Nowadays, people often see papers, which can promote experience and exchange understanding. I believe many people will find it difficult to write a paper. The following is my carefully arranged paper on Du Fu's "Poetry History". Welcome everyone to learn from it, I hope it will help you.

Paper Keywords:

On the History of Poetry: Du Fu's Poems Meng Rong Song Hu Qi Yu Zong

abstract:

Meng Rong first proposed that Du Fu's poems are "the history of poetry". In his view, the poems written by Du Fu when he was demoted to Longshu during the Anshi Rebellion fully reflected Du Fu's life, feelings and social reality at that time, and were "the history of poetry". Song Qi thinks that Du Fu's regular poems are good at stating current events, paying attention to discipline and verve, which is a "history of poetry". Hu believes that Du Fu's poetry is a "history of poetry", which combines lyric and narrative, shows the unity of individuals and reflects the times. Du Fu's view of "poetic history" was basically established in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Du Fu's poems have always been called "the history of poetry", but there are different opinions about what Du Fu's poems are. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to trace the origin of Du Fu's "poetic history" theory. It is said that Du Fu's poems began in the late Tang Dynasty, changed from Song Qi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and became Hu in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is considered that the poems written by Du Fu who was demoted to Longshu during the Anshi Rebellion are "the history of poetry", which fully shows Du Fu's life at this time and reflects the social reality at that time. Song Qi believes that Du Fu's regular poems are good at stating current events, with delicate rhythm and grand spirit, which is a "history of poetry"; Hu believes that the combination of lyricism and narration in Du Fu's poems is a "history of poetry", which shows the unity of individuals and reflects the times. It is stipulated that "the history of poetry" is divorced from the background, Song Qi defines the poetry category of "the history of poetry", and Hu sublates the two schools to reveal the connotation of "the history of poetry". At this point, Du Fu's theory of "history of poetry" was basically established.

"History of Poetry" was originally two words, referring to the poetry creation and historical records of predecessors, not one word, not Du Fu's poems. The Biography of Xie Lingyun in the Song Dynasty said: "As for the ancient scholar system, it satirizes the high calendar reward, builds a imperial edict to Beijing, the chapter of Zhong Xuan Ba 'an, and the chapter of amethyst zero rain, which is a long sentence of the north wind, expressing the feelings in the chest directly, not the history of poetry, and adopts high style based on the rhyme and rhyme of regular poetry.

As a word, Du Fu's poems began in Meng Jia. Meng Jia said: "Du was in trouble in the mountains. He moved to Dragon Tree. When he finished his poems, he was pushed to seclusion, and almost nothing happened. So it was called the history of poetry at that time.

According to the existing literature, calling Du Fu's poems a "history of poetry" began with Meng Jia O Ma Maoyuan's statement: "Calling Du Fu's poems a history of poetry was first seen in Ye Meng's" Records of Arts and Literature "in the late Tang Dynasty." "From the sentence" The topic at that time was the history of poetry ",it seems that the term" the history of poetry "already existed in Du Fu's era, even if it was not in Du Fu's era, it should be before yemeng. But as far as we can see, in the Records of the Tang Dynasty, there is no other place to mention the history of poetry except the Poetry of Skills. "

Meng Zhang called Du Fu's poems "the history of poetry". Not all his poems are "the history of poetry", but some of his poems. Meng Zhang thinks that the poems written by Du Fu at this time are "the history of poetry", but the poems written at other times and places are not. The writing background of "History of Poetry" is that the poems outside the An Shi Rebellion are not "History of Poetry", or the poems written during the An Shi Rebellion are not poems written by Qianlong and Shushi. Yemeng's theory of "the history of poetry" strictly limits the scope of Du Fu's poetry.

Yemeng strictly defined the writing background of The History of Poetry and clearly defined its content. In his view, the poems written by Du Fu during the Anshi Rebellion and the exile in Gansu and Sichuan fully reflected his life during the Anshi Rebellion and the exile in Gansu and Sichuan, and expressed his feelings without any major omissions. The History of Poetry is a comprehensive expression of Du Fu's miserable life in difficult times, and it is also a natural expression of his feelings. Through his poems, we can also understand his times. Such as Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems, Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night, Seven Poems of Yuan Qu Living in Bronze Drum, The Two Sides of the Yellow River Recovered by Imperial Army, Sending Six Servants to the Court, and Sending Five Poems before Gong Zheng went to Chengdu Caotang, etc., which not only reflected Du Fu's personal life and feelings when he left his hometown during the Anshi Rebellion, but also reflected the social turmoil at that time. The poems written by Du Fu during the Anshi Rebellion and the exile of Gansu and Sichuan expressed Du Fu himself and also reflected that era. Such a poem is a "history of poetry".

According to yemeng's History of Poetry, many of Du Fu's poems are not "History of Poetry". For example, the poem "Car Shop" and "Reciting 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian" before the An Shi Rebellion broke out; After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Du Fu wrote poems "Sad for Chen Tao", "Ai Jiangtou" and "Two Poems of Qujiang" in Chang 'an, "Northern Expedition" and "Three Poems of Qiang Village" in Xiezhou, and "Washing Military Forces" in Luoyang. There are also poems written after the Anshi Rebellion subsided, such as Relieving boredom, Walking in the Horizon, Five Works on the Way to Send Gong Zheng to Chengdu Caotang, Caotang, Topic Peach Tree, Climbing the Building, Fermented Bean Curd, Reminiscence of the Past, Three Unique Houses, Travel in the Past, etc. There are even poems written while living in Chengdu, such as Shuxiang, Song of Wang Zai's Landscape Paintings, Neighborhood, Madman, Jiangcun, Wild Old Man, Farewell, Guests Arrive, Nine Songs, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage. The Northern Expedition is a self-report of the poet's life and heart, and also a portrayal of the times and society. The fate of an individual is closely related to the fate of the country and the people. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" such as "Yan Guanli" and "Wedding Farewell" were what Du Fu saw and heard on his way from Luoyang to Huazhou in the winter of the first year of Gan Yuan. The "three quatrains" are highly realistic and can be said to be the "three officials" and "three parting" in quatrains. This kind of poem was not written by Du Fu during the rebellion and exile in Gansu and Sichuan, and it is naturally not the "history of poetry" as yemeng said. However, these poems have a strong "poetic history" nature. For example, "Yuzhou killed the history of assassination the year before, and Kaizhou killed the history of assassination this year. Thieves play with tigers and wolves, and cannibals prefer to keep their wives. Twenty-one people went to Shu, and only one left Luogu. When they said that two women were biting their arms, they turned and cried to Qin Yun. Although the military forces in front of the temple are Xiao Xiong, they are slightly different from the Qiang people. It is said that most of the officers and men in the Hanshui River are women. " ("Three quatrains") "Kuizhou is a virgin with half a flower, and 450 has no husband's family. What's more, I didn't sell it when I got married, and I hated it for a long time. " ("negative salary"). "It is better to give an army to Ma Yi, and one thousand people have hundreds of deposits today. Mourn the death of the widow, where is Yuan Qiu? " (Bai Di) yemeng's theory of "the history of poetry" does not include the poems written by Du Fu before and after the Anshi Rebellion, and the scope is so narrow.

Yemeng's "History of Poetry" theory emphasizes that Du Fu's poems are first and foremost the expression of Du Fu's own sufferings and painful feelings, so it especially emphasizes the turbulent background of his writing and his miserable personal life. Yemeng made an indelible contribution to the theory of "the history of poetry". He creatively linked the History of Poetry with Du Fu's poems, giving them new understanding and new meaning. Yemeng laid a theoretical foundation for Du Fu's "poetic history" theory with the background of An Shi Rebellion and An Shi Rebellion, and the "poetic history" theory of contemporary Du Fu's poetry basically developed in his direction. For example, the History of China Literature, edited by Yuan Xingxu, said: "Du Fu used his poems to write important events and people's sufferings in the war, and showed a broad picture of the whole social life in the war with a profound and vivid image. His poems are called the history of poetry by later generations.

Because of its extension, yemeng's History of Poetry was revised in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are two revisions, one is Song Qi and the other is Hu. Song Qi thinks that Du Fu's regular poems are "poetic history", and Hu thinks that all Du Fu's poems are "poetic history". Song Qi's revision changed from the background restriction of the old theory of "the history of poetry" to the genre restriction, while Hu canceled all the restrictions, and the scope was too large to highlight the significance of the An Shi Rebellion to Du Fu's poetry.

Song Qi said: "Fu is good at talking about current events, and his method is profound, so he can't talk much, which is called" History of Poetry ". Song Qi thinks that Du Fu's poems are "the history of poetry", because they are "eloquent about current affairs", which is full of rhythm and great verve. Song Qi's so-called "poetic history" refers to Du Fu's regular poems. Song Qi defined the poetic style of The History of Poetry as a regular poem, which is an innovation. Before the Song and Qi Dynasties, although everyone praised Du Fu's metrical poems, no one associated it with "the history of poetry". Among Du Fu's 1400 poems, there are about 9 10 rhythmic poems, 4 14 ancient poems and 127 quatrains. There are many laws and poems, and the achievements are high. Comparing Li Bai and Du Fu, he said, "When I look at their majestic posture, leaving aside my constraints, writing images and Yuefu poems is not as beautiful as my son's. In the end, the story layout, mostly rhymes, big or thousands of words, hundreds of times. The words are heroic, the wind is clear and the air is deep, and the near law abandons everything. Then Li Shang can't pass his Fan Han, and the situation is very impressive! Yuan Qi was invited by Du Fu's grandson, DUZH, to write an inscription for Du Fu's grave, which was inevitably praised. However, Liu Xiang said, "Since then, those who belong to the literature should take chess theory as the right one." Bai Juyi's "Nine Books with the Same Yuan" also said: "As for the appearance that runs through today, it is too Li. To be sure, Du Fu's metrical poems have been very popular from Yuan Qi to Liu Xiang. Yuan Qi and Liu Xiang spoke highly of Du Fu's rhythmic poems, mostly affirming his artistic skills such as antithesis and temperament, but rarely linking Du Fu's rhythmic poems with reflecting reality. In contrast, when it comes to Du Fu's ancient poems, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi often praise them as masterpieces reflecting realistic characteristics. Yuan Qi's Preface to Ancient Yuefu said: "Only Du Fu was a poet in modern times, such as Sad for Chen Tao, Mourning for the Head of a General, Warrior, Beauty and so on. Besides, everything he sings is very famous, so there is no need to rely on it any more. When I was young, my friends Lotte and Gong Li and I hung up on my generation, saying it was justified. Praise the perfection of Du Fu's metrical poem, not its content; Praise Du Fu's ancient poems, but talk less about his art. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's praise for the two genres of poems was different.

Song Qi thinks that Du Fu's regular poems are "good at telling current events". Du Fu's rhythmic poems are good at telling current events in two aspects, one is "profound method" and the other is "a thousand words fail many times". This is a new understanding of Du Fu's rhythmic poetry and a new interpretation of the theory of "the history of poetry". The so-called "profound rhythm" means that the confrontation is neat and harmonious. Take the seven-character poem as an example. Two Poems on Qujiang, Five Poems on Generals, Eight Poems on Autumn Prosperity, Five Poems on Missing Historic Sites, Night in the Pavilion, Ascending the Mountain, Showing Wu Lang, etc. The antithesis is very precise and the melody is very complicated, reaching the realm of arbitrary and omnipotent. For example, "wine debts are common, and life is seventy years old" (under Qujiang). "Butterflies cross the Gorge, and the dragonflies fly slowly" (the second part of Qujiang), "Stark sings the bugle at five o'clock, and the Milky Way sky crosses the three mountains" (the night between pavilions), "The waves in the river surge with the sky, and the clouds are grounded in the shade" (the first part of autumn), "Leaves fall like waterfall foam, but I watch the long river always roll forward" (up the mountain) and "From the source to the temple" "fragrant rice pecks parrot food, and the old phoenix sticks to green trees" are linked together. Parrot and phoenix are placed behind, with the same flat tone, amazing language and neglected image, killing two birds with one stone. The so-called "a thousand words fail a lot" means that Du Fu's arrangement structure is rigorous and grand. Such as Twelve Rhymes of Ruyang Wang, Twelve Rhymes of Wei Zuoji, Twenty Rhymes of Jingzhao Qingxin, Twenty Rhymes of Song Shu Kai Fu Han, etc. Most of them are large-scale works with 20 rhymes, which are not only rigorous in meter, exquisite in antithesis and elegant in dictionary, but also compact in structure and grand in scale, especially in autumn, full of love.

In a word, "Du Fu is an all-rounder in rhythmic poetry, and he is the first hand in the Tang Dynasty regardless of the five laws, seven laws and arrangement laws."

There is no doubt that Du Fu's rhythmic poems are exquisite in art, and many of them are well-known and reflect current events. Twenty Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems not only pays attention to the present situation and destiny of the country, but also gives people a profound life experience. The story of climbing Yueyang Tower not only describes the poet's situation when he is about to die of old age, but also describes the Li people who are still in war. "The two banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army" wrote the news of the victory in quelling the Anshi Rebellion, and also wrote the ecstasy of the poet and his wife. Farewell, Climbing the Building, Wild Hope and Book of Reading are full of worries about the current situation, gnawing at one's own life experience, strong feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and wandering life experience. For example, "Wen He and Yangjiang are near victory, and Situ is in a hurry to break the secluded swallow" (Farewell), "Flowers are as high as my window, which hurts the wanderer's heart. For me, from this high commanding height, I feel sad everywhere" (Ascending the Building), "I have no hope now except the ills of old age, and my use to the country is less than a speck of dust" (Wild Hope). The book "Sleeping on a Pillow for 36 Rhymes to Friends and Relatives in Hunan" shows that it has reached the end of the road, and also shows the fate of the country and the people: "The breadth of faith is the depth of struggle." Song Qi's theory of "the history of poetry" is beyond doubt! "Many of Du Fu's famous five-character poems and seven-character poems closely combine natural scenery and personal experiences with the disasters of the times." In Du Fu's lyric poems about scenery, this close combination of emotion, scenery and events is very rich and varied, and in his later years, his artistic achievements in this field are greater, such as five-character poems, such as guest pavilion, riverside, Jianghan, and seven-character poems, such as climbing the building, fermented bean curd, pavilion night and autumn.

In other genres of poetry, Du Fu is also famous for his stories and is good at telling current events. Three Officials and Three Farewells, the Northern Expedition, going from Beijing to Fengxian to pay homage to 500 words, Chedian, Ergong Road and Qiang Village reflect the current situation and war in time, which cannot be excluded from the History of Poetry. For example, Hu Xiaoshi said "The Northern Expedition": "The rhyme at the end of the text is related to An Lushan's self-proclaimed soldier, the throne of the prince, and the Zen of Xuanzong; It is also predicted that in the future, the kindness of Su Xuan and his son will not end, and the lack of feudal ethics will turn to its fable purpose. The special meaning is too simple to elaborate. Say "Qiang Village": "Although the space is short, the chaos in the last years of Tianbao and the sufferings of the people are all between the lines. More than one person expressed his anger.

Song Qi defined the scope of "poetic history" from the perspective of poetic style, affirmed the value of "poetic history" of regular poetry, but neglected the value of "poetic history" of ancient poetry, which caused serious problems.

Hu limited the scope of "history of poetry" in view of Meng Song's theory, and put forward his own theory of "history of poetry". He said: "When a bachelor doctor sees a poem and reads it, it is called the history of poetry.

Hu believes that Du Fu's poems fully express his personal life and feelings, and his life experience, pain, sadness, emotions, loyalty, anger, kindness, goodness and evil are all found in his poems. It also reflects that era, and you will know its world when you look at it. Therefore, the bachelor's degree and doctor's degree consider it as "the history of poetry". Hu firmly grasped the comprehensiveness, lyricism and sociality of Du Fu's poems, which is a perfect exposition of Meng Chai's theory of "the history of poetry". Hu believes that the narrative and lyricism of Du Fu's poems are integrated, and his feelings, such as origin, experience, sadness, loyalty, anger, kindness, love and evil, are not only his own private affairs, secret feelings, but also the reappearance of current events and people's feelings. Therefore, it is meaningful, exciting and thought-provoking, far from historical records. This is a history with artistic beauty. This understanding is accepted by contemporary scholars. Ma Maoyuan said: "The major problems exposed in troubled times have become the main content of most of Du Fu's poems. He has a wide range of observations and profound understanding. He can express his observations and understanding in poetry with a high degree of artistic skills. " "It is for this reason that Du Shi won the title of poetry history recognized by people for thousands of years." "Du Fu's poems reflect the deeds of Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong and people's lives, but also penetrate the author's thoughts and feelings, making people feel the vitality of the poet's temperament between the lines.

Hu did not mechanically define the scope of Du Fu's "poetic history" as Meng Cha and Song Qi did. In his view, all Du Fu's poems show Du Fu's life and express his feelings. "Reading them can tell his world" is a "history of poetry". No matter the genre or the background, its scope is far wider than that of Monza and Song Qi. Contemporary scholars have no distinction between poetic styles. Ma Maoyuan said that Du Fu's ancient poems are the same as his regular poems: "His poems, especially long poems, are full of lyrical elements. At the same time, his landscape poems and lyric poems (mostly modern poems) are often related to current events. These two kinds of poems are the most important parts of his poetry collection, accounting for a large proportion in quantity and quality; In other words, these poems spread through the ages, touched countless readers in later generations, and made Du Fu's poems have the title of poetic history.

However, Hu's theory of Du Fu's poetry "history of poetry" does not specifically limit the writing background, which is quite different from the current theory of Du Fu's poetry "history of poetry". The present "poetic history" theory of Du Fu's poems, though not limited to the writing background of poems, focuses on the background significance of An Shi Rebellion, highlighting the chaotic color imprinted by Du Fu's poems. Zhang Heluo said that Du Fu's poems are "elegies divorced from the times" and that "Du Fu is not only an observer and recorder of an era, but his own experiences are intertwined with contemporary sufferings".

The theory of "the history of poetry" in Du Fu's poems was put forward by Meng Cha, and some poems with the nature of "the history of poetry" were excluded from the "history of poetry" because of the narrow provisions on the writing background. Song Qi denied Mancha's theory of "history of poetry" and revised the scope of "history of poetry", but it went from one extreme to the other. Hu not only denied Song Qi, but also sublated Meng Chai and put forward a new theory of "the history of poetry". Hu's new view of "history of poetry" is perfect if it can highlight the significance of the An Shi Rebellion to Du Fu's poetry creation.

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Du fu's famous sentences

1, once you climb to the top, you will see that all the other mountains are short in the sky ... Wang Yue.

Wan didn't starve to death, but the Confucian crown made a mistake. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes

3, reading thousands of books, writing like a god. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes

A strong bow and a long sword. Shooters should shoot horses, and leaders should catch their leaders. The first nine frontier poems

5, Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones. "From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words"

6. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. What spring looks like.

7. After three months of war, a piece of news from hometown is worth a ton of gold. What spring looks like.

8. It is a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and I will meet you in the falling season. Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river.

9. I have heard of Dongting Lake, and now I have finally climbed to this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. Climbing Yueyang Tower

10, in the sharp wind from the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds fly home on the clear lake and white beach. Climb the balcony

1 1, the leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward. Climb the balcony

12, I came from three thousand miles away. With the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. Climb the balcony

13, Stark sounded the fifth watch, challenged the drum and the horn, and the stars and Tianhe pulsated over the three mountains. Night at the pavilion

14, Cong Ju shed tears again, and the lonely boat is the heart of hometown. Eight Poems of Qiu Xing

15, the stars leaned down from the open space, and the moon came running towards the river. Express one's feelings at night

16, be loyal to your art, you don't know your age, let wealth and reputation drift like a cloud. Dan Qing presented it to General Cao Ba.

17, two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying into the sky. Four quatrains (the third)

18, it's getting late, the spring breeze is beautiful, the flowers and plants are fragrant. Two quatrains (Part I)

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army.

20. The name of the second grass is destroyed, and the rivers are abandoned forever. The script is six quatrains.

2 1, butterflies dance from time to time, and the charming warbler just crows. Seven quatrains on finding flowers in one step by the river (6)

22, this song should only be in the sky, and the world can listen to it several times. A gift for Hua Qing

23. There are thousands of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain. The autumn wind broke the hut.

24, drizzle fish out, breeze swallows oblique. "Two Poems with Warm Hearts on the Waterfront (Part One)"

25, sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.

26. My road is covered with petals-I haven't cleaned it for others, and my thatched cottage door has been closed-but it's open for you now. Guest arrival

27. Come to Liang by yourself and have a blind date with the seagulls in the water. Jiangcun village

28. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. Shu Xiang

29. But before he could conquer, he died, so long that the hero's eyes filled with tears. Shu Xiang

He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! . Think of my brothers on a moonlit night.

3 1, our capital is full of nosy people, but you are lonely and helpless. Li Bai's two dreams

32. The clouds that float across the sky all day may be like a wanderer and never come back. Li Bai's two dreams

He can only see the smile of his new love, but he can't hear the cry of his old love. beauty

34, Wan Li to levy, bonfire was mound. Say goodbye to the old

35, see through the butterfly, some water flies slowly.

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