(1) similarity

① Historical background: All this happened when the world capitalism entered the stage of imperialism, the Qing government was extremely corrupt, and China was facing a serious national crisis.

Objective: To change the status quo, save the country and develop capitalism.

(3) The leadership class and its characteristics: they are all led by the bourgeoisie, and they all have both anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary demands and weak compromises with imperialist and feudal forces.

(4) The final result and its reasons: None can change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature of China. The fundamental reason lies in the limitations of the bourgeoisie itself and its separation from the broad masses of the people.

(2) Difference

Political proposition: the bourgeois reformists who led the Reform Movement of 1898 advocated constitutional monarchy and retained the emperor. The bourgeois revolutionaries who led the Revolution of 1911 advocated overthrowing the imperial system and practicing democracy and harmony.

② Means and nature: The Reform Movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement, which was carried out by the emperor from top to bottom. The Revolution of 1911 was a bottom-up armed struggle and a relatively thorough bourgeois democratic revolution.

③ The result was different: the Reform Movement of 1898 died in the middle, completely failed, and the reform was abolished. After all, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended more than two thousand years of feudal monarchy and established a bourgeois republic, which achieved great success.