Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the longest canal in China;
West Lake, the most beautiful urban lake in the world;
Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest archipelago in China;
Hangjiahu Plain, the richest land of fish and rice in China;
Anji Bamboo Sea, the hometown of bamboo in China;
Qiandao Lake, the largest artificial lake in China;
Yandang Mountain, the first mountain in the southeast;
Mount Putuo, Haitian Buddhist country;
Daciyan, the first natural Buddha in East China;
Changxing Jingshan Park is the best place in the world to study the natural changes of 95% species extinction on the earth 250 million years ago, and it is one of the three "golden nails" in global geological dating.
Zhejiang is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in China, and is known as "the country of cultural relics". It has a long history and profound accumulation. Archaeological data show that as early as 50 thousand years ago, the primitive human "Jiande people" were active in today's mountainous areas in western Zhejiang. From 6700 to 4500 years ago, the scope of human activities in Zhejiang entered the prosperous period of feudal economy after the tenth century A.D. ..
Zhejiang has the reputation of "land of plenty" and "home of silk", as well as "hometown of culture" and "hometown of tourism". It has a long history, developed economy, convenient transportation and prosperous culture. Since the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, it has come from behind and has been far ahead for thousands of years. It is reasonable to make persistent efforts to reach a new level in the modernization race of 2 1 century. According to the regional characteristics of Zhejiang's history and culture, the author preliminarily lists the reasonable factors in the heritage:
Encouraged by precious spiritual wealth: a long and glorious history has left a strong mark on the history of the Chinese nation. Starting from the ancient Jiande people, the primitive cultures of Hemudu, Majiabang and Liangzhu opened a chapter of civilization. According to legend, the descendants of Shun were sealed in Shangyu and Yuyao, and Dayu was the center of Baiyue culture in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yue, Sun Wu and Ten Kingdoms all started in Zhejiang, and Lin 'an was once the political and cultural center of the Southern Song Dynasty. Dayu, the hero of water control, is brave and wise. He forgot to subdue the fierce flood for the benefit of the Lebanese people. "Going home without going in" is a beautiful talk of several generations; Bai Juyi, Su Shi and Wang Anshi worked hard for the people of Zhejiang and were descendants. Harry is upright in Chun 'an. He dares to offend powerful people, and is called "the blue sky". Hangzhou was fortunate enough to bury the loyalty of Yue Fei and his son who were loyal to the country; Lu You never forgets to recover lost ground, and "modesty is not afraid of forgetting the country" has inspired countless people with lofty ideals. Yu Qian, a famous minister, realized the swan song of Ode to Lyme with his own actions. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, "lived together for ten years and learned from the scriptures for ten years" and finally got revenge. Sun Jian and his son are a generation of lean men who have made great achievements in Jiangdong. Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier, recruited and trained "Qijiajun" in Zhejiang, and won nine battles in Taizhou, putting down the Japanese invasion. In modern Zhejiang, the struggle against feudalism and aggression was wave after wave, and the "three generals in Dinghai" who died heroically in the Opium War was brilliant for a while. The officers and men of Zhaobaoshan fort in Zhenhai beat the French invaders; Taiping Army galloped Zhejiang and swept Clear The Demon; Qiu Jin, the "Jianhu Girl", is a heroic woman with high aspirations. The great achievements of the sons and daughters of Zhejiang are endless, which will always inspire us to be self-respecting, self-confident, patriotic and self-reliant, and gain strong spiritual strength from them.
Second, profound ideological cultivation: Zhejiang ancestors gradually built a backward, poor and barren land into a leading province in the country, which not only removed the label of "Na Man", but also maintained its forefront position for more than a thousand years. Rich culture reflects brilliant ideological light, and I think its essence mainly includes: (1) innovative spirit. "Innovation is the soul of a nation", wuyue's regional culture with distinctive features was formed in the pre-Qin period, and later it became unique academically, and the "East Zhejiang School" lasted for a long time. First of all, or find another way in the genre of the article, such as Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, Huang Zongxi's Confucianism in Ming Dynasty, Lu Xun's essays, Cai's Romance of Twenty-four Histories and other famous articles; Secondly, the innovation in ideological system or literary genre has reached a peak. Philosophy, history, painting, drama and other genres have far-reaching influence, and few people follow suit. Therefore, they stick to the rules and local operas are blooming, including artistic wonders such as Yue Opera and Wu Opera. In the spirit of emancipating the mind, Zhejiang ancestors always opened up the atmosphere with an open mind and were less bound by habitual inertia, which was related to the adjacent marine environment. Mr. Liang Qichao has an incisive opinion: "People who live on the sea can inspire people's enterprising spirit ... they can inspire their spirit to be brave and noble." This ancient people who lived by the sea were more energetic and enterprising than those who lived on land. " For example, in philosophy, Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty boldly criticized orthodox Dong Zhongshu's fallacy of "the connection between man and nature"; Chen Liang and Ye Shi in the Southern Song Dynasty created a "school of achievement" which was directly opposed to Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Zhejiang is the cradle of critical philosophy and enlightenment thought in the late Middle Ages. It always follows the pulse of the times, inherits the subject and realistic spirit of the sages from Wang Yangming's theory of mind, appeals to conscience, pays attention to practice, rushes out of the quagmire of suppressing human nature and binding thoughts, and pushes people to break through the barriers of Confucian classics and Neo-Confucianism. Then it induced the sudden emergence of enlightenment thoughts in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties; The East Zhejiang School, headed by Huang Zongxi and Zhang Xuecheng, inherited Wang Xue's thought of leisure study, innovated the scholar atmosphere and enlivened the academic circles to some extent. Gong Zizhen shouted "Thunder in Kyushu" in the silence, which opened the prelude to modernization. Later, influenced by the "democracy" and "science" spirit of Westernization, reform, democracy and the New Culture Movement and Marxism, Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun became the driving forces for the advancement of history and culture. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You, Li Qingzhao and Chen Liang dominated the mainstream with their bold ci style, expressing their hatred of national subjugation and eager to recover the mountains and rivers. In the field of literature and art in the last years of feudalism, there was an obvious tendency of secularization and liberalization. The liberation of human nature dominates the mainstream of creation, and Li Yu and Hong Sheng are household names in China. There are Lu Xun, Zhu Ziqing, Qian, Chen Wangdao, Xu Zhimo, Zhang Xiu and others in the new literature army during the May 4th Movement. ⑶ Spirit of openness and integration: Due to the war in the north, the south is relatively stable and the natural environment is beautiful. A large number of northerners moved south, including a considerable number of intellectuals, such as Wang Xizhi and Xie Lingyun, which greatly changed the social and cultural structure of Zhejiang. From the exile of "guilty officials and people" in Qin and Han Dynasties, through the development of Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, to the opening of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song Dynasty reached unprecedented prosperity and has remained so far. What's more, because of business and official career, they have traveled all over the country. In ancient times, there was a saying that "no salt can make an official" and "no peace can make a city". "Shaoxing Masters" and "Ningbo Gang" are world-famous, with smooth information and frequent cultural exchanges. Our province not only accommodates the essence of Central Plains culture, but also seizes the opportunity of western learning spreading to the east. Chinese and western cultures collided fiercely here, and missionaries brought western science and technology. Zhejiang scholars have shown great enthusiasm for this, such as Li Zhizao, Yang and Li. They have learned from China and the West and started the cultural exchange between the East and the West. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, a large number of overseas Chinese went to sea to make a living, and the number was in the forefront, especially in modern times, there were many upsurge of studying abroad, and brilliant scientific stars emerged. Obviously, the spirit of takenism contained in Zhejiang culture is extremely valuable. For example, although Wang Chong criticized Dong, he still affirmed that "the words of virtue and politics are valuable and beautiful" and wrote Asking Confucius, Awaiting Mencius and Preface to Taoism without excluding Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Although Wang Yangming is a Confucian, he has absorbed nutrients from Buddhism and Taoism. It is no wonder that Mr. Cai Yuanpei advocated the educational proposition of "freedom of thought and inclusiveness" for the first time. It is precisely because there are hundreds of rivers, learning from others and gathering talents and celebrities. By renewing themselves and constantly inputting fresh blood, they always glow with infinite vitality and vigor. (4) the spirit of seeking truth from facts. Many thinkers in our province emphasize seeking truth from facts in theory and pay attention to practical results in action. They advocate that academic research must focus on practical reasons and seek practical results, and verify its right and wrong in practice, and oppose empty talk divorced from reality. For example, Wang Chong put forward some propositions in Lun Heng, such as "knowing reason", "knowing reason" and "what has been proved to be effective". Chen Liang and Ye Shi's "double line of righteousness and benefit" and "righteousness and benefit" advocate: Lv Zuqian has the idea of "cultivating solid materials and seeking use"; Wang Yangming's "Unity of Knowledge and Action"; Huang Zongxi's Dealing with the World, etc. Zhang Xuecheng's view is that "historiography is pragmatic, solid and true". Zhejiang ancestors paid attention to culture to serve the national economy and people's livelihood, and used convenient transportation conditions and rich products to engage in commercial activities for a long time. Fan Li, Minister of the State of Yue, abandoned his official position and went to sea. He was well managed and rich in the world. In the Tang Dynasty, great businessmen Li, Li Yanchi and Zhang Zhixin traveled between Japan and Yongwen. Influenced by the prosperity of commodity economy in eastern Zhejiang, Yongjia School and Yongkang School pay attention to utilitarianism in an unconventional way, thinking that "there is no utilitarianism and morality is useless"; Huang Zongxi further broke through the deep-rooted traditional concept of "attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce" and advocated that "industry and commerce are the foundation", which reflected the emergence of capitalism in the south of the Yangtze River and showed that most Zhejiang people have the characteristics of flexible mind, smart mind, good thinking, good management and resourcefulness.
The three schools emphasize education and cultivate the folk customs of farming and reading: ancient private schools and academies are scattered all over the place, and there were 167 academies in Song Dynasty, and local schools abound; There were 496 in Qing dynasty; Modern new learning takes the lead in opening up the atmosphere. Qiushi Academy (the predecessor of Zhejiang University) was founded by Liao Shoufeng in 1897. Chunhui middle school, founded by Mr. Jing Hengyi, is as famous as Nankai, with many famous teachers. Before liberation, Zhejiang University was presided over by Ma Yinchu, Su, Zhu Kezhen, Qian Sanqiang and Tan. , and won the title of "Cambridge Second"; West Cold Printing Society attracts famous teachers and has considerable teachers. At the same time, Gou Jian's spirit of paying for life and tasting courage inspires future generations to study hard. The people expect Jackie Chan to become a common practice and advocate knowledge understanding, and the whole family bears the burden of humiliation. Students are also happy to learn, forming a strong atmosphere of "learning, respecting teachers and choosing friends, memorizing strings and listening more than others". Therefore, it is unprecedented for Shaoxing people to seek fame by studying, in order to produce a large group of resourceful teachers. Dongyang is known as "the hometown of professors" and "the county of doctors". Jinhua is nicknamed "Little Zou Lu". In addition, people from all walks of life have generously donated money to cheek pouches, and it has become a common practice to raise funds to run schools. Bao Yugang, Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run It is also worth mentioning that the collection of books in Zhejiang is a must. The establishment of the library is more important than the storage of gold, silver and jewels. From Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, there were about 400 book collectors, including Tianyi Pavilion, Wenyuan Pavilion and Jiayetang. People believe that there is a golden house in the book. Therefore, under the influence of excellent cultural atmosphere, Zhejiang has a national leading talent pool, and the biographies of the Southern Song Dynasty account for 1.2‰ of the whole country. Ming dynasty accounted for14 ‰; In Qing Dynasty, it accounted for 1.9‰, and Hangzhou and Shaoxing were the top scholars. Liang Qichao and Mr. Ding Wenjiang made a detailed textual research on this.
Advantages of humanistic tourism resources: first, cultural relics occupy an important position in the country, and Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Ningbo are among the first batch of historical cities in the country; Six national key protected cultural relics. Secondly, there are countless places of interest such as Pagoda of Six Harmonies, Lanting and Yuling, as well as famous Buddhist temples such as Lingyin Temple, National Assembly Temple, Tiantong Temple and Asoka Temple. There are also Hemudu, Liangzhu and Majiabang ancient human sites. Thirdly, landscape architecture occupies a place. Hangzhou is one of the seven ancient capitals, and there are still Song Cheng's legacy. Dongyang Luzhai, Lanxi Zhuge Bagua Village and Wuyi Yuyuan Taiji Village are living specimens for studying ancient culture. Thirdly, the arts and crafts major is well-known. On the one hand, silk, tea, porcelain and traditional Chinese medicine are well-made, such as Shaoxing rice wine and Jinhua ham, which have been royal tributes since ancient times and have also become traditional export products; On the other hand, Hangzhou Brocade, Ningbo Embroidery, Dongyang Woodcarving, Yongkang Hardware; Qingtian stone carving and Pujiang paper-cutting are well deserved, and skilled craftsmen emerge one after another. In addition, Zhejiang people have cultivated many agricultural and sideline products, such as Longjing tea, Jinhua bergamot, jasmine, camellia and so on. Huangyan citrus, Pan 'an mushroom, Zhejiang Beihu sheep, etc. Finally, with superb cooking skills, unique flavor and harmonious five flavors, it has become one of the eight major cuisines in China. Hangzhou cuisine, Ningbo cuisine and Shaoxing cuisine have their own strengths. Shen Kuo, Li Yu and Yuan Mei have all discussed the art of cooking, and Su Dongpo deserves to be called a gourmet. Dongpo Meat is famous all over the world. The buildings outside Hangzhou make people linger, and the food culture is very knowledgeable. There is an urgent need to clean up and protect this unique resource and revitalize the ancient treasure.