Zhang Jian

1894, Zhang Jian, a native of Nantong, won the senior high school entrance examination and became a scholar in imperial academy. In view of the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, in order to realize his ambition of "helping the poor" and "plugging the leak", he started the practice of "saving the country through industry" in Nantong with the support of Zhang Zhidong, governor of Liangjiang. 1895, Zhang Jianhe reclaimed coastal wasteland at the junction of Lvsi and Haimen, and built a cotton mill with 6,543,800 mu of cultivated land-the raw cotton base of Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company. With the continuous accumulation of capital, Zhang Jian founded Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory in Tangzha, and gradually formed Tangzha Town Industrial Zone. At the same time, in order to facilitate the transportation of equipment, machinery and goods, he built a port along the river west of Tangzha-Tiansheng Port. Later, a power plant was built in Tiansheng Port, and a road was opened between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become Nantong at that time. The appearance of modern warp spinning industry at the end of 19 changed Nantong's urban function from exchange type to production type, and Nantong became one of the early national capitalist industrial bases in China.

Zhang Jian followed the concept of "father teaches, mother works" while setting up industry. Nantong has developed a series of cultural and educational undertakings. Tongzhou Normal School, the earliest normal school in China, was founded in 1902. Then, 1905 founded the first private museum in China, 1907 founded the agricultural school and the women's normal school, and 1909 advocated the five-genus public middle schools in Tonghai. 19 12 medical college and textile school were established. Later, agriculture, medicine and textile merged into Nantong College. At the same time and later. Various secondary and junior vocational schools, short-term workshops and special education undertakings have also been established. For example, commercial schools, banking courses, surveying and mapping, business tutorial schools, nickel-plating workshops, sericulture workshops, women's workshops, Gong Ling clubs, schools for the blind and the dumb, etc. According to the pattern of one city and three towns, urban construction has become an important commercial port in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the economic, cultural and political center of northern Jiangsu, which is a transition from a closed and backward feudal town to a capitalist city.

Shen Shou

At the beginning of the 20th century, it was famous for its exquisite embroidery, which shocked Beijing and was world-renowned. She is Shen Shou, who was called "the God of Needles" by Yu Yue, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty.

Shen Shou, formerly known as Xue Zhi, Ming Xue Huan and Ming Tian Xiang Ge, was born in an antique dealer family in Haihongfang, Nagato, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province in 187 1. My father, Shen Chun, studied book history and salt law, and worked as a salt official in Zhejiang. He loves cultural relics and has a rich collection. Later, he opened an antique shop. My mother Song, three men and two women, Xuezhi ranked fifth. She studied with her father since she was a child. The cultural relics calligraphy and painting collected at home gave her rich artistic pottery and touched the beautiful strings in Xuezhi's heart.

Suzhou is famous for its embroidery. Especially in Mudu area outside Suzhou, almost every family raises silkworms and embroiders, which is called "the hometown of Suzhou embroidery". When she was a child, Xuezhi often went to her grandmother's house and became interested in Suzhou embroidery. Under the leadership of her sister Shen Li, she sewed at the age of 7, learned to embroider at the age of 8, and started her life-long embroidery career. Xuezhi is intelligent, studious and has made rapid progress in learning embroidery. At first she embroidered some flowers and plants, mainly some practical embroidery. Later, I started to embroider works of art based on the famous paintings collected at home. At the age of sixteen or seventeen, she became a famous embroidery expert in Suzhou. Xue Zhi got married at the age of 20, and her husband Yu Jue (real name is Bing Chen, also known as Bing Chen) was born in Shaoxing, Xijiang, and later settled in Suzhou. He comes from a scholarly family, is good at calligraphy and painting, and has good economic conditions. After marriage, one spouse uses a pen instead of a needle, and the other spouse uses a needle instead of a pen. Painting and embroidery complement each other. In addition to housework, Xuezhi always embroiders behind closed doors and never stops.

October in the 30th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1904) was the seventieth birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. The Qing government ordered all localities to pay tribute to birthday gifts. I think after learning this news, I listened to my friends' suggestions and decided to embroider Shou Ping as a sacrifice. They selected the Eight Immortals' Picture of Longevity and the Buddha's Picture of Infinite Life as blueprints from the ancient paintings collected at home, and soon drew a sketch, and invited several embroidery experts to make it together. Xuezhi has put a lot of effort into these embroideries. Cixi saw the Eight Immortals' Longevity Picture and the other three Infinite Life Buddha Pictures, and praised them greatly, calling them peerless masterpieces. In addition to awarding Shen Xuezhi the fourth-class commercial honor, she also personally wrote the words "Fu" and "Shou" and gave them to Yu Jue and his wife. From then on, Shen Xuezhi changed her name to "Shen Shou".

19 14 years, Zhang Jian founded the Girls' Red College in Nantong, Jiangsu. Shen Shou applied to come to Nantong to be the director and teacher, and Yu Jue was the manager of Nantong civilian workshop. The workshop was originally attached to Nantong Women's Normal School, and then moved to Haoyang Road in Nantong. More than 20 students were enrolled in the first phase of the workshop, and then increased year by year, and the academic system was gradually improved. There are crash classes, ordinary classes, art classes and research classes in the college.

Shen Shou is not only an outstanding embroidery artist, but also an experienced embroidery educator. In teaching, she advocates "nature from the outside to the inside" to cultivate students' ability to observe things carefully. Embroidering, she picked a flower and put it on a stretcher, embroidering while watching it. Embroidering characters, she asked to embroider people's eyes and spirit. Under the careful guidance of Shen Shou, Nantong Nvhong Traditional Academy has trained many Suzhou embroidery talents. Nantong embroidery has gradually formed a style of "thin", "thin", "even" and "clean", which has opened up domestic and foreign markets.

Shen Shou taught embroidery in Nantong for eight years, and he taught people tirelessly (Zhang Jian's Ci). Unfortunately, Zhang Jian broke down from overwork. Zhang Jian was "afraid that his art would not be passed down", so he got her permission and recorded and sorted out her experience in embroidery art during the treatment of Shen Shou by famous doctors in Yanqing. When Shen Shou was a little better, he recalled and dictated. A few months later, he finally wrote the book "Xueguan Embroidery Spectrum". Zhang Jian said in Preface to Embroidery: "This score has been accumulated for several months, and it is easy to draw up after repeated examination. If you repeat it, write every word, write every word. " It can be seen that this embroidery spectrum is indeed the crystallization of Shen Shou's forty years of artistic practice. This book is divided into eight chapters: embroidery preparation, embroidery introduction, needling, embroidery essentials, embroidery, embroidery virtue, embroidery festival and embroidery communication. From the use of thread and color, the main points of embroidery to the moral cultivation that artists should have, as well as health care, it is a relatively complete exposition, and it is the first monograph in China that systematically summarizes the artistic experience of Suzhou embroidery.

192 1 June18th, Shen Shou died in Nantong at the age of 48. According to Shen Shou's last wish, Zhang Jian buried her in Nantong Maanshan Cemetery. On the forehead of the tomb door, Zhang Jian's regular script "Tomb of Ms. Shen, a world artist in Wuxian County" is engraved. A monument stands behind the grave. The tablet is inscribed with "Lingbiao of Wu County, a world artist Ms. Shen" inscribed by Zhang Jian, and the tablet is engraved with a portrait of Shen Shou. When the master is gone, art will last forever. Her exquisite embroidery has been handed down all over the world and still shines today. Museums in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Suzhou and Nantong all collect Shen Shou's embroidery. When people see her embroidered Eight Immortals, Jesus, Beike, Infinite Life Buddha, Evergreen, Flower and Bird Album, Zodiac, Guanyin and mussel.