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remote control

A remote controller is an electronic device used to remotely operate a machine.

The term "remote control" can also be called "remote" or "controller" when abbreviated. It has many other names, such as "clicker", "channel converter", "crash" and "magic hand". Usually, remote controllers are used to send commands to televisions or other consumer electronic products (such as stereo systems and DVD players) from a distance. The remote control of these devices is usually a small wireless handheld device with a series of buttons for adjusting various settings, such as TV channel, track number and volume. In fact, for most modern devices with this control, the remote controller contains all the functional controls, while the controlled device itself has only a few basic main controls. Most remote controllers communicate with their respective devices through infrared (ir) signals, and a few communicate through radio signals. They are usually powered by small AAA or AA batteries.

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* 1 history

O 1. 1 TV remote controller

O 1.2 other remote controls

* 2 Technology

* 3 Usage

O 3. 1 industry

O 3.2 Emergency situation

O 3.3 Military affairs

O 3.4 space

O 3.5 video game

O 3.6 toys

* 4 See also.

O 4. 1 products and standards

* 5 external links

* 6 references

[Edit] History

One of the earliest examples of remote control was developed by nikola tesla in 1893 and described in his U.S. patent 6 13809, which is entitled "Method for controlling mechanical devices of moving vehicles".

1903, Leonardo Torres Quevedo showed Telekino at the Paris Academy of Sciences, with a brief introduction and an experimental demonstration. In the same year, he obtained patents in France, Spain, Britain and the United States. Telekino consists of a robot that executes commands transmitted by electromagnetic waves. It constitutes the world's first radio control device and is a pioneer in the field of remote control. 1906, in front of the king and a large group of people, Torres successfully demonstrated this invention in the port of Bilbao, guiding a ship from the shore. Later, he tried to apply Telekino to projectiles and torpedoes, but he had to give up the project because of lack of funds.

The first remote control model plane flew in 1932. During the Second World War, the work of using remote control technology for military purposes was in full swing, and one of the achievements was the Wasserfar missile of Germany.

By the late1930s, some radio manufacturers had provided remote controls for some of their high-end models. Most of them are connected to the TV set controlled by w ires, but Phil Commystery Control (1939) is a battery-powered low-frequency radio transmitter [1], so it is the first wireless remote controller for consumer electronic devices.

[Edit] TV remote control

1 1 various remote controls for TV, VHS and DVD devices are displayed here.

The first remote controller for controlling TV was developed by Zenith Radio Company in 1950. This remote control-officially called "lazy bones"-is connected to the TV set through wires. In order to improve the complicated settings, 1955 developed a wireless remote controller called "Flashmatic", which works by irradiating the light beam on the photocell. Unfortunately, these cells can't tell the difference between light from the remote control and light from other light sources, and the flash also requires the remote control to point at the receiver very accurately. [2]

Zenith space commander 600 remote control

1956 robert adler developed "Zenith Space Command", a wireless remote control. [3] It is mechanical and uses ultrasonic waves to change the channel and volume. When the user presses a button on the remote control, it clicks and knocks a bar, hence the term "click". Each signal bar emits a different frequency, and the circuit in the TV detects this noise. The invention of the transistor made it possible to use a cheaper electronic remote controller including a piezoelectric crystal, which is powered by an oscillating current with a frequency close to or higher than the upper limit of human hearing, although dogs can still hear it. There is a microphone in the receiver, connected to a circuit tuned to the same frequency. Some problems with this method are that the receiver may be accidentally triggered by naturally generated noise, and some people, especially young women, may hear harsh ultrasonic signals. There is even a famous event that a toy xylophone changed the channels of these types of TVs because some overtones of the xylophone matched the ultrasonic frequency of the remote control.

Since the late 1970s, Jerrold remote control has been carried out by universal instruments.

With the development of the BBC's Ceefax teletext service, the driving force of more complex TV remote controllers appeared in the late 1970s. At that time, most commercial remote controls had limited functions, sometimes only three: next channel, previous channel and volume/off. This type of control can not meet the needs of teletext equipment, in which pages are identified by three digits. The remote controller for selecting a remote text page needs buttons for each number from 0 to 9, as well as other control functions, such as switching from text to image, and normal TV control of volume, radio station, brightness, color intensity, etc. Early teletext used wired remote control to select pages, but the remote control required for continuous use of teletext quickly indicated the need for wireless devices. Therefore, BBC engineers began to negotiate with one or two TV manufacturers, which led to early prototypes of about 1977-78, which could control more functions. ITT is one of the companies, and later named ITT infrared communication protocol after it. [4]

[Edit] Other remote controls

In the1980s, Steve Wozniak of Apple founded a company called CL 9. The purpose of this company is to create a remote controller that can operate multiple electronic devices. The core unit T (Remote Device Controller) was introduced in the autumn of 1987. The advantage of this remote control is that it can "learn" remote control signals from other different devices. It can also perform specific or multiple functions at different times through the built-in clock. This is also the first remote controller that can be connected to a computer and loaded with updated software codes as needed. The core department has never had a huge impact on the market. Programming is too much trouble for ordinary users, but it has been praised by those who know how to program. These obstacles eventually led to the demise of CL 9, but one of its employees continued to operate under the name of Celadon. This is one of the earliest computer-controlled learning remotes on the market. [5]

By the beginning of 2 1 century, the number of consumer electronic devices in most families had greatly increased. According to the Consumer Electronics Association, an average American family has four remote controls. Up to five or six remote controllers may be needed to operate a home theater, including one for cable or satellite receivers, VCRs or digital video recorders, DVD players, televisions and audio amplifiers. Several of these remote controllers may need to be used in sequence, but this process is becoming more and more troublesome because there is no recognized interface guide. Many experts, including Jacob Nelson, a famous usability expert, and robert adler, the inventor of modern remote control, have noticed how confusing, clumsy and frustrating the increasing number of remote controls has become.

[edit] technology

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The emission spectrum of the remote controller of a typical sound system is in the near infrared region.

The modulation of infrared diode varies with buttons.

The remote controllers of most electronic devices use near-infrared diodes to emit light beams to reach the devices. 940 nm wavelength LED is typical. This infrared light is invisible to human eyes, but the signal it carries can be detected by sensors of equipment and digital cameras.

For single channel (single function, one key) remote controller, the existence of carrier signal can be used to trigger the function. For multi-channel (ordinary multi-function) remote controllers, more complicated procedures are needed: one involves modulating carriers with signals of different frequencies. After the demodulation of the received signal, an appropriate frequency filter is applied to separate the corresponding signal. Nowadays, digital programs are more widely used. People can usually receive signals modulated on an infrared carrier by operating a remote control in close proximity to an AM radio that is not tuned to a certain station.

[edit] usage

[edit] industry

Remote control is used to control substations, pumped storage power stations and HVDC transmission stations. For these systems, PLC systems working in the long wave range are usually used.

[Edit] Emergency

Remote control machinery is used in radioactive or toxic environment to avoid casualties and damage to human health. For example, remote-controlled robots are used to clean up the environment of the Chernobyl disaster.

[edit] military

In World War I, the German Imperial Navy used FL ships to fight against coastal shipping. These are driven by internal combustion engines and remotely controlled from shore stations through miles of wires wound on the ship's spools. An airplane is used to send an indication signal to the coastal radio station. EMBs carries high explosive at the bow and travels at a speed of 30 knots. [7]

During the period of 1930, the Soviet Red Army used remote-controlled long-range tanks in the winter war against Finland and the early period of the Great Patriotic War. The long-range tank is controlled by a control tank with a distance of 500–10,500m through radio, and they form a telecontrol group. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Red Army deployed at least two long-range tank battalions. There are also remote-controlled cutting machines and experimental remote-controlled aircraft in the Red Army.

[edit] space

Remote control technology is also used in space travel. For example, the Russian Lunokhod aircraft is remotely controlled from the ground. Because of the increase of signal delay time, it is impractical to remotely control the spacecraft directly at a place farther away from the earth.

[Editor] Video Games

Electronic game consoles have only recently begun to use wireless controllers, mainly because it is difficult to keep the infrared emitter pointed at the console when playing games. The early wireless controller was very heavy, and when it was powered by alkaline battery, it only lasted for a few hours and needed to be replaced. Some wireless controllers are produced by third parties, and in most cases, radio links are used instead of infrared rays. Even these are very inconsistent, and in some cases, there are transmission delays, making them almost useless. The first official wireless controller made by a first-party manufacturer was WaveBird of Nintendo Gamecube. W avebird has changed the face of wireless technology in video game consoles. In the current generation of game consoles, wireless controllers have become the standard.

[Edit] Toys

Main article: Radio control model.

Remote control toys, such as racing cars, boats and even airplanes, are many people's favorite pastimes.

[Edit] See also.

* Universal remote control

* Channel surfing

* Radio control

* Domotics

* Audience response

* Remote control keyless system.

* Remote control instruction

* Remote control of animals