I. General situation of water conservancy in Cangzhou
Cangzhou City is located in the southeast of Hebei Province, bordering Bohai Sea in the east. There are three major water systems in the territory: Daqinghe River, Ziya River and Zhangweinan Canal, with flood discharge channels 10 and 26 drainage channels, which are known as the "lower tip of Jiujiang". Over the years, 43 medium-sized sluices, 465 small sluices and 438+03 small sluices have been built. The first dike is 282km, the second dike is 360. 1km, the third dike is 446.6km, the fourth dike is 2 188km, and the outer dike is 2 150km. There are 0/8 medium-sized pumping stations/KLOC-and 53 small-sized pumping stations, forming a relatively complete water conservancy system.
Second, the main problems
(A) the extreme shortage of water resources
At present, the total water resources in Cangzhou City is 65.438+354 million m? , per capita resources 192m? , accounting for 8% and 6% of the national average respectively, less than 50% of the average level in Hebei Province. At present, the annual water shortage of urban and rural life in the city is 65.438+0.2 billion m? The annual industrial water shortage is1.1.300 million m? The annual water shortage in agriculture is 250 million cubic meters? . With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of economic growth in various provinces, the demand for water is increasing rapidly.
(B) serious water pollution
Since 1970s, Cangzhou, located downstream, is the only city in the province that has no surface water source, despite its criss-crossing rivers.
In addition, with the industrial development of upstream provinces and cities, the whole water area of Cangzhou has been invaded by sewage. For example, only Ziya River receives 200 million m of upstream sewage every year? In addition, Cangzhou is a chemical city with an annual emission of nearly 654.38+0.3 billion m? Sewage and river pollution are very serious. According to the detection of the river reach in recent three years, except the South Canal and Xuanhui River, the water quality of other rivers is inferior to Grade V, showing the situation that "all rivers are dry and all water bodies are polluted".
(C) the deterioration of groundwater environment
Due to the decrease of rainfall, runoff and passenger water, in order to maintain the economic development of Cangzhou, groundwater has been exploited since the 1970s, with an annual over-exploitation of 735 million m? As a result, the groundwater level has decreased year by year, forming a "funnel group" of deep groundwater level decline of 6.5438+0.4 million km2, which is rare in China, causing land subsidence, seawater intrusion and other hazards.
(D) serious waste of water resources
At present, the annual agricultural water consumption in Cangzhou City is 995 million m, accounting for 75.8% of the total water consumption. Due to the influence of traditional planting concept, some farmers insist on the backward production mode of flood irrigation, and about one third of crops do not implement water-saving irrigation and scientific water use, which is the most serious waste of water resources. In addition, the leading enterprise in our city is the petrochemical industry, which is a high water consumption industry. The promotion of water-saving measures is slow, the technology is backward and the reuse rate is low.
Three, the technical measures of ecological water conservancy construction
(A) focusing on river ecological restoration, the construction of ecological water network engineering system.
1. Restore the minimum ecological water quantity of the river.
Without clean and stable ecological water, the ecological environment is difficult to improve. It is the most important thing to reduce the ecological water demand of rivers and improve the living environment of animals and plants through measures such as South-to-North Water Diversion, utilization of rain and flood resources, adjustment of industrial structure, national water saving and utilization of reclaimed water.
2. Protect rivers with ecological measures
In the construction of river protection project, we should follow the ecological principle and adopt permeable materials that are beneficial to plant growth, such as the reinforcement of gabion steep slope and geogrid bank slope, so as to create conditions for plant growth and animal habitat. In the river regulation project, we should respect the natural river pattern and try to avoid the straight and broken river design.
3. Pay attention to the landscape effect when managing.
In the management of water system, we should fully embody the ecological concept, and pay attention to the beautiful modeling of water conservancy facilities and the greening and beautification of riverside on the premise of meeting the basic functions of pollution control, flood control and water supply. If the South Canal passes through Cangzhou, it is necessary to build Binjiang Park and hydrophilic platform in combination with local cultural planning to meet the people's requirements for hydrophilic leisure.
(2) Optimize the allocation of water resources and build a water-saving social system.
1. Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure and reduce water consumption.
Accelerate the construction of eco-industrial park, support enterprises to vigorously promote cooling water circulation technology and sewage treatment and reuse technology, actively explore a reasonable water circulation model, and connect different enterprises, sewage treatment plants and local municipal departments in the park through cascade utilization of water, reclaimed water reuse and landscape water bodies, so as to realize a larger-scale circulation, improve the reuse rate of industrial water, increase benefits and reduce water consumption.
2. Vigorously implement water-saving irrigation.
Accelerate the construction of eco-agricultural parks, improve the anti-seepage lining of irrigation channels, popularize new water-saving irrigation technologies such as pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and change the field flooding irrigation into narrow border irrigation, short border irrigation and small white dragon irrigation to improve the irrigation water utilization coefficient.
3. Urban and rural water saving
Strengthen the transformation of water-saving appliances for urban and rural residents and establish a reasonable water price system. The implementation of the progressive charging system of excess water price will promote the formation of water-saving life and production mode. In addition, actively promote technologies such as desalination of brackish water and reuse of reclaimed water, and gradually realize the goal of quality water supply.
4. Strengthen pollution control and realize rainwater recycling.
Reclaimed water utilization is an important way to develop and utilize local water resources. In order to strengthen enterprise management, industrial sewage must be treated by sewage treatment plant and discharged up to standard. Gradually establish urban rainwater and sewage diversion system to realize rainwater resource utilization.
5. Intensify the construction of water diversion projects and water storage projects.
Continue to strengthen the implementation of large and medium-sized water transfer projects such as the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Yellow River Diversion Project, speed up the construction of plain reservoirs, especially underground reservoirs, carry out ecological transformation of pits and ponds, improve water storage capacity, and provide water resources guarantee for industrial and agricultural development.
(C) Strengthen management and build a modern water management system
Carry out water management integration, realize the transformation from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and from extensive management to intensive management, establish a unified urban and rural management system responsible for the whole process of water production such as water transfer, water storage, water supply, drainage, sewage treatment and reclaimed water reuse, implement unified planning and management of water resources, and fully realize scientific and modern management methods.
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