On February 8, he returned to Seoul, South Korea, and was elected as the chairman of the Democratic Agreement together with Jin Yongsan. 1987, the Peace Democratic Party was established and served as its president. Since 1988, he has served as a member and leader of the opposition party in Congress. 1in September 1995, the new political national assembly was announced and became the chairman of the party. 1in may, 1997, the new political national assembly elected Kim DAE-jung as the 5th presidential candidate of Korea. /kloc-won the election in February 0/8, and/kloc-0 took office on February 25, 998. In 2000, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for facilitating the first meeting between the two heads of state.
Kim Dae-jung entered the political arena in the 1950s and was elected to the National Assembly six times. In the 1960s, he was famous as a "young member of parliament who understood the economy". 197 1, 1987, 1992 ran for the presidency three times, but they all failed. 1997 12 19, South Korea's Central Election Management Commission officially announced the results of the presidential election. Kim Dae-jung, the presidential candidate of the new political congress, defeated Lee Hoi chang, the candidate of the Grand National Party, and Lee in-chi, the candidate of the National New Party, with 40.4% of the votes, and was elected as the15th president of South Korea. Kim Dae-jung, who suffered repeated defeats, participated in the presidential election for the fourth time when he was over the age of ancient times. Through unremitting efforts, he finally realized his dream of entering Cheongwadae (Presidential Palace).
Kim Dae-jung 1954 began to go into politics, and 196 1 was elected as the fifth member of the National Assembly. Later, he served as a member of the 6th, 7th, 8th, 13, 14 National Assembly, and was the main leader of the Peace Democratic Party, the New Democracy Party, the Democratic Party and the New Political National Assembly. Kim Dae-jung was imprisoned many times in his early years for engaging in democratic activities. 1994 jinda [1] established the Asia-Pacific peace consortium as its chairman, 1995 established the new political national assembly as its chairman. 1From February 1998 to February 2003, he served as President of South Korea. In February 2000, the new political National Assembly led by him merged with the New Millennium Democratic Party and served as its chairman.
Kim Dae-jung has visited China many times. /kloc-paid a state visit to China in October.
Kim Dae-jung believes in Christianity, likes reading, and likes literature and art. He has won many international awards and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000. He is the author of Letters in Prison, On Popular Economy, My Way, My Thought and so on.
Mrs. Li Jihao, they have three children.
On July 23, 2009, he developed symptoms of pulmonary embolism, was transferred to the intensive care unit, and received ventilator treatment. He died in the hospital on August 18, 2008 at the age of 84.
[Edit this paragraph] Character introduction
1948-1950 president of mokpo daily. 195 1 Acting President of Mokpo Shipping and President of Dayang Shipbuilding Industry (Company) in the same year. From 65438 to 0955, he served as the backbone of "Korea Labor Research Institute". 1960 was elected as the fifth Democratic Party party member. 1960 to 1972, representatives of Democratic Party, People's Party and New Democratic Party. 196 1 year-1963 served as the propaganda minister of the democratic party. 1963-197/kloc-0 was elected as a member of the sixth and seventh national assembly in, and was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic Party in the same year. From 65438 to 0965, when the Democratic Party and the People's Party merged into the People's Party, he served as the party's propaganda minister. From 1966 to 1967, he successively served as the chairman of the policy review meeting of the People's Party and the chairman of the propaganda committee of the New Democratic Party. 1968 members of the party working Committee, financial chairman and government counselor in Ren Xinmin have no office. 1969 and 1970, Chairman of the Human Rights Committee of the New Democracy Party and Political Commissar of the New Democracy Party. 197 1 was elected as a member of the 8th National Assembly. In April of the same year, he was elected as the presidential candidate of the New Democracy Party, and put forward the political program of democratic Korean society, North-South exchanges and peaceful reunification. Therefore, he was persecuted and forced into exile in the United States and Japan. 1In August, 973, he was kidnapped from Tokyo to Seoul by agents of the Central Intelligence Department of South Korea, and then placed under house arrest. 1976 was arrested for publishing the Declaration of National Salvation through Democracy with others. 1979 consultant of Ren Xinmin party, released from house arrest in February of the same year. 1in July, 980, he was arrested and imprisoned on the charge of "conspiring against civil strife". In September of that year, he was sentenced to death. 10 month, 165438 was deprived of the right to political activities and sentenced to life imprisonment the following year. 1982 was reduced to 20 years in prison and sent to the United States for "medical treatment". 1985 returned to Seoul and was placed under house arrest. In March of the same year, he served as the chairman of the Democratic Promotion Agreement with Jin Yongsan, former chairman of the New Democracy Party. 65438+August 0987-June 5438+1October served as the permanent adviser of the United Democratic Party,1October 65438+June 65438+March 3, after the negotiations with the party chairman Jin Yongsan broke down, the Peace Democratic Party (Civilian Party) was established and served as its chairman. 1988 March17-May 6, in order to win the parliamentary election, we promoted the alliance with the United Democratic Party, resigned from the presidency and retired to the second line. On May 7 of the same year, he was re-elected as the party chairman. 1991April was elected president of the New Democratic United Party. 1992 was elected as the14th member of parliament. In the same year, after losing the 12 presidential election, he announced his resignation as a member of parliament and withdrew from politics. 1July 995 18, officially announced his return to politics and established a new party. On September 5, he announced the establishment of a new political national assembly (National Assembly) and became the chairman of the party.
1May 1997 19, participated in the presidential election for the fourth time. 18 February 18 won the election, becoming the first South Korean president elected as an opposition candidate since the founding of 1948. 1998 was sworn in as the 5th president of Korea on February 25th.
On June 20, 2000, the new political National Assembly led by him merged with the New Millennium Democratic Party and became its chairman. Attachment: Kim Dae-jung's real date of birth is 1924 1.6, and his father Jin Yunzhi changed his birthday to 1925 1.2.3 to delay his enlistment. Jin Yunzhi once led the anti-rent movement in the village. As the eldest of the three brothers, influenced by his family, Kim Dae-jung showed great interest in politics since he was a child. Before he was eight years old, he often read newspaper reports about politics. In middle school, I liked and was good at debating and speaking. This specialty was fully exerted after he entered the political arena-he kept talking for five hours, 19 minutes, without a drop of water.
I like reading and literature. He has won many international awards, and has written more than 30 books, such as Winning Letters from China, On Popular Economy and My Road, My Thought. 1998165438+1October, he visited China as president, and his autobiography "My Road, My Thought" was published in Chinese.
[Edit this paragraph] Family members
Good wife Li Jihao: Kim Dae-jung's current wife Li Jihao is his second wife, and Kim Dae-jung affectionately calls her a "political comrade and life partner". He once said to the people around him unabashedly: "At my age today, I can still proudly say that we are still lovers in love, not inferior to any young couple." Kim Dae-jung advocates equality between men and women. He has moved many times, but his and his wife's names are always written side by side on his house number. This is rare in Korean society that pays attention to male status. Li Jihao commented that Kim Dae-jung was "a man who knows how to respect his wife".
During the two and a half years from the arrest of Kim Dae-jung to his death sentence and his final exile in the United States, Li Jihao wrote to her husband almost every day, totaling more than 600 letters. Li Jihao said: "The purpose of writing this letter is to help him not lose courage and strengthen his confidence and hope." When the cold current struck, she said to her husband in the letter, "It pains me to think that you are alive like a year, especially when the cold air strikes like today." I can't help crying when I think of what I have today. You always think that I am a person without tears, but in fact I am a person who loves to cry. In front of others, I tried to hold back my tears and swallow them. I was particularly afraid that you would be sad and vowed not to shed tears in front of you, but today I can't control my tears. Not because my heart has softened, but because there are many suffering people in front of my eyes. "
Later, Li Jihao published a collection of these letters called "Prayer before Dawn" (this book was published in Chinese). At the launching ceremony of the book in China, Li Jihao, who made a special trip, told the reporter with deep affection: "I hope that the royalties from the publication of this book can be used for the education of children in remote mountain villages in western China."
[Edit this paragraph] Legendary life
He Yinong Jiazi192465438+1October 6, Kim Dae-jung was born in a small fishing village in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula and an island. The beautiful scenery in his hometown made him alert and clever. He showed extraordinary talent in his childhood. He likes reading and listening to old people telling political stories since he was a child. Seeing that he is very talented, mother is determined to cultivate him. Schools in Hoey can only go to the fourth grade of primary school. In order to enable the children to continue their studies, the whole family sold their ancestral property and moved to Mokpo City.
As a teenager, his mother's influence on Kim Dae-jung was unforgettable. Kim Dae-jung often said that his indomitable character was inherited from his mother. When he was seven or eight years old, he went out to play with a group of older children in the village and happened to meet a vendor lying on the side of the road drunk. The older children scrambled to snatch the goods from the vendor's burden and gave Kim Dae-jung a pipe. Kim Dae-jung thought his father's pipe was too old, so he took it home to honor his father. When he got home, when he handed his pipe to his mother, Kim Dae-jung, who was full of joy, was beaten by her mother and then returned the pipe to the vendor by her mother.
1943 65438+In February, Kim Dae-jung was admitted to Mokpo Business School with excellent results. He always pays attention to the political news reports in the official newspapers, which not only makes him know everything in the world, but also makes him set up his ambition to go into politics. At the age of 20, Kim Dae-jung became the managing director of a shipping company and later set up a shipbuilding company. 1945 After the recovery of Korea in August, Kim Dae-jung found a job in Mokpo Daily and gave full play to his talents. He changed from an intern editor reporter to a senior editor reporter. Because of his remarkable achievements, he wrote many in-depth articles and was finally promoted to the president of Mokpo Daily. He was only 25 years old at this time.
1In June, 950, the Korean War broke out, and Kim Dae-jung's fledgling career was destroyed by the war. Kim Dae-jung decided to go into politics.
Since he entered politics, failure and death have been chasing him like shadows. In Korean politics, Kim Dae-jung has been thrown into the bottom and surfaced again and again. In the following 10 years, he ran for parliament five times and suffered four disastrous defeats. 1961May, Kim Dae-jung participated in the by-election of members of parliament in Renji District and was elected as a member of parliament. Just as Kim Dae-jung was poised to take up his new post, there was a sudden news that Major General park chung-hee of the army had staged a "5. 16" coup! He was elected as a member of parliament for only three days, and even before the swearing-in ceremony, he was disqualified. But this dramatic encounter has greatly increased his popularity. 1963, Kim Dae-jung was elected as a member of parliament as he wished, but he also paid a huge price for it. His family wealth was exhausted and his original wife died of overwork.
197 1, Kim Dae-jung won 5.4 million votes in one fell swoop when he participated in the presidential election for the first time, which almost brought down park chung-hee who sought re-election through massive fraud. At that time, some commentators believed that "if there is a fair electoral institution to supervise and correctly count the votes, Kim Dae-jung will definitely be elected president."
It was from this general election that the park chung-hee regime was determined to get rid of Kim Dae-jung by any means. In August of that year, on his way to Gwangju to participate in the election, Kim Dae-jung was seriously injured by a car accident carefully created by the park chung-hee regime. Bone and joint infection left a sequela, causing one foot to limp. 1On August 8th, 973, he was kidnapped by CIA agents of park chung-hee regime in Tokyo, and his body was smashed into pieces and drowned. Three days later, he was blindfolded and placed outside his residence in Seoul, and finally returned home alive.
On March 1976 and 1 day, Kim Dae-jung was arrested by the park chung-hee authorities for publishing the "Trinity Democratic Declaration" with other Democrats, and was declared to have violated Article 9 of the Emergency Regulations prohibiting criticism of the Reform Constitution. Later, he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and deprived of five years' citizenship by the Grand Court. 1978 12 After his early release from prison, Kim Dae-jung continued to live under house arrest.
1979 10 in power 18 dictator park chung-hee was killed because of the internal struggle of the ruling clique, and Cui Guixia succeeded him as president. Later, Quan Douhuan launched a military coup, forcing Cui Guixia to step down and become president.
1980 17 In May, Kim Dae-jung was arrested on charges of planning a mass movement that took place in Gwangju in the south, and was taken to court for "treason". More than 200 people were implicated, many of whom were tortured, electrocuted and waterboarded. Some people are disabled for life, and more people have left sequelae. 165438+ 10 In October, Kim Dae-jung was sentenced to death by a military court for "plotting civil strife". Under the pressure of the United States, Kim Dae-jung was finally sentenced to life imprisonment, 20 years imprisonment and suspended sentence, and went into exile in the United States for medical treatment in 1982, starting his second exile in his life.
Two years later, Kim Dae-jung returned to China. But at this time, Kim Dae-jung still has no personal freedom. His mail is checked, his phone is tapped, and even his family is often asked when they are out.
After regaining his freedom, Kim Dae-jung participated in the presidential elections twice in 1987 and 1992, but was defeated by Lu Taiyu and Jin Yongsan respectively. 1992 After the results of the general election were announced, Kim Dae-jung announced his "retirement", resigned as a member of parliament and retired from politics. In September of the same year, he passed the defense of doctoral thesis in political science of Russian Diplomatic Academy in Moscow. When Kim Dae-jung announced his retirement from politics, many people thought he would fade out of politics. Unexpectedly, a few years later, Kim Dae-jung not only made a comeback, but also defeated all his opponents at the age of 73 to win the presidential election, becoming the first president of South Korea since the founding of 1948. Mr. Shen Baofeng, an authoritative social critic, realistic poet and gold medal songwriter in China, praised Kim Dae-jung as "South Korea's Mandela" because he had the same or similar experience with South African President nelson mandela, suffered many years in prison and suffered the same hardships in his political career. In that general election, in order to show his support for Kim Dae-jung's presidential campaign, Mandela asked his daughter to give Kim Dae-jung a watch that he often wore after 1990 was released, and Kim Dae-jung also gave Mandela a schoolbag that he used when he was in exile in the United States. In the hearts of Koreans, Kim Dae-jung is a symbol of perseverance, and people often use "golden flowers and plants" to compare him. Someone once commented on Kim Dae-jung: "He has rare courage and unshakable belief, and such a person will surely succeed." Kim Dae-jung himself said, "Only I can decide my luck and misfortune.
[Edit this paragraph] Overcome the crisis
At the beginning of his reign, Kim Dae-jung was tested by the Asian financial crisis. In the financial crisis, Kim Dae-jung's performance was really remarkable. During the crisis, Kim Dae-jung and his wife took the lead in giving away the gold jewelry collected at home. Kim Dae-jung also put down his presidential airs and volunteered to promote Korean tourism. So people all over the world saw the famous Korean tourism public service advertisement in the music of "Welcome to Korea" and remembered Kim Dae-jung's firm and confident expression.
Under the leadership of Kim Dae-jung, the Korean people showed extraordinary unity in the face of the financial crisis. Many newlyweds voluntarily cancel their honeymoon plans abroad, saving foreign exchange for the country. The Korean people also spontaneously set off a "patriotic movement of donating money." At that time, people holding gold jewelry and gold souvenirs could be seen on the streets of South Korea at any time, waiting in long queues for donations. Many people take out their dollars and change them into won in the bank.
Kim Dae-jung once said: "I have always maintained my conscience, whether in prison or on the verge of death, although it was some difficult experiences for me." Even if it is not good for you, even if your life is threatened or your interests are damaged, you must unswervingly act according to your conscience. " "It is not people who want to hate, but evil itself."
His opponent predicted more than once that once Kim Dae-jung came to power, he would take ruthless political revenge on this land. It is an indisputable fact that the day after Kim Dae-jung was elected president, he declared at the press conference that he would never take political revenge. On the fourth day after their election, former presidents Quan Douhuan and Lu Taiyu, who were imprisoned for corruption and dereliction of duty, were pardoned. Kim Dae-jung also said in public: After all, the two former presidents made great contributions to South Korea's economic take-off, and they also have extensive and deep roots in the industry. Setting them free will help to integrate the country and concentrate on saving the economy. People even saw four former presidents, Cui Guixia, Quan Doo-hwan, Lu Taiyu and Jin Yongsan, sitting on the rostrum at the official inauguration ceremony of Kim Dae-jung, which was unprecedented in South Korea.
On July 13, 2009, Kim Dae-jung was hospitalized with pneumonia, and was transferred to the intensive care unit twice on June 5438+05 and 23. /kloc-in August of 0/8, Kim Dae-jung died because of ineffective rescue.
[Edit this paragraph] chronology of major events
Born in Hoyimian, Jeollanam-do,1924;
1945 as a reporter in mokpo daily;
1950 captured during the war, sentenced to be shot and fled;
1954 entered the political arena and opposed the Li Chengwan policy;
196 1 elected as a member of parliament, and park chung-hee launched a military coup to invalidate the election;
1973 was kidnapped by the Korean Central Intelligence Department in Tokyo and forcibly escorted to South Korea for imprisonment;
1980, Quan Douhuan seized power by coup, and Kim Dae-jung was sentenced to death. Later, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison and deported.
1987 Jin Yongsan and Kim Dae-jung competed for the presidency, and Lu Taiyu was elected as a result;
1992 Kim Dae-jung was re-elected and lost to Jin Yongsan;
1997 He ran for the fourth time and finally won;
1became the first15th president of Korea on February 25th, 1998.
[Edit this paragraph] Kim Dae-jung's Political Initiative
economic reform
In the last year of Jin Yongsan's term, South Korea was hit by the Asian financial turmoil. After Kim Dae-jung took office from 65438 to 0998, he carried out four major reforms in enterprise, finance, public sector and employment system. During the crisis, Kim Dae-jung and his wife took the lead in giving away the gold jewelry collected at home. Kim Dae-jung succeeded in rapidly reviving the Korean economy.
Policy towards North Korea
Kim Dae-jung actively pursued his sunshine policy. In 2000, he held bilateral talks with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il for the first time, which won him the Nobel Peace Prize that year. However, he was later accused of bribing Kim Jong Il $65,438+0 to $500 million through Hyundai Group to facilitate the talks.
political thought
It is predicted that once Kim Dae-jung comes to power, he will retaliate against his persecutors. The day after Kim Dae-jung was elected president, he declared that he would never take political revenge. On the fourth day after their election, former presidents Quan Douhuan and Lu Taiyu, who were imprisoned for corruption and dereliction of duty, were pardoned.
China policy
Adjust the China policy from paying attention to political significance to a comprehensive policy that pays attention to practical interests. During the five-year term of Kim Dae-jung's government, remarkable achievements have been made in developing relations with China, and China and South Korea have established a comprehensive cooperative partnership.
[Edit this paragraph] quoted from Kim Dae-jung.
"Respect heaven and love others"-the quotation of Kim Dae-jung, who won the Nobel Peace Prize, is also his life motto.
"It is not people who want to hate, but evil itself."
"Whether in prison or on the verge of death, I always keep my conscience, although it is some difficult experiences for me. Even if it is not good for you, even if your life is threatened or your interests are damaged, you must unswervingly act according to your conscience. "
"Only I can decide my luck and misfortune."
"As long as we truly have national conscience and sincerity, we will certainly be able to move toward reunification."
"The most valuable gift contains the essence of warm interpersonal relationships. If it is mixed with the secular value of money and financial resources, the essence of the gift will fade. "
"In my opinion, Korean culture has become a culture of' hatred' ... In the whole historical process, we have been living in' hatred'."