With the gradual rise of China and the increasing uncertainty of China's external environment, Shenzhen, the pioneer of China's reform, is celebrating the 40th anniversary of the establishment of special economic zones. Shenzhen, with its rapid development and high-quality development, has proved to the world a powerful driving force for reform and opening up. Today, at a summit forum with the theme of "Never-ending progress-commemorating the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and enterprise spirit", many experts and scholars gathered together to discuss the motivation and password of Shenzhen miracle and look forward to the opportunities and direction of Shenzhen's future development.
Zhou Qiren, an economist and professor at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, pointed out that from "looking at manufacturing" to "wanting to manufacture", late innovation should become a new entrepreneurial spirit in Shenzhen. Only through technological innovation and scientific research and development can we gain uniqueness or cost advantage in products, and thus gain competitive advantage and respect in the international market.
China's economy is facing the dilemma of sharply rising costs.
Zhou Qiren believes that China's economy is entering a difficult period. If we say that 40 years ago, China entered the global competition through reform and opening up, and then at a very low cost, then this pattern has changed a lot today. "We have a hard ceiling above our heads, which is a developed country. Although they are full of contradictions and face many new problems of economic growth, they have unique economic advantages and can seize key products and key elements. "
Give two examples. When the American financial crisis broke out in 2008, Wall Street burned such a big hole in the global economy. But in 2008, there was a company in the United States called Apple, whose products redefined smart phones. Affected by the epidemic this year, the American economy is also facing great difficulties. However, Tesla, an electric car of an American company, is also enthusiastically sought after by global consumers, including China, and may need to redefine the automobile industry.
This unique advantage has always been high in global competition, especially in the fields of trade war and science and technology war. If there is no uniqueness, it won't work. This is the ceiling above us.
China was short of money decades ago, but now it is not short of money. When money enters the land and the natural environment, your cost will go up. The economy is running in an environment where money is not bad, and your costs are rising rapidly. In addition, there are the costs of market competition and legal costs. Look at the period of rapid economic growth in China. Nominal GDP increased by 8.6 times, total wages increased by 8.8 times, tax revenue increased by 16.7 times, and the most severe thing was that land transfer fees increased by 64 times. Behind these is the rapid increase in costs.
"Even if the epidemic disappears, it will be difficult for us to return to high-speed growth and medium-high-speed growth. In my opinion, this difficulty is structural. " Zhou Qiren said.
Solution: uniqueness+continuous cost advantage
How to deal with the rising cost line? Zhou Qiren pointed out that there are two ways, which are also the two main directions for discussing breakthroughs since 2007.
One direction is to organize production in a new way, push the cost item to the lower right, and you will find a curve that can continue to decline. Whether the government changes the business environment or enterprises optimize the environment, there is always the potential to control costs; The second direction is to buy higher-end equipment and develop new products with higher investment. If you produce products with higher added value, then this is the most important thing in the whole business world.
"Either you have the ability to produce what others want and others can't produce, or the cost is lower than others, so you can gain a foothold on these two things. In my language, one is uniqueness and the other is continuous cost advantage, which is the future development direction of China's economy. " Zhou Qiren said.
China market is a late-developing country. The characteristic of a late-developing country is that when you settle down to economic construction, the developed countries are already ahead. There is an artificial man in front of us. When we see it, we can make it immediately. This is the advantage of backwardness.
China has gone through several stages: in the first stage, it will not be built after seeing it; The second stage is to build slowly, but it is not good; The third stage is not well built, but the cost is low and the price is attractive enough; The fourth stage is to improve quality.
Zhou Qiren mentioned that Israel is a small country, but it has many unique things that many big countries don't have. Everyone knows Moore's law, how to make the information reserve rise and the heat not rise. Israel has solved this key technology, otherwise there would be no mobile internet, such a thin mobile phone and huge computing power. Israel can cite more than 65,438+000 such examples.
Late-comer innovation should become Shenzhen's new enterprise spirit.
Talking about Israel, Zhou Qiren pointed out that today we should define a new entrepreneurial spirit, that is, we should jump from "seeing creation" to "thinking creation" and combine it with basic research, applied research, universities, national scientific research institutes and industrial markets. "Because in the final analysis, enterprises still have to gain a competitive advantage through the uniqueness of products, and only with this thing can they get chips. If you only see creation, you will not think that there will be problems in global competition. "
Zhou Qiren believes that through technological innovation, China's industry has great potential. A small company in Foshan produces special gas, and as a result, this special gas has been recognized by ASML. Although the sample is small, its products have been sharpened. It is not enough to be bigger and stronger, but also sharper and harder. The more such products, the more chips China's private enterprises have on the global stage; Another example is Huawei. Huawei mobile phone system has become one of the 5G standards. Huawei actually used a paper by a scientist. This method is to transform papers and principles into technology and technology into competitive products.
"Today's situation tells us that it is not enough to just see creation and just follow it. Entrepreneurs in China, especially private entrepreneurs in Shenzhen, should build on this foundation. In the future, we can make some new achievements in the direction of' thinking about manufacturing' in five or ten years, so that we will win real respect in the world. " Zhou Qiren said.