your meaning clearly. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression.
5. Write a narrative to be specific; Write a concise exposition and make it clear; Write a simple argumentative essay, so that it is justified. Style should be standardized and structure should be complete.
6. The roll surface is neat, the writing is standardized, and the punctuation is correct.
Comprehensive learning of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
The 12 language practice activities and the 10 topic compiled by the textbook are all within the scope of examination. This paper mainly examines students' gains, experiences and feelings in the process of participating in activities.
Sixth, extracurricular reading materials.
The six works recommended for reading in the textbook "Famous Books Recommendation and Reading" are all within the scope of examination. This paper mainly examines whether students have unread original works and implements the relevant requirements of "reading famous books" in textbooks.
Seven, the composition and difficulty of the test paper
The test paper is divided into two parts: Volume 1 (multiple choice questions) and Volume 2 (non-multiple choice questions), and the score of Volume 1 (multiple choice questions) is controlled at about 10% of the total score. The score ratio of easy questions, medium questions and difficult questions in the test paper is about 6: 3: 1.
Review outline of junior high school Chinese text by People's Education Press
First, modern reading.
[knowledge point reserve]
1. Literary genre: poetry, novel, prose and drama.
2. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
3. Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, rhetorical question, repetition and comparison.
4, the role of rhetoric:
① Metaphor personification: vivid image;
2. parallelism: momentum, emphasis on tone, and so on.
3. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
4. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
⑤ Contrast: emphasize … highlight …;
⑥ Repetition: emphasize ... strengthen the tone;
7. exaggeration: highlighting and emphasizing;
First, modern poetry
[knowledge point reserve]
1, the characteristics of poetry: lyricism, generality, imagery and musicality.
2. According to the way of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry, narrative poetry and mystery poetry.
3. According to genre, it can be divided into old-style poems and new-style poems.
4. Expression techniques: symbolism, contrast, contrast, suspense setting, echo before and after, first promotion and then suppression, first suppression and then promotion, expressing meaning by raising things, expressing feelings by borrowing things, associating, imagining and setting off (positive contrast and negative contrast).
5. Lyric way: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
[Related Text Content]
seven
I love this land, Ai Qing.
The afterglow of homesickness
I sing for the boy and girl He Qifang.
Tagore, paper boat
Baxia
Dayanhe-My Nanny Ai Qing
The Great Wall ballad "Xi Murong"
Sophora japonica leaves
Facing the air
Woodcutter, don't cut down that tree.
Jiuxia
"Recall Qin E? Mao Zedong Loushanguan
"Qinyuanchun? Xue Mao Zedong
Farewell to Xu zhimo of Cambridge
This is 4: 08 Beijing time.
If life deceives you, Pushkin
A road with no choice.
B, novels
[knowledge point reserve]
1, the three elements of the novel: the character (subject), the plot and the environment.
2. Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, appearance, psychology and details.
3. The angle of describing characters: front and side.
The plot consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
5. Environmental description is divided into natural environment and social environment.
6. The role of the natural environment: explain the time and place of the story and the space of the characters' activities, and set off the emotions of the characters.
7. The role of social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times, contrast the characters' character, promote the plot development and prompt the theme of the article.
8. Divided into long stories, novelettes, short stories and short stories according to length.
9, the role of sentences in the text:
1. Preface: opening point; Render the atmosphere; Lay a good foundation; Set suspense; Pave the way for the following; General collar below.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Deepen the theme; Watch the beginning.
[Related Text Content]
Shang Qi
"Empty City Plan" Luo Guanzhong
Houziwu Wang Chengen
sound
courage
eight
"Kansai, a boxing town in Luti jurisdiction" Shi Naian
Fan Jinzhong juwu Jingzi
Spinning Boris
Sammy and the white crane
Jiushang
"Kong Yiji" Lu Xun
Bi Shumin's One centimeter.
"Half-loaded straw" Yao
Saibi and Hulu
Jiuxia
"Hometown" Lu Xun
little boy
lily
Oida's ideal
C, prose
[knowledge point reserve]
1, features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit.
[Related Text Content]
Eight Poems (Narrative Prose)
"Back" Zhu Ziqing
"Forever Regret" Ji Xianlin
"Iron Rider" Yang Shuo
Susan. Anthony
Jiushang (lyric prose)
Mao Dun, praise poplars.
"Prison Green" Lu Li
The begonia flowers in the West Flower Hall are blooming again.
strawberry
Nine times (argumentative essay)
home page
Life among rocks
The call of ruins
The vast ocean Ji Bolun.
D, drama (script)
[knowledge point reserve]
1, classification:
① According to the forms of expression: drama, poetic drama, opera, ballet and traditional opera.
② According to the nature of content: tragedy, comedy and drama.
③ Times reflected by themes: drama, historical drama, divine drama, science fiction drama, pantomime and children's drama.
④ According to the length scale: full-length drama and one-act drama.
[Related Text Content]
Baxia
Sunrise by Cao Yu
"Imperial Commissioner" Nikolai Nikolai Gogol
Put down your whip.
Jiushang
Tea house Laoshe
"Mayor Chen Yi" Sha
Founding ceremony.
E, narrative
[knowledge point reserve]
1, six elements: time, place, person, cause, process and result of things.
2. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
3. The role of discussion in narrative:
Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point.
4. The role of lyricism in narrative:
Express the author's deep feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.
5. Summary of narrative paragraphs:
Answer clearly (when and where) who does what.
[Related Text Content]
Seven on (writing people's narrative)
Memories of my mother
Deep in the alley
"My teacher" Helen? Keller
"Two Bombs" Deng Jiaxian
Seven on (narrative)
Bing Xin is in the memory of reading
"My first literary attempt" Mark? between the two
Feng Zikai, take shelter from the rain on the mountain
Lu Xun's Kite
Part VII (Narration of Things-Grasping the Characteristics of Things)
Pomegranate Guo Moruo
Zheng Haiyan Zhenduo
Bai e feng Zikai
Crane group
F, description text
[knowledge point reserve]
1, interpretation order: time, space, logic.
2. Interpretation: examples, figures, analogy, comparison, quotation, classification, imitation, definition and explanation.
3. Structure of the article: total score, total score, total score.
4, explain the meaning of inductive paragraph:
Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are.
5. Understanding and discrimination of the functions of words in explanatory texts;
(1) Where is the word "xx"?
The use of the word "XX" vividly and accurately explains the characteristics of things, can stimulate readers' interest, conforms to the actual situation and is scientific.
② Can the word "XX" be deleted?
No, if the word "XX" is deleted, the meaning of the sentence will become …, but if the word "XX" is used, the meaning will not be conveyed. It accurately explains …, which conforms to the actual situation and leaves room for it. It is scientific.
[Related Text Content]
Seven times (descriptive words of things)
Ye Shengtao of Suzhou Gardens
Bridge Vision Mao Yisheng
Intercontinental missile self-report
A strange and rare animal-the echidna
Eight theories (rational exposition)
Why are flowers so red? Jia zuzhang
Destruction of Rainforest —— A worldwide disaster
The ocean is the granary of the future.
Random thoughts on science at the turn of the century Yang Zhenning
Jiushang
Gao Shiqi smiled.
Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan by Jia Zuzhang
Be kind to your home.
Long Yongtu's Interest in the WTO
G. argumentative essay
[knowledge point reserve]
1, three elements: argument, argument and argument.
2. Arguments are divided into factual arguments and rational arguments.
3. Argumentation methods: examples, reasons, comparisons and metaphors.
4. Arguments can be divided into argumentation and refutation.
5. The types of refutation are: refutation point, refutation basis and refutation argument.
6. Functional analysis of demonstration method:
This paper demonstrates that ... (Demonstration) By using XX argumentation method, the persuasiveness of the article is strengthened and the readers are convinced.
[Related Text Content]
Bashang (paper)
In memory of Bethune, Mao Zedong
On Language Wang Li
Liang Qichao, the most bitter and happiest
Lazy wisdom
Nine quotients (refuting papers)
"Have China people lost confidence?" Lu Xun
Haing s ngor did kill his wife Deng Tuo.
Damaodong
There are no stupid questions.
H, writing landscape articles
[knowledge point reserve]
1. Describe the scene from the perspectives of vision, hearing, taste and touch.
2. Methods of describing scenery: combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), combination of generalization and concreteness, from far to near (from near to far).
[Related Text Content]
Shang Qi
Zhu Ziqing's Spring
"Winter in Jinan" Lao She
Deep in the bamboo forest.
Woods and grasslands Turgenev
Eight on (Travel Notes)
Badong three Gorges
Yunshuizhouzhuang
Qinghai Lake, a magical lake.
Walk into new york
I documentary works
[Related Text Content]
Seven times (biography)
Lu Xun's autobiography Lu Xun
Mao Zedong's boyhood Edgar? snow
The thousandth ball
Young Einstein
Bashang (news)
Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
Farewell, Great Britain
The boat of life
Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice.
Baxia
Nanjing Massacre
Looking for Shi chuanxiang
A Bing, tel 1950.
Battle of Waterloo
J, fairy tales
[Related Text Content]
Shang Qi
turtle
Song of the brook
seven
Camel treasure hunt
Dust under the carpet
Giants and children
Cricket in Times Square
K, others
[Related Text Content]
(Science Fiction) Part VII
Gene imagination
If humans also have tails.
(Speech) Eight times
"Serving the People" Mao Zedong
"Understanding the Spirit of Things" Ding Zhaozhong
I have a dream? Ludkin
You are your captain.
(Letter) Nine
A letter to Mr. Jiang Jingguo
A letter to my son
A letter to my daughter Suhomlinski
Letter to Butler Hugo
(Preface and Postscript) Nine times
The Preface and Postscript of Ba Jin's Home Page
Reading: Heine
Eternal rebirth
Science and art
20 10 prepares for the Chinese composition for the senior high school entrance examination, and creates six skills at the beginning of high-scoring composition.
Composition is the highlight of the Chinese exam, and almost half of the scores show its weight. Its success or failure greatly affects the success or failure of Chinese, and the success or failure of Chinese affects the overall situation. Therefore, it has become an urgent desire of many students to understand the writing skills of the senior high school entrance examination and improve their writing and expression skills. Based on the excellent writing examples of middle school students in monthly exams and mid-term and final exams over the years, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the beginning of the composition for the senior high school entrance examination for your reference.
Tip 1: Cut to the chase and get to the point quickly.
Example 1: Starting point has a sacred beauty to life. It is this beauty that gives people the motivation to move forward, the source of strength, the enterprising mind and the courage to struggle. A new starting point, like a beautiful pearl, extends the value and brilliance of life. (the beauty of the starting point)
Exodus When the young tree emerged from the dark and wet land, it knew that it was the land that gave it life. So, it crossed many difficulties and obstacles and wanted to grow into a towering tree to repay his land mother. With gratitude, we can cross all kinds of gullies in life like this little tree. ("Be grateful")
Comments: the article comes straight to the point, goes straight to the subject, and takes the full text as a whole, which has the function of outlining.
In the examination room, a good beginning is mostly concise. Its purpose is to give people a clear and remarkable impression and stimulate readers' strong desire to read. However, due to the limitation of time and space, writing a composition in the examination room usually starts with getting to the point and writing a title, so that people can feel your opinions, ideas or emotions at the beginning of reading. Avoid mystifying, beating around the bush, deliberately making people unpredictable, entering the "maze" and unwilling to write the meaning directly. It seems that this is where the article is novel and ingenious, and the level and skill can be seen. In fact, this mysterious practice is precisely the disadvantage of writing.
In terms of the number of words, the beginning and the end should not be too long. Generally speaking, the standard test paper 100 words, about three or four lines is appropriate.
Secret 2: Brilliant and fascinating.
Exodus 3: From mountains and rivers, from ancient poems to common sayings. Chinese people exist everywhere in life. If you think big, there will be a golden sloppy peak; Want to be fresh, there are small bridges and flowing water, and there are red apricots in Jiangnan; Say sad, xiaoxiang has tears, Qinhuai romantic; On philosophical thinking, there is a true face of Lushan Mountain and a bright future ... China people came to me gently and walked past me gently. ("China people passed me")
Example 4: Chinese rhyme, 5,000 years of splendid civilization; Love China, swing 9 million square meters. It runs through ancient times and modern times, and it connects the north and the south. Poetry inherits the blood of China people and supports the backbone of China people. ("Sea Clouds and Clear Sky")
Comments: At the beginning of these two sentences, parallelism and duality are skillfully used, which are catchy to read and full of charm. Literary talent is flying, but also from the big picture, magnificent, straightforward and vigorous language style, showing a deep language foundation, shocking, stimulating a strong interest in reading. In Example 3, classical poems are quoted appropriately, which enhances the expressive force of the article. Related classical poems are handy, easy to write, rich in content, meaningful in language, and show cultural taste.
Example 5: The spring breeze blows gently in the corridor, and the green outside the window is full of colors. I can't help but be attracted by your elegance. When I am near you, my heart suddenly dances lightly. Birds play, butterflies fly, geese line up in the air, and tigers roar in the mountains. The sea is calm. At our feet, the waves gently kissed the rocks, like drowsiness. On the calm and dark sea, the moonlight opened a long, narrow and bright lamp, shining like silver scales and trembling slightly. The red light on the lighthouse in the distance is embedded in the darkness like a ruby. (Another Youth)
Comments: The beginning is beautiful, beautiful, colorful and beautiful. This opening creates a strong lyrical atmosphere for the full text, full of poetry and painting.
Practicing Chinese well is like having a sharp weapon to make your composition unrestrained and invincible in the examination room. The shortest marking time is generally about 3 minutes. How to attract the attention of reviewers? Language is the biggest breakthrough of junior high school students' thinking ability and expression ability. Therefore, working hard on the language is the most important thing in writing. Usually, we should accumulate more good words and sentences and improve our language expression ability in a subtle way. Write a beautiful composition and try to write a beautiful language.
Tip 3: Use rhetoric skillfully to improve literary talent.
Ex. 6: The joy of life lies in smiling at everything. It comes from the Buddha's wisdom of smiling, so smiling becomes an attitude, an understanding and a practice. Because of it, you can be confident but not arrogant, sad but not decadent, old but not rigid, young but not frivolous ... ("Face Life with a Smile")
Example 7: Chinese is like a bunch of herbs, which always infiltrates people's spleen and makes people intoxicated; Chinese is like a light rain, always sweet and intoxicating; Chinese, like a pillar, always supports people's hearts and makes people intoxicated. This is China people, it's always walk on by, others and me. ("China people passed me")
Example 8: When I was a child, my parents brought an old man to me and told me that his name was China. I looked at him. He was white-haired, but healthy and energetic, and he was as handsome as a young man. Later I learned that he was thousands of years old. From Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to 2 1 century, the wisdom in his mind was never heard, so I asked him to give me wisdom. ("China people passed me")
Comments: Rhetoric is an indispensable part of language use. Clever and appropriate rhetorical devices can often add a lot of elegance to the language. In the exam composition, if candidates can skillfully use rhetoric to dress up their own language, they will get good results. In the above cases, Example 6 uses parallelism, Example 7 uses metaphor and parallelism, and Example 8 uses personification to vividly explain his views and express his true feelings. The language is bright and colorful, which is refreshing to read. Such an extraordinary beginning will naturally leave a good impression on the marking teacher.
Tip 4: Ask questions skillfully and make people think.
Exodus 9: To be honest, I was a little confused when I first saw this topic. Face life with a smile. Nowadays, in the life of grade three, there are mountains of textbooks and exercises. Life makes us breathless and exhausted. How can I face life with a smile? ("Face Life with a Smile")
Example 10: A smile is beautiful, which is better than any expression in the world. Mona Lisa's smile is quiet and mysterious; Audrey? Hepburn's smile is beautiful and kind; Juliet. Roberts' smiles are full of confidence and vitality ... In the face of these smiles, I not only have to ask: Why are their smiles beautiful? ("Face Life with a Smile")
Comments: Enjoy a beautiful piece of music. Although music is the finale, it has a lingering sound, leaving people with endless charm. Similarly, a good article should be rich in words, endless in meaning and enlightening. Starting from the examples in students' life, asking questions can stimulate people's interest in reading, and seeing the author's unique ideas will naturally attract people to read; Example 10 Cut to the chase. After enumerating the smiles of several famous people who have fascinated all beings, this paper puts forward the question of "why smiles are so beautiful", skillfully deduces the topic and stimulates people's imagination and reading desire.
Tip 5: Widely quoted and colorful.
Example 1 1: The ancients said, "Reach the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.." ; Philosophers say that "the higher you stand, the farther you see"; And I said that the scenery "halfway up the mountain" is unique. Because it shows the beauty in the process. ("the scenery halfway up the mountain")
Example 12: Looking for eternity in a short life. Plato said. -Inscription. ("Wings to Fly Far with Dreams")
Example 13: The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away all the heroes, and the success or failure goes up in smoke. Qingshan is still there, and the sunset is a few degrees red ... (hero? Poetry ")
Comments: To make the language beautiful, quotation is a good strategy. There are many famous sayings, sayings and proverbs in ancient and modern China and abroad. If you can quote them skillfully, it will certainly add a lot of color to the article. Here are a few examples, citing poems, famous sayings and lyrics of film and television dramas, which not only increase literary talent, but also deepen the artistic conception of the article, or increase the depth of thought.
Tip 6: Respond from beginning to end and highlight the main idea.
Example 14: (1) Time flies, time flies. In the spring and autumn of 14th, I traveled with my parents for several years. From the beginning of my life, I rushed to the future irretrievably at the same speed. When I stop occasionally, I find that I have been walking with my parents for fourteen years. The old are the years, not the parents; On the contrary, I grew up.
(End) I think we will go longer, probably as long as their lives. We will sigh that time flies and time flies. In the next few decades, I walked with my parents. Old is time and people; The constant is love. ("I walk with my parents")
Comments: Echo from beginning to end is one of the most practical methods in examination room writing. Generally speaking, the author first puts forward the center of the article at the beginning, and then emphasizes it again at the end, taking care of the beginning, thus making the center of the article stand out clearly. Example 14, the beginning and the end are expressed in simple and affectionate language. Although it is not brilliant in literary talent, the deep affection between the lines makes this article full of feelings. Moreover, the last long sentence at the beginning and the end all use the same sentence pattern, but the words are skillfully changed, forming a front-back care, causing inner touches, deep feelings and emotions.
The above points are my feelings in daily teaching and students' writing practice. It is not a "panacea" or a "high score cheat", but if we can help senior high school students make key breakthroughs, master the writing essentials at the beginning and train well, I believe there will be more and more beautiful points in the article. I also hope that college students can be familiar with some excellent chapters, learn more writing skills, and fill their reference libraries so that writing will no longer be an obstacle. Be sure to remember: the method is always more difficult than it is!