Enlightenment of monopoly and macro-control measures of capitalist countries on China's economy —— Abstract of Marxist political economy paper: the main goal of national economic regulation. Promote economic growth, increase employment, stabilize prices and maintain the balance of international payments. China's economic macro-control is consistent with the national macro-control objectives of monopoly capitalist countries. They are all aimed at promoting economic growth, increasing employment, stabilizing prices and maintaining the balance of payments. Key words: capitalism/macro-control/market economy State monopoly capitalism is a kind of monopoly capitalism formed by the combination of private monopoly capital and state power. The combination of private monopoly capital and state power includes: 1) the combination of external circulation processes of enterprises such as government procurement and subsidies; 2) the combination of internal production processes, such as the joint establishment of joint-stock companies by state capital and private monopoly capital. 3) The state can also directly control and operate capital on behalf of monopoly capitalists as a whole, such as using state-owned financial capital for investment and consumption, or establishing state-owned enterprises. Capitalism, as a state monopoly, is still based on capitalist private ownership, safeguarding bourgeois interests and the capitalist system. However, the transformation from general monopoly capitalism to state monopoly capitalism means a partial qualitative change in capitalist relations of production. Compared with private monopoly, it has the following characteristics: 1) Monopoly capital is combined with state power, and by virtue of its great power, it intervenes and regulates the whole social and economic activities. 2) State monopoly capitalism pursues state monopoly profits. State monopoly profit is a tribute collected from the working class and the whole society by the close combination of monopoly capital and state power. State monopoly profits cannot be monopolized by private monopoly groups, but are divided between the state and monopoly organizations. 3) The state monopoly capital economy is strong, and the capital socialization has reached a new height. Macro-control refers to the government's intervention and adjustment of macro-economic operation in order to achieve certain goals. Macro-control is the objective requirement of socialized mass production and market economy. First, state monopoly capitalism also has macro-control characteristics: 1). The main goal of national economic regulation and control. Promote economic growth, increase employment, stabilize prices and maintain the balance of international payments. 2). The main contents of the economic adjustment of state monopoly capitalism From the perspective of economic activities, the main contents of the economic adjustment of state monopoly capitalism are the adjustment of local proportion and macro proportion. 3). Financial adjustment. The main contents of state financial regulation are: (1) increasing state investment through the state budget, holding public projects, establishing state-owned economy and investing in emerging scientific and technological fields, so as to expand the total social demand, avoid economic recession and expand employment. (2) Adjust tax rates, taxes and tax thresholds, and implement certain tax exemption and tax refund policies to directly guide taxpayers' economic behavior and regulate economic operation. (3) Implementing a "compensatory fiscal" policy, that is, adopting a "loose" fiscal policy during the crisis and depression, reducing taxes, expanding government expenditures, increasing fiscal deficits, and issuing additional treasury bonds; When the economy is prosperous and the demand is too strong, we should adopt a "tight" fiscal policy, increase taxes, cut government spending, and repay national debt. To curb demand and delay the outbreak of the economic crisis. (4) financial subsidies, state-owned enterprise subsidies, private enterprise subsidies, investment subsidies, technological development subsidies, new product export subsidies, etc. , so that all departments and enterprises can develop in a coordinated and balanced way. (5) expanding the government's purchase of goods and services to provide and expand the domestic market for private monopoly enterprises not only solves the problem of product realization, but also has a great impact on product structure adjustment. 4). Currency adjustment. Monetary policy is another basic means for the government to regulate the economy in modern capitalist economy. 5). The content of the national planning regulation and economic planning in capitalist countries. In the contemporary capitalist economy, in order to reduce the spontaneous destructive effect of the market on economic operation and facilitate the concentration of funds to develop key or key sectors, all major capitalist countries have implemented planned management and regulation of the economy to varying degrees on the basis of market economy, which is a comprehensive form of state monopoly capitalism to regulate the economy. Second, the enlightenment of macro-control measures of state monopoly capitalism to China's economy (1), China's economy conforms to the national adjustment goal of macro-control of monopoly capitalist countries. They are all aimed at promoting economic growth, increasing employment, stabilizing prices and maintaining the balance of payments. 2), economic legislation, the state provides various norms of social and economic life through economic legislation, so that enterprise activities are standardized and orderly, so that enterprises develop in the direction that the government hopes. 3) Under the planned economy system, we originally adopted overall adjustment, while the economic adjustment of state monopoly capitalism focused on the adjustment of local proportion and macro proportion. We are now engaged in a socialist market economy, which is the best notice for us. 4) Economic policy: Economic policy is mainly used to regulate economic development and economic activities, and more economic levers are used, including tax policy, credit policy, price policy, investment policy and tariff policy. Need to be strengthened. 5) The financial supervision of state monopoly capitalism is worth learning. In the construction of socialist market economy, macro-control should pay attention to the adjustment of national finance. 6) In terms of currency regulation and income regulation, the experience of state monopoly capitalism has also brought us great enlightenment. Through effective currency issuance and government intervention in the market, consumption can be effectively promoted, and income adjustment can better alleviate various social problems brought about by the gap between the rich and the poor. To sum up, the macro-control of state monopoly capitalism is of great help to our fledgling market economy and also brings us great enlightenment. But we can't simply copy it, but also critically absorb it according to China's specific national conditions. The macro-control of contemporary state monopoly capitalism is mainly realized through fiscal policy, monetary policy and, to a certain extent, national economic plan. Below, I will briefly introduce the details of these three aspects: (1) fiscal policy. Finance is a tool for the state to redistribute national income. Part of national income is concentrated and distributed through finance, which has great influence on the use of production resources, the distribution of personal income and the operation of the whole macro-economy. The financial scale of contemporary capitalist countries is getting bigger and bigger. The proportion of fiscal expenditure in GDP is about 1/3 in the United States, and it has exceeded 40% in Britain, France and Germany. Therefore, the role of finance and the application of fiscal policy are more and more extensive, and their status is more and more important. Fiscal policy mainly includes fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure. From the perspective of fiscal revenue, the main revenue channel is tax. The state can encourage the development of some industries, restrict and restrict the development of others, and even adjust the changes of economic cycle as a whole through tax policies with different taxes and tax rates. For example, in the 1970s, stagflation characterized by stagnant production and high inflation rate appeared in the United States. In order to push the national economy out of the quagmire, the American government not only regulated the money market, but also introduced targeted fiscal policies of tax reduction to stimulate private enterprises to develop production, thus making the national economy out of the stagnant predicament. Taxation is a tribute that the state collects from the society for free, so the tax rate should not be too high and the tax burden of the whole society should not be too heavy. However, the government has many things to do and needs a lot of money to achieve its macroeconomic goals. In the case that taxes should not be increased, another way for the government to organize income is to borrow money. The state can raise a certain amount of income by issuing treasury bonds and use it in places where it is needed. However, the national debt is a creditor-debtor relationship guaranteed by the state credit, and the principal and interest should be repaid at maturity. Excessive national debt will inevitably burden the country with a heavy debt burden. When the peak of debt repayment comes, if the country does not have the corresponding financial resources to pay its debts, it will lead to a deep debt crisis. It should also be mentioned that another main function of taxation is to redistribute the income of all social strata, which is a means to adjust people's economic relations and stabilize society. Generally speaking, the tax policy of state monopoly capitalism serves monopoly capital, but in order to monopolize the long-term stability of bourgeois rule, they will also introduce some favorable measures on tax policy for low-income people. Judging from the financial expenditure, the previous government financial expenditure was mainly to meet the needs of maintaining the government's own operation. In contemporary capitalist countries, the government is increasingly involved in social and economic life. A large amount of financial expenditure is not only needed to maintain the operation of the government, but also used to intervene in social and economic activities and serve the goal of macro-control. These financial expenditures mainly include: important enterprises invested and built by the state, public projects, procurement of social and economic intervention by the state, subsidies to people with different incomes, etc., also called transfer payment.