[Abstract] Based on American management scientist Mayo's Hawthorne experiment in 1930s and American management scientist William Ozzie's Z theory in 198 1, this paper emphatically analyzes the practical problems existing in management communication of western enterprises, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures according to the actual situation of enterprises. [Keywords:] western enterprises; Management communication; Improvement measures In 1930s, American management scientist Mayo put forward the social man hypothesis through Hawthorne's empirical research, which corrected the prejudice of entrepreneurs that employees in enterprises are only economic animals, and that employees in enterprises are not only economic men, but also social men. In the third stage of "Hawthorne Experiment"-talk research, Mayo found that there is no direct correlation between working conditions and production efficiency, and people's work performance depends not only on personal factors, but also on group members. In fact, this interview provides an opportunity for employees to communicate. 198 1 william ouchi, an American management scientist, put forward Z theory, believing that the success of all enterprises can not be separated from trust, sensitivity and intimacy, so he advocated frankness and openness and implemented democratic management with "communication" as the most basic principle. From the above two theories, we can easily see that communication plays an important role in complex enterprise management and becomes a catalyst and lubricant between managers and managed people. At present, most enterprises in western China do have many problems in the field of organizational communication. How to take effective measures to improve organizational management? The first task is to understand the particularity of western enterprises. First, the geographical environment and economic development of western enterprises. The western part of China includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi 12 provinces and cities, with a total area of about 6.85 million square kilometers, accounting for 7 1.4% of the whole country. In 2004, the GDP was 2,758.55 billion yuan. The western region is rich in resources, with huge market potential and strategic position. However, due to natural, historical and social reasons, the economic development in the western region is relatively backward. 1999 after the central government put forward the strategy of developing the western region, the western economy improved and the economic growth rate accelerated. The gross national product of the western region increased by 8.5%, 8.8%, 10.0%, 165, 438+0.3% and 12% respectively, which were higher than the growth rates in previous years. Great changes have taken place in the industrial structure. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries was adjusted from 22.3∶4 1.5∶36.2 in 2000 to 19.5∶44.4∶36. 1 in 2004. Judging from this structure, the level of economic development has been improved. However, on the whole, the development speed of the secondary industry is still slow, the total industrial scale is small, the development level is low, the competitiveness is insufficient, the advantages of energy resources have not been brought into play, and the processing and manufacturing industry, energy heavy chemical industrialization and resource deep processing industry have yet to be developed. Since the implementation of the western development policy, the investment environment in the western region has been continuously improved, attracting a large number of foreign capital and eastern enterprises to invest in the western region. Western enterprises can make full use of this "late-comer advantage", not only learn from other people's excellent corporate culture, but also introduce modern production technology, production organization and advanced management experience. Second, the problems of management communication in western enterprises (1) the problems of internal management communication in enterprises 1. The phenomenon of leapfrog reporting often occurs in enterprises, which leads to disharmony in internal relations of organizations. In normal work, some employees do not pay attention to or ignore the procedures and regulations of reporting work, and often report their work beyond their level. In this case, there will be cracks in the relationship between employees and their direct supervisors, which will even seriously affect the normal operation of personal work or enterprises, because the direct supervisor is the direct leader of employees, the direct arranger of employees' work and the direct evaluator of work performance. Establishing a good relationship with superiors is not flattering employees, but paying attention to frequent communication with immediate superiors, so that employees can understand their superiors' intention of arranging work as soon as possible, and bosses can accurately grasp their recent work dynamics and emotional changes, which is more conducive to completing their own work and can get twice the result with half the effort. 2. Many western enterprises have the same defect-ignoring the importance of corporate culture. Most business leaders believe that it is not too late to establish corporate culture after the economic foundation of the enterprise is solid, or many enterprises have established the framework of corporate culture from the beginning, but there is no substantive content, and corporate culture is just a flower shelf and decoration. But in fact, some well-known and successful enterprise examples tell us that every enterprise should form its own corporate culture in the early stage of brewing or establishment, and actively publicize these cultures internally and externally, because corporate culture itself exists objectively. In addition, if some new employees do not promote corporate culture when they first come to the company, they will be out of tune with others and affect their personal image and work progress. 3. There is still a serious problem in enterprises, that is, the phenomenon of "position difference psychology", which seriously affects the healthy development of enterprises. The so-called position difference psychology refers to the superior psychology and inferior psychology formed by people's different status. People with superior psychology feel superior because they are one level higher than others, while people with inferior psychology feel inferior because they are one level lower than others. This phenomenon is not only common, but also extremely harmful. Its existence will make every enterprise, every leader and every employee suffer from this bad psychological factor, resulting in different degrees of communication problems. 4. Understand each other's behavior with personal cognitive model. Communication needs two-way communication, and one-way communication cannot achieve effective information exchange and management communication. Although some managers have skills, they can't be objective and rational in dealing with people. When something goes wrong, they don't want to contact employees, and employees stay away from them. These managers only try to explain other people's behavior with their own cognitive models, which hinders the exchange of opinions and emotional transmission between superiors and subordinates and leads to communication failure. 5. Ignore the importance of listening. In the daily management communication of enterprises, managers often ignore the important role of listening. It is precisely because of this phenomenon that managers often misunderstand others' words and will not understand or misunderstand others' intentions. In addition, managers generally believe that listening is a passive choice. In fact, often listening to the opinions and suggestions of subordinates is the key link of effective communication and an important way for managers to get to know their employees. (2) Management communication between the enterprise and the outside 1. As a regional and economic power, China's regional economic development is extremely unbalanced. Western enterprises, in particular, are limited by geographical environment, climatic conditions and knowledge structure. Although the market potential is huge, the scale structure of enterprises is unreasonable, and some managers just blindly follow the trend or build cars behind closed doors, which leads to excessive competition in the market and chaotic market competition order. This fully shows that some managers are slow to communicate with the outside world, fail to grasp the current development situation in time, and treat the development situation of western enterprises in isolation. 2. In the process of establishing corporate image and building brand, western enterprises do not pay attention to highlighting their own characteristics and advantages, but blindly imitate the entrepreneurial road or brand model of other enterprises. Under the special economic environment in the west, this brand not only has no competitive advantage, but also wastes material resources and human resources. They did not "westernize" the advanced management concept properly, but developed western enterprises according to the original management concept and business model, which also led to the slow development progress and unclear characteristics of western enterprises to some extent. Iii. Ways and measures to improve management communication in western enterprises (1) Interpersonal communication 1. Adjust communication mentality and choose the best communication mode. With the rapid development of information network and communication technology in modern society, the ways of communication between people have become diverse and rich. On the surface, communication between people is indeed becoming more and more frequent. In fact, most communication has become superficial behavior driven by social material interests, and its effect can be imagined. "Openness", "self-confidence" and "putting yourself in the shoes" are the communication mentality that most modern enterprise communicators lack. Grasping the communication characteristics of different people through five psychological cognitive systems: visual system, auditory system, tactile system, taste system and olfactory system can greatly improve the efficiency of communication. Therefore, the organizational communicators of modern enterprises should not only do well the procedural information communication of enterprise operation, but also pay attention to the spiritual communication among organization members. 2. Learn to listen. In people's long-term traditional thinking, "communication" is a dynamic process full of "action" and an intentional interactive behavior, but the "static" process of "listening" is often ignored by many communicators. Listening is the core process of communication and the external medium of heart-to-heart communication. Listening can not only stimulate each other's desire to talk, but also promote deeper communication. In addition, only by being good at listening and probing deeply into each other's psychology and his logical thinking about language can we communicate with them better, so as to achieve the purpose of communication. Therefore, an organizer who is good at communication must be an actor who is good at listening. 3. The way to overcome the "position difference psychology" is very simple, such as making an objective evaluation of employees, giving certain material and spiritual rewards to encourage employees, learning from employees and listening to some opinions and suggestions; Management can go deep into the production line and have more substantive exchanges and communication. Enterprises should follow the principles of fairness and justice; Promote trust; Constantly improve the morale of subordinates; Provide quality services to customers; Communicate in time and try to communicate; Only by breaking the superficial perfunctory can communication have practical effects. 4. Strengthen communication with food culture. In the process of interpersonal communication, food often plays the role of goodwill ambassador, which can promote the contact between people. Sharing food together reflects the emotional bond of people sharing weal and woe. Employees have the opportunity to get together and communicate while tasting delicious food, which is a good opportunity to establish good interpersonal relationships in the company. In the process of communication, employees will have a deeper understanding of the enterprise and respect cultural diversity while understanding the cultural background of their colleagues. (2) Enterprises should improve communication channels purposefully according to their own development needs. As a formal way of communication, meetings are indispensable in management communication. For managers, organizing effective meetings will have a great impact on improving management communication. Regular meetings are necessary. Only in this way can we discuss and reach an agreement on important issues and promote the development of the company. How to make the meeting effective? In order to hold the meeting smoothly, we must first make good preparations for the meeting in accordance with the organizational spirit and purpose of the meeting, make clear every topic that the participants may involve, hold the meeting on time and end the meeting on time. After the meeting, sort out the effective minutes of the meeting, list the action table, and blame the people. Only in this way can this meeting be called effective communication. 2. With the progress of social science and technology, electronic network technology has also been introduced into the field of organizational communication, which is a revolution and leap in the field of organizational communication. Electronic network has greatly improved the efficiency of organizational communication because of its fast and accurate characteristics. In addition, people in the company can choose to publish information on BBS of local area network to discuss professional issues; You can also send an email to your boss for advice; Even files can be transmitted without leaving the seat, and the multimedia support of audio and video enables colleagues in different places to successfully create a discussion mode of learning organizations. 3. Enterprises should also pay attention to the establishment of management communication feedback mechanism. The establishment of feedback mechanism should start from the sender of information. In addition, the information sender should also carefully observe each other's reactions or actions to indirectly obtain feedback information. Because feedback can be intentional or unintentional, the expressions of shock and excitement unconsciously revealed by the information receiver are all important parts of feedback information. As recipients of information, they are actually in the main position in communication and feedback. However, due to the power deterrence of information senders (usually superior managers), they often cannot make objective and accurate information feedback, which requires the recipients to correct their communication mentality and treat information communication, especially information feedback, with a realistic attitude. The sender of information should also take the initiative to accept the feedback from the receiver, so that organizational communication can become a real two-way communication. In the process of forming a characteristic economic system in the western region, we must persist in taking enterprises as the main body and taking the market as the guidance, break down local barriers and realize rapid economic development. As a manager of a western enterprise, we must pay attention to creating a harmonious and pleasant atmosphere in the process of promoting enterprise unity and cooperation. Whether in internal or external management communication, we should encourage open communication and build a harmonious corporate culture. Only in this way can the management communication of enterprises be improved and the true meaning of communication art be understood. References: [1] Bai Gang, Shi Weimin. China's policy analysis [M]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2006. [2] Li. Perfect communication [M]. Beijing: China Times Economic Press, 2005.