Game theory means that in an equal game, two people use each other's strategies to change their confrontation strategies in order to win. The idea of game theory has existed since ancient times. China's ancient works, such as The Art of War, are not only military works, but also the earliest game theory works. At first, game theory mainly studied the winning or losing of chess, bridge and gambling. People's grasp of the game situation only stays in experience and has not developed into theory.

Game theory considers the individual's predictive behavior and actual behavior in the game, and studies their optimization strategies.

Modern research on game theory began with Zemello, Borer and von Neumann.

1928, von Neumann proved the basic principles of game theory, thus announcing the formal birth of game theory. 1944, the epoch-making masterpiece Game Theory and Economic Behavior written by von Neumann and Morgenstein extended the two-player game structure to the n-player game structure, and systematically applied the game theory to the economic field, thus laying the foundation and theoretical system of this discipline.

In 1950 ~ 195 1, John Forbes Nash Jr proved the existence of equilibrium point by using the fixed point theorem, which laid a solid foundation for the popularization of game theory. Nash's groundbreaking papers such as Equilibrium Point of N-person Game (1950) and Non-cooperative Game (195 1) give the concept of Nash equilibrium and the existence theorem of equilibrium. In addition, the research of Reinhard Zelten and John Hasani also promoted the development of game theory. Today, game theory has developed into a relatively perfect discipline.