Civil engineering is the general name of science and technology for building various engineering facilities. Refers to the application of materials, equipment and technical activities such as survey, design, construction and maintenance; It also refers to the object of engineering construction, that is, all kinds of engineering facilities built on the ground or underground, on land or in water, which directly or indirectly serve human life, production, military affairs and scientific research, such as houses, roads, railways, transportation pipelines, tunnels, bridges, canals, dams, ports, power stations, airports, offshore platforms, water supply and drainage, protection projects, etc.

[2] This major studies the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical mechanics and municipal engineering. It mainly trains high-level engineering talents who are engaged in technical work and research work such as planning, survey, design, construction and maintenance of railways, highways, airports and houses, bridges, tunnels and underground projects. Graduates can engage in the teaching, design and research of structural mechanics in universities, design departments and scientific research units.

Can also be engaged in technical work in management, operation, construction, real estate development and other departments.

First, the professional basic situation

1, training objectives This major cultivates and grasps the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical mechanics and municipal engineering, and has the ability to engage in project planning, design, research and development, construction and management of civil engineering, and can engage in technical or technological work in the design, research, construction, education, management, investment and development departments of housing construction, underground construction, tunnels, roads, bridges and mines. 2. Training requires this major to master the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical mechanics and municipal engineering, have the ability to engage in the planning, design, research and development, construction and management of civil engineering projects, and be able to engage in technical or managerial work in the design, research, construction, education, management, investment and development departments of housing construction, underground construction, tunnels, roads, bridges and mines. Students majoring in this major mainly study the basic theories of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical mechanics and municipal engineering, train in course design, experimental instrument operation and field practice, and have the basic ability to engage in civil engineering planning, design, research, construction and management. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities: ◆ Have a solid foundation in natural science and understand the main aspects and application prospects of contemporary science and technology; Master the basic theories of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics and geotechnical mechanics, master the basic knowledge of engineering planning and selection, engineering materials, structural analysis and design, foundation treatment, and master the basic technologies of construction machinery, electrician, engineering measurement and test, construction technology and organization; Have the basic ability of engineering drawing, computer application, the use of main tests and test instruments, and the preliminary ability of comprehensively using various means (including foreign language tools) to query data and obtain information; ◆ Understand the main laws and regulations of civil engineering; Have the preliminary ability of engineering design, test, construction, management and research. 3. The main disciplines are mechanics, civil engineering and hydraulic engineering. 4. The main courses include material mechanics, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, soil mechanics, building materials, concrete structure and steel structure, building structure, bridge structure, underground structure, road survey and design, subgrade and pavement structure, construction technology and management. 5. Practical teaching includes cognitive practice, surveying practice, engineering geology practice, professional practice or production practice, structural course design, graduation design or graduation thesis, etc. 6. The research period is 4 years. 7. Degree: Bachelor of Engineering. 8, the original professional mine construction, construction engineering, urban construction (part), civil engineering, traffic civil engineering, industrial equipment installation engineering, hotel engineering, foreign-related construction engineering.

Second, the professional comprehensive introduction

Civil engineering is very special and systematic. Because the structures designed and built by civil engineers are almost unique, it is impossible to have two identical buildings. Although some buildings look the same, the site conditions (foundation, wind load, earthquake load, etc. ) The buildings are different. Large buildings such as dams, bridges or tunnels are completely different from each other. Therefore, civil engineers should be ready to deal with new and complicated situations at any time. At the same time, there are many related factors to be considered in the project, and any negligence in the design will lead to the failure of the project. On the other hand, with the development and perfection of computer technology, the calculation work in civil engineering construction becomes more and more convenient and fast. Therefore, it is no problem for any science student who is interested in engineering to apply for civil engineering, especially those who consider the problem comprehensively and systematically. Choosing to study civil engineering can give full play to their personal talents. From the market demand, China's infrastructure construction is in the ascendant, and long-span structures and super-high-rise projects have been established. This situation will not change much in the next few decades. This requires a large number of high-quality architectural talents to participate. At the same time, China's current construction management level is very backward, and a group of talents who can improve the construction management level are urgently needed. Take real estate as an example. At present, real estate is extremely hot, but the training of professionals has just started, and senior talents in this area are still rare in the market. In terms of going abroad, there is still a distance compared with electronics and computers. In fact, the prospect of domestic construction industry is bright at present, so it is good and practical to consider staying in this industry in China. With the expansion of civil engineering scale, and the subsequent development of construction tools, equipment and machinery to a variety, automation and large-scale, construction is becoming more and more mechanized and automated. At the same time, organization and management began to apply the theory and method of system engineering, which became more and more scientific. The construction of some engineering facilities continues to tend to the standardization of structures and components and the industrialization of production. This can not only reduce the cost, shorten the construction period, improve labor productivity, but also solve the construction problems under special conditions, thus building projects that were difficult to construct in the past. The major of civil engineering is a discipline that studies, designs and builds industrial and civil buildings, tunnels and underground buildings, highways and urban roads, bridges and other engineering facilities by using basic scientific knowledge such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer information science, technical scientific knowledge such as mechanics and materials, and corresponding engineering technical knowledge. Training objectives: this major trains students to have solid basic knowledge of natural science such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer technology, and master the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics and geotechnical mechanics; Master the basic knowledge and methods of engineering planning and selection, engineering materials, engineering survey, descriptive geometry and engineering drawing, structural analysis and design, basic engineering and foundation treatment, modern construction technology of civil engineering, engineering inspection and test. Understand the basic principles and methods of engineering disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as the basic knowledge of construction equipment and civil engineering machinery. Have the ability to comprehensively use various means to query and obtain information; Having the ability to conduct civil engineering survey and design economically, reasonably, safely and reliably; Have the preliminary ability to solve construction technical problems, prepare construction organization design, carry out project management and engineering economic analysis; Have the preliminary ability to carry out engineering inspection and reliability evaluation of engineering quality; Have the preliminary ability to apply computer to aided design and management; Have the initial ability to engage in scientific research, technological innovation and technological development in the field of civil engineering. Become a senior engineer who can engage in technical or management work in the design, construction, management, consultation, supervision, research, education, investment and development departments of housing construction, tunnels and underground buildings, highways and urban roads and bridges. Main courses: engineering mathematics, civil engineering survey, civil engineering materials, descriptive geometry and engineering drawing, material mechanics, structural mechanics, elasticity mechanics, fluid mechanics, soil mechanics, concrete structure design principles, steel structure design principles, bridge engineering, road survey and design, subgrade and pavement engineering, civil engineering construction and organization, civil engineering professional English, etc. Graduation destination: I can engage in technical and management work in construction functional departments of government agencies, infrastructure management departments of government agencies, industrial and mining enterprises and institutions, architectural and municipal engineering design institutes, civil engineering research institutes, construction enterprises such as buildings, highways and bridges, engineering quality supervision stations, engineering construction supervision departments, public works maintenance departments of railway bureaus, real estate companies, engineering cost consulting institutions, banks and investment consulting institutions. Or you can get a master's degree in structural engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation and protection engineering, road and railway engineering, bridge and tunnel engineering, geotechnical engineering, engineering mechanics and other disciplines; Or obtain the qualifications of registered structural engineer, registered architect, registered civil engineer, registered supervision engineer and registered cost engineer in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Edit this paragraph to apply for foreign civil engineering professional analysis.

This major has relatively loose background requirements for applicants. After GRE and TOEFL scores reach the school's hard standards, professional research background is the key to determine the success or failure of the application. Professors in schools usually do projects. Of course, it is hoped that the applicant will have some research experience in order to be helpful in the laboratory in the future. Relevant work experience and research experience play an important role in the application. But the work experience should match the major you are applying for. Generally speaking, the application for civil engineering is not the most difficult in engineering, but it is not easy to enter a prestigious school because there are a large number of applicants with work experience to join the competition. Therefore, in addition to keeping the hardware conditions such as GPA, TOEFL and GRE up to standard as much as possible, it is best for applicants to determine their own direction at least one year before applying, make their own plans in advance, improve their internship or scientific research background, or enhance their soft background by participating in professional activities such as structural competitions. [3]

Edit this paragraph to analyze the employment direction.

With the continuous warming of urban construction and highway construction, the employment situation of civil engineering specialty has been rising continuously in recent years. It is not difficult for most graduates to find jobs. However, the employment prospect of civil engineering specialty is closely related to the national policy and the direction of economic development. In recent years, the industry salary level shows a trend that management is higher than technology, and the shift from technology to management has become an inevitable bottleneck in the career of many civil engineering graduates. How to prepare for the future in college and find a suitable career development direction? Wood-soil engineering can be divided into two different directions: road and bridge engineering and construction engineering. In the career, the positions in these two directions have both general unity and specific differences in details. Generally speaking, the main employment directions of civil engineering majors are as follows:

Engineering technology direction

Representative posts: builder, constructor, structural engineer, technical manager, project manager, etc. Representative industries: construction enterprises, real estate development enterprises, road and bridge construction enterprises, etc. Employment prospects: Just as we see the high-rise buildings around us constantly rising, the wide and flat roads constantly extending in all directions, the demand for engineering and technical talents in the civil construction industry is also growing. In 2004, enterprises that entered various talent markets to recruit engineering and technical personnel involved 100 industries, among which the demand for talents in housing and civil engineering and construction industries has jumped to the top of talent markets in many cities. With the deepening of economic development, road network transformation and urban infrastructure construction, the demand for civil engineering technicians will continue to rise at present and in the future. Coupled with the upgrading of roads and bridges and urban infrastructure, as long as the talent market is not over-saturated, it can be said that the employment prospects of civil engineering technicians have been very good. Typical career paths: builder/technician-engineer/foreman, bid leader-technical manager-project manager/chief engineer. Annual salary reference: builder/technician: 30,000 ~ 50,000 yuan; Head waiter: 40,000 ~ 60,000 yuan; Technical quality management manager: 50,000 ~ 6,543.8+10,000 yuan; Project manager: 6,543,800+10,000 ~ 200,000 yuan; Experts from the Civil Employment Network suggest that with the continuous improvement of China's qualification certification system, engineers and technicians in the civil engineering industry not only need to be proficient in professional knowledge and technology, but also need to obtain necessary qualification certificates. Relevant professional qualifications of engineering and technical personnel mainly include national first-class and second-class registered architects, national registered civil engineers and national first-class and second-class registered structural engineers. It should be noted that these professional qualifications require a certain number of years of relevant work experience before they can apply. Therefore, graduates majoring in civil engineering should pay attention to the update of knowledge structure and apply for relevant professional qualifications as soon as possible even after they take up their jobs. College students who want to engage in engineering and technical work can choose construction site survey, construction materials, geotechnical engineering, subgrade, pavement, and construction and survey of small bridges and culverts in road and bridge sections during their internship.

Design, planning and budget direction

Representative positions: project designer, structural audit, urban planner, budget officer, budget engineer, etc. Representative industries: engineering survey and design units, real estate development enterprises, functional departments of transportation or municipal engineering organs, engineering cost consulting institutions, etc. Employment prospects: In recent years, the demand for engineering designers from various survey and design institutes has been increasing. As a new profession, urban planning needs more modern design and planning talents with the deepening of urban construction. With the rise of consulting industry, consulting service personnel in construction industry such as engineering budget and final accounts have also become new employment growth points in civil engineering industry. Typical career path: budgeter-budget engineer-senior consultant. Annual salary reference: budget officer:1.5,000 ~ 30,000 yuan; Budget engineer: 25,000 ~ 60,000 yuan; Urban planner: 40,000 ~ 70,000 yuan; Architect: 40,000 ~ 65,438+10,000 yuan; Chief architect: more than 250,000 yuan. Expert advice: This kind of position requires not only professional knowledge, but also sufficient overall situation and work experience. Generally speaking, his salary is in direct proportion to his work experience. Taking architects as an example, modern architecture also requires environmental protection and sustainable development, which requires architects to have a solid foundation and rich experience and be good at learning and understanding in practice. At present, most architectural design talents in the market require more than 5 years of work experience, have the first-class registered architect qualification, and have served as designers of large-scale residential or architectural projects. This kind of post also needs to obtain the corresponding qualification certificate. For example, a builder needs to pass the professional qualification examination organized by the state to obtain the Certificate of Certified Architect before he can take up his post, and a budget engineer needs to obtain the qualification of certified cost engineer or budget engineer. In addition, to engage in this kind of occupation, we need to strengthen our self-cultivation, for example, we need to be familiar with computer operation and maintenance, skillfully use CAD to draw various engineering drawings, and use P3 to prepare construction and production plans. Some positions, such as architectural designers, need to have a deep understanding of anthropology, aesthetics, history, and the essence of architecture in different times and countries, and be able to master and forge their own design styles. All these need to accumulate their own cultural details from the student days. During the internship, try to choose some related units and positions, such as real estate appraisal, engineering budget, engineering drawing, etc.

Direction of quality supervision and engineering supervision

Representative position: supervision engineer represents industries: construction, road and bridge supervision company, and engineering quality inspection and supervision department. Employment prospect: Engineering supervision is a new profession in recent years. With the increasingly standardized quality supervision of buildings and road and bridge construction in China, the supervision industry has faced unprecedented development opportunities since its birth. With the improvement of the national engineering supervision system, the supervision industry has a broader development space. Typical career path: supervisor-documenter-direct project leader-professional supervision engineer-chief supervision engineer. Annual salary reference: site supervisor:1.8,000 ~ 25,000 yuan; Direct person in charge of the project: 25,000 ~ 40,000 yuan; Professional supervision engineer: 30,000 ~ 50,000 yuan; Chief supervision engineer: 40,000 ~ 80,000 yuan. Expert advice: The supervision industry is a new industry, so it is also an industry closely integrated with the qualification system, and the promotion of positions is closely related to the acquisition of personal qualifications. Generally speaking, supervision needs to obtain a provincial supervision license, and the project leader needs to obtain a provincial supervision engineer or supervision license, with rich work experience and strong work ability. Professional supervision engineer shall obtain the qualification certificate of provincial supervision engineer, and the chief supervision engineer shall obtain the professional qualification certificate of national registered supervision engineer. Students majoring in civil engineering want to enter this industry. During school, you can participate in the supervision training courses organized by the provincial highway system and construction system, and obtain the supervision post certificate after passing the examination, and then obtain the corresponding level of practice qualification certificate with the increase of work experience. During the internship, you can choose a supervision company that is consistent with your own direction, such as road and bridge, building direction, etc. And engaged in on-site supervision, measurement and data management. (Expert advice: The project supervisor is in an awkward position. If you can choose the direction of construction and budget, try to avoid the profession of supervision. )

Engineering maintenance direction

Representative position: Engineer of rail transit and railway public works department, usually the engineering and technical personnel of the construction unit. Representative industries: rail transit, railway works section (office). Employment prospects: The 11th Five-Year Plan plans to have a national road network of 65,438+10,000 kilometers. Many large and medium-sized cities are building subway transportation, which requires a large number of technicians to carry out inspection and maintenance. Typical career path: technician-assistant engineer-engineer-senior engineer. Annual salary reference: technician 1.5 ~ 40000, assistant engineer 1.5 ~ 40000, engineer 40000 ~ 70000, senior engineer 55438+00000.

Civil servants, teaching and research direction

Representative posts: civil servants and teachers represent industries: transportation, municipal administration departments, universities, scientific research and design units. Employment prospects: The reform of the civil service system has opened the door for ordinary college graduates to work in government agencies. The rapid development of roads, bridges and construction industry has brought huge demand for talents, which has increased the demand for civil engineering teachers. However, it should be noted that the competition in these industries is generally fierce, requiring job seekers to have a higher professional level and comprehensive quality. Annual salary reference: college teachers: 25,000 ~ 45,000 yuan; Teachers in secondary specialized schools:1.8,000 to 30,000 yuan; Ordinary civil servants: 20,000 ~ 35,000 yuan. Experts suggest that if you want to engage in this kind of industry, on the one hand, you should learn professional courses well at school to make yourself have a higher professional level, on the other hand, you should pay special attention to the study of theoretical knowledge and the cultivation of personal comprehensive quality to make yourself have a higher level of Putonghua, foreign languages and computers and better adaptability.

Edit the prospect analysis of civil engineering in this section.

China has a huge development prospect in the field of architecture, and economic development needs architecture, which has been a hot topic for decades. Former national leader Wan Li once said that this is a "long live industry". The direction of employment, design units, supervision units, construction units and management units all need it, that is, they are tired. In the design institute, it is structural fatigue. As long as it is above the undergraduate level, employment is not a problem. I suggest you find a design institute and apply for an internship, because the staff of the design institute are highly mobile and need new personnel to supplement them. It will be more convenient for you to get familiar with it during your internship and sign the employment agreement later.

Edit the difference between civil engineering and architecture in this paragraph.

Civil engineering includes structure, municipal construction, roads and bridges, water supply and drainage, clay, construction economy and so on. The training object is engineers. For example, the task of building structural engineers is to make buildings and engineering structures not only meet the requirements of production and life, but also withstand strong earthquakes, strong winds, seawater erosion and various natural tests; Be safe, reliable, economical and reasonable, and advanced in technology. The main courses are advanced mathematics, various mechanics and structural theories, structural design basis, construction technology and management, modern experimental technology and so on. In addition, we should learn the application knowledge of computer, optimization design, earthquake engineering, civil air defense engineering and underground structure. The goal of architectural training is architects. In the design process of architecture and large-scale engineering structure, he needs to comprehensively consider the combination of architecture and urban environment, the use function of architecture itself, technical performance, economic effect, artistic form and many other issues. Considering these complex factors comprehensively, the planning of urban layout, the combination of building plane and space, the treatment of building facade, the selection of suitable material structure, the formulation of suitable environmental conditions such as sound, light and heat, and the indoor and outdoor decoration design are carried out. It is necessary to have a wide range of learning contents in engineering technology, architectural theory and artistic design ability. In addition to the basic knowledge of mathematics and physics in general science and engineering, you should also have certain art knowledge and painting ability. Architects are like composers and engineers are like performers.