Tang dynasty:
Han Yu-There are The Original Road, Buddha's Bone Table, Original Nature, Teacher's Theory and Horse's Theory with the theme of respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism, essays with the theme of mocking the social status quo, Delin Jie and the famous Sacrifice to Twelve Lang. Liu Zongyuan, the fable Donkey of Money and the Mouse of Yong Family, has philosophical works such as Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, Theory of Four Seasons, Theory of Judgment, Tian Shuo, Tian Dui and Eight Records of Yongzhou, etc. Among them are Xiao's Pond Collection, Journey to the West Banquet Collection, Gong Gu Tan (Mu Tan), Gong Tan of Xishan Mountain, Yuan Jiake Collection, Shi Qu Collection, Shi and Xiao Shicheng Mountain Collection.
Song dynasty:
Ouyang Xiu-Preface to Drunk Pavilion, Ode to Chanting, Ode to Autumn Sound, Notes on Letters, Pengdang Theory, Introduction to Lingguan, Su Xun (Xú n)-Six Kingdoms Theory, Balance of Power Theory, Discrimination of Rape Theory and Guan Zhong Theory. Prose include Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu, Wang Ping Lun, Houhoulun and Shi Zhongshan Ji. Su Zhe-Lu 'an City Collection (84 volumes), Lu 'an City Collection (0/2 volumes). Ceng Gong (gǒng)—— Ouyang Xiu's Book of Scheeren, Shangcai's Book of Bachelor, Ang Lee's Second Life Preface and Wang Pingfu's Anthology Preface. Wang Anshi-You Baochan, Zhong Yong, Fu Sima's remonstrance, and Han Yu. Liu Zongyuan advocated the "ancient prose movement", so he was collectively called "Liu Han". Su Xun is the father of Su Shi and Su Zhe, and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother, so Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe are collectively called Su San. Wang Anshi and both worshipped Ouyang Xiu as their teachers, so the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were divided into the Han and Liu schools in Tang Dynasty and the six schools of Ouyang, Zeng and Wang in Song Dynasty.
Edit this paragraph Han Yu 768-824
brief introduction
Han Yu
Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan) and was of the Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature"; in Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of eight great writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a literary master of one hundred generations". All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "being out of control". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism. Han Yu (768 ~ 824) posthumous title was renamed Wen Gong, so he was called Han Wengong in the world. He was born in Heyang, Henan (now mengzhou city, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Self-proclaimed county looks Changli, known as Han Changli in the world (the word "county looks" is a combination of "county" and "hope". "County" is an administrative division, "Wang" is an aristocratic family, and the combination of "County King" refers to the aristocratic family within a certain region and country. And Han Yu lives in Changli, so he is also called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of prose" in the Song Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was known as the first of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Fu's poems, calling it "Du Bi", and is known as "a great writer" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.
The life of the character
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I didn't try it for the third time. After the age of twenty-five, he became the first scholar. After three unsuccessful attempts to learn Hongci, he went to Bianzhou Dongjin and Xuzhou Zhang Jianfeng as shogunate. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. After the age of 36, he was appointed as the imperial army. Because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes and downgrade Yangshan order. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. After 50, he first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, where he died at the age of 57. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Achievements and contributions
Han Yu (768-824), a scholar in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. When he was assistant minister of punishments, he was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat, which angered Xianzong. Later, when he was in Muzong, he was called into imperial academy to offer a drink offering, and served as an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and an official minister. He was a famous essayist and an important poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and Liu Zongyuan have different political views, but this does not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was once demoted to Yuanzhou, now Yichun, Jiangxi, for his advice on Buddhist bones. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements. Han Yu advocated the unification of the world politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. The poetic circles in the Han Yu era have begun to break through the narrow world of Dali poets. Han Yu initiated a new school of poetry. He is good at driving the majestic momentum with strong brushwork, mixed with fantasy and mysterious interest, giving poetry rich and magnificent colors, resulting in thunder and lightning. In addition, Korean poetry has the characteristics of "taking literature as poetry" in art, which has a great influence on later generations. Of course, there are also game words in Korean poetry that pursue grotesque and treacherous, which are not worth taking. He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Han Yu ranked first among the eight masters, not because Tang was before Song, but because he made outstanding contributions to the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song!
Edit this paragraph Liu Zongyuan 773-8 19.
brief introduction
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan, zihou, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) and he is from Chang 'an. In the early years of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was the official governor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji. Xiaoshitang is the most famous of Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou. Liu Zongyuan, Zi Zihou, was a famous writer in Tang Dynasty in China. He is known as "Liu Hedong" by the world, and is also known as "the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Tang Dynasty. He has more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements are greater than poems. Hedong Jie (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) was born in Chang 'an, the capital city in the eighth year of Daizong Dali (773), and died in Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Xianzong Yuanhe (8 19). A generation of famous writers and thinkers, under 50 years old. Because he was from Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was called Liuhe East or Liuzhou. Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others were called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" by later generations. In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left a great legacy to future generations.
His excellent works. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape travel notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. Besides fable poems, Liu Zongyuan also wrote many fables, such as Donkey of Guizhou, Mouse of Yongmou, Elk of Linjiang, etc., which also became famous fables in ancient times. "The donkey is poor in skills" has become an idiom, and almost everyone knows it. Some fables are short in length, but they are told through the ages, just like his landscapes.
thesis
Including philosophy, political theory and other papers focused on discussion. Sharp pen, accurate argument. Tian Shuo is a masterpiece of philosophical papers. Feudalism and Heavenly Punishment are representative works of medium and long political papers. Jin Wengong's theory of asking the original, Dong's argument and Yi's nine-section praise are all representatives of short political theory. There is a simple materialistic element in his philosophy. His political thoughts are mainly embodied in the progressive social historical view that emphasizes "potential" and the Confucian people-oriented thought. But also influenced by Buddhism, especially when they are frustrated politically, they often seek spiritual liberation from Buddhism.
fable
Inherited and developed the traditions of Zhuangzi, Han Feizi, Lu Chunqiu, Liezi and the Warring States Policy, which were mostly used to satirize and attack the ugly phenomena of the society at that time. Innovate, create whimsy, and make good use of anthropomorphic artistic images of various animals to express philosophical or political views. Representative works include Three Rings, Linjiang Elk, Guizhou Donkey, Yongjia Mouse, Biography and Biography. Laughing and cursing, because things are small, show a high degree of humor and irony.
biography
Inherited the tradition of Historical Records and Hanshu, and made some innovations. Representative works include Anecdotes of Duan Taiwei, Biography of Zi Ren, Biography of Hejian, Snake Catching and so on. Some works are exaggerated and fictional on the basis of real people and stories, just like fables and novels. For example, Biography of Song Qing and Biography of Planting Trees and Camels.
Landscape travel notes
The most popular works are written after being demoted, and Yongzhou's works are better. Eight Notes on Yongzhou: Travel Notes on the First Banquet of Xishan, Guantan, Guantan Xishan, Xiaoshitang, Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Koishiyama. These works not only express their experiences and resentment through beautiful scenery; There is also a description of the author's quiet state of mind, which is manifested in extreme depression and the pursuit of spiritual sustenance. As for the direct description of the scenery, it is steep and clean, or beautiful and pleasant, and reproduces the beauty of nature with delicate language. Eight Records of Yongzhou was written four years after Yuanhe. At that time, Liu Zongyuan was exiled to Yongzhou, which is now Yongzhou, Hunan Province, because of the failure of political reform. The articles are all some scenery near Yongzhou at that time. The article is short, light, concise and fluent, which has been praised by all previous dynasties. Among them, the story of Xiaoshitang is the most famous. Through his own pen, the author described a quiet and peaceful scenery in Xiaoshitang. The article is fascinating and endless. At first, Xiaoshitang was presented by hearing its sound first and then seeing its shape. Write a pool with fish, then the clarity of the pool water can be imagined; People who write about fish are happy beyond words. The author's image is vivid, subtle, economical and superb. At the end, it is written in a quiet and quiet environment, a sad feeling and a blend of scenes.
Sao fu
Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "In the Tang Dynasty, only thick sons got the Sao school." This theory is very pertinent. Liu Zongyuan inherited and carried forward the tradition of Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu. His ci and fu not only used the traditional form, but also inherited the spirit of Qu Yuan. This may be because although they are separated by thousands of years, they are similar in thought, experience, ambition and personality. "Old Tang Book" said that Liu Zongyuan was "a fugitive with a bumpy life (family B). There are dozens of essays that express the sorrow of Sao people, write emotional narratives, and the words are moving, and all visitors are sad. " How similar it is to Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu. Liu Zongyuan's "Nine Poems" and "Ten Sao Poems" are really excellent works in the prose literature of the Tang Dynasty. Whether focusing on expressing feelings or reciting things, they are sincere and rich in content. The styles of Li Sao and Nine Chapters are used in Punishing Evil Fu, Sheng Min Fu, Meng Gui Fu and Prison Mountain Fu. Or express one's mind directly, or borrow ancient times to hurt oneself, or borrow fables to express irony and think hard, which won the essence of Qu Sao. Tiandui and Jinwen are another type. Their forms imitate Tian Wen and Qi Fa, and their words are strange and profound. In addition, Liu Jizhong has many works about Buddhist tablets, inscriptions, notes, preface, poems and so on, involving Zen, Tiantai Sect, Buddhism and other theories. Besides his achievements in politics, philosophy and literature, Liu Zongyuan is also a famous thinker. A person who actively participates in political innovation must be a thinker. Liu Zongyuan's philosophical works include Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, Seasonal Theory, Criminal Argument, Tian Shuo, Tian Dui and so on. In these works, Liu Zongyuan holds a negative attitude towards the theory of "the image of Xia, Shang and Zhou" advocated by Dong Zhongshu, a great scholar in Han Dynasty, denouncing such a great man as Dong Zhongshu as a "witch history" and accusing him of "confusing future generations". He opposed the theories of providence, destiny and heaven, criticized theology, emphasized personnel, and replaced "God" with "man", which was very valuable in the feudal society where theological superstition dominated more than 1000 years ago. Liu Zongyuan also turned his criticism of theology into a criticism of politics, explained the relationship between heaven and man from the viewpoint of simple materialism, and criticized the idealistic theory of destiny. His philosophical thoughts were in line with the development of social productive forces and the level of natural science at that time. He developed ancient naive materialism's atheism to a new height and was an outstanding thinker in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Edit this paragraph Ouyang Xiu 1007- 1072.
brief introduction
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yong Shu, a drunkard, was also named Liu Yiju in his later years (Liu Yi has 10,000 books, 1,000 epigraphy, a piano, a chess game, a pot of wine and an alcoholic). He was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) and from Yongfeng, Ji 'an (now Jiangxi), calling himself Luling. Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. Poetry and prose are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like collecting inscriptions and compiling them into Ancient Records. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. After his death, he was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan). The existing Ouyangxiu Cemetery in Ouyangsi Village, xindian town City, xinzheng city is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today.
Main work
His representative works include On Friends, Biography of Shi Lingguan in Five Dynasties, Zuiweng Pavilion, Ode to Autumn Sound, Sacrifice to Shi Man Qingwen and Selling Oil Weng. There are six lyrics: picking mulberry seeds (it is good after the West Lake blooms), complaining (autumn frost and morning shutter), stepping on sand (plum blossoms to be left in the museum), giving birth (last January), Chao Zhongcuo (Pingshan railing leaning against the clear sky) and recent flowers (how deep the courtyard is); Poems such as "The Play Answers Yuan Zhen" and "The Thrushcross Bird".
Edit this paragraph Su Xun1009-1066.
Name: Su Xun Ziming Yunnuo. Lao Quan's Date of Birth and Death:1009 ——1066 Dynasty: Literary Period of Song Dynasty: Literary School of Song Dynasty: Representative Works of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Balance of Essays.
Brief introduction to life
Prose writer in northern song dynasty. Han nationality. The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. brief introduction
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 ~11) was born in the Song Dynasty, with the word Zi Zhan and the word He Zhong, with the name "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumous title Wenzhong. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has many creative talents, and has made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. The world is called Su Dongpo. brief introduction
Su Zhe (1039 ~112) was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, they are called "Three Sus", ranking among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. In the second year of Emperor Injong's reign (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. For six years, Jiayou gave a series of lectures with Su Shi. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then. In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote a letter to Zongshen, urging the new law to remain unchanged, and wrote a letter to Wang Anshi, criticizing the new law fiercely. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". He wrote that he wanted to use his official position to atone for his brother, but he could not be implicated. He was demoted and sentenced to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the old party was in power, and was recalled as a secretary, a provincial school book lang and a right secretary, promoted to a living lang, and transferred to the position of a Chinese book clerk and assistant minister of the household department. In the fourth year (1089), Zhezong Yuanyou authorized the official department minister to be sent to Qidan. He is also the heir to the empire. For six years, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, entered the door as an assistant minister, and took charge of state affairs. In the eighth year of Yuan You, philosophers took charge of politics, and the new school came back to power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), he wrote against current politics and was demoted as an official. He knew Ruzhou and Yuanzhou, was responsible for granting special permission to Huazhou and resettling Leizhou, and was later demoted to Zhou Xun and other places. After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", and named it "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He took reading and writing as his occupation and sat in meditation. After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Ming Taizu Temple and decided to bury him. Su Zhe's life knowledge was deeply influenced by his father and brother, mainly Confucianism, and he admired Mencius most and visited hundreds of schools. He is good at political theory and historical theory. In political theory, he talks about world events. For example, the new theory (1) says that "in today's world, great events are uneasy, chaotic but not dangerous, while Yoshioka is crude and does not lift them, and there is no mutation but chronic illness". Analyzing the political situation at that time can hit the nail on the head. Huang Jing said, "In this world, don't be in a hurry to have no money", and it also hit the nail on the head. Historical theory, like Father and Brother, is aimed at the disadvantages of the times and serves the present. "The Six Kingdoms" comments that Qi, Chu, Yan and Zhao can't support Korea and Wei in the past and unite against Qin, which implies that there were enemies before the Northern Song Dynasty, and then there were decadent realities. Comparing Liu Bei and Liu Bang, The History of the Three Kingdoms commented that Liu Bei was "short in wisdom but not brave" and "I don't know because he failed to win", which also implied a lesson from the past. Su Zhe also has his own views on ancient prose. In the book "Senior Official Han Taiwei", he said: "Writers are in the shape of Qi. However, writing can't be learned, and qi can be raised. " It is believed that "nourishing qi" lies in inner cultivation, but more importantly, it depends on broad life experience. Therefore, Sima Qian was praised as "traveling around the world, visiting famous mountains and rivers, and making friends with Yanzhao, so his prose was sparse and quite strange." His writing style is Wang Yang's and full of elegance. For example, the story of Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion is a collection of scenery, narration, lyricism and discussion in one furnace, which is permeated with injustice in the vast ocean and clearly reflects the style of the author's prose. Su Zhe's fu is also well written. For example, "Zhu Mo Fu" praised the painter Wen Tong's "Mo Zhu", and wrote the modality of bamboo carefully and realistically, full of poetry. Su Zhe tried to catch up with Su Shi in poetry, and there are many existing poems, but compared with Su Shi, his thoughts and talents are inferior. Most of his early poems were trivial matters of life, singing about things and writing scenery, especially with Su Shi. The style is unpretentious and the literary talent is not good. After retiring to Yingchuan in his later years, he learned more about farmers' life and wrote poems such as Autumn Harvest, which deeply reflected real life. Writing personal life feelings, artistic achievements are also more than in the early days, such as "Nan Zhai Zhu": "Living in a dusty room, my wife is at leisure. Go to the south window to repair bamboo, as if you saw the old western hills. " The artistic conception is leisurely and the taste is long. Su Zhe has his own ideas about poetry. His Five Diseases in Poetry criticized Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Han Yu and Meng Jiao on the basis of ideological content. For example, Li Bai's "flashy" and "people in the Tang Dynasty didn't understand poetry" were representative in the Song Dynasty.
Main work
Su Zhe is the author of Lu 'an Ji Cheng, including Postscript, San Ji and other 84 volumes * * *, as well as a movable type book with four series. In addition, Lu 'an Cheng Ying Evonne (12) has four copies of the series.
Edit this paragraph Wang Anshi 102 1- 1086.
brief introduction
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) was named Fu Jie. In his later years, he was famous in the Mid-Levels and Badger Lang. Wang, also known as Wang, was born in Linchuan (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county, Jiangxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
Wang Anshi chronology
Xinyou (102 1) 19981month 12 was born in Linjiang Army (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi). In the eighth year of Renzong Tiansheng (1030), at the age of ten, Wang Yi learned the news of Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong) in the temple, and Wang Anshi went to Shaozhou with his father. In the second year of Gui You, Ming Dow (1033), thirteen-year-old Wang Yi returned to Linchuan (now Dongxiang, Jiangxi) to attend the funeral, accompanied by Wang Anshi. Jingyou Bingzi (1036) 16 years old went to Beijing with Wang. Ding Chou (1037) Jing You is four years old and seventeen years old. In April, Wang Yitong sentenced jiangning house (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), accompanied by Wang Anshi. Baoyuan is two years old (1039) and nineteen years old. In February, Wang Yi died in Jiangning. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), in March, 22-year-old Wang Anshi ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui's list. Sign a book with Secretary Lang and deposit it in Huainan for official business. Li Qing six years, 26-year-old Bing Xu (1046) from Linchuan to Beijing. Don't ask a librarian, change to Dali to judge things and know Yin County. In the third year, Xin Mao (105 1) sentenced Zhou Shu (now Anhui Buried Hill) at the age of 3 1 year. In the first year of He Zhi (1054), Wu Jia was 34 years old. He came to Beijing from Zhou Shu and was appointed as a captain of Ji Xian. His resignation was not accepted. In September, Qunmu was removed from the post of judicial officer. In the second year of Jiayou, Ding You (1057) was 37 years old. In May, he changed to Dr. Taichang and learned Changzhou. Jiayou was thirty-eight years old in the Reform Movement of 1898 (1058), and was promoted to Jiangdong Prison in February. He returned to Beijing in October and served as a judge of the third court. In the sixth year of Jiayou, Xin Chou (1061) was sentenced to prison in Beijing at the age of 41and was a doctor of the Ministry of Industry. In the eighth year of Jiayou, Guimao (1063) was 43 years old, and Injong was founded in March. In August, mother Wu died of illness in the capital and was buried in Jiangning in October. Ding Wei (1067) was forty-seven years old after four years of Zhiping. In the first month, the English Sect died and the Zongshen Sect (Zhao Yong) was founded. A letter to the old officer, knowing jiangning house. In September, he was called Hanlin Bachelor. In the first year of Zongshen Xining, Wu Shen (1068) was 48 years old and entered Beijing from Jiangning. The imperial edict is getting more and more correct. In the second year of Xining, he was forty-nine years old (1069). In February, he advised the doctor to participate in politics. Promulgate the law of equal transmission, the law of young crops and the law of farmland water conservancy. Xining three years, Geng Xu (1070) fifty years old. /kloc-Joined Pingzhang and Han Jiang, a college student in the History Museum, in October and February. The law establishing Garbo. In the fifth year of Xining, Lunzi (1072) was 52 years old, and the law of protecting horses in Yishi was implemented. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), at the age of 53, she was promoted to the Bureau of Justice. In September, Xihe won a great victory, and God gave it a jade belt. In the seventh year of Xining, Jiayin (1074) was fifty-four years old, and in March, he went to Fangtian for tax equalization. In April, the new law suffered its first setback, and jiangning house knew the scholar and Guan Wendian of the official department. 10 month, made by hand. In the eighth year of Xining, Mao Yi (1075) was 55 years old. In February, he visited Zhang Shi and Zhang Zhaoting in Tongping. In June, Jin Jia left the servant to shoot and served as assistant minister. In the ninth year of Xining, Chen Bing (1076) was 56 years old and died in June. In October, "for our time, the town south with flat chapter, sentenced to jiangning house. Fifty-eight-year-old, in the first month of the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), he entered the book of ministers, left servants to shoot, and sealed Shu Guogong. Yuan Feng was three years old, and Geng Shen (1080) was sixty years old. In September, Gatt entered Shangshu as a servant and assistant minister, and was renamed Jing Guogong. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Jiazi (1084) begged for the temple at the age of 64 and named it "Baoning". In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Yichou (1085) was sixty-five years old. In March, Zongshen died and Zhezong (Zhao Xu) ascended the throne. The new law has been abolished. Bing Yin (1086), the first year of Yuan You, died on the sixth day of April at the age of sixty-six.
Edit this paragraph Ceng Gong 10 19- 1083.
brief introduction
Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Known by the world as "Mr. Nanfeng", a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together, and they showed good talent from an early age. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.