I. Schmidt's Four Lectures on the Origin of the Earth (1949)
The famous Soviet geophysicist Schmidt's Four Lectures on the Origin of the Earth was translated and published in 1954. This book is based on the author's speech at the Institute of Geophysics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences at the end of 1948. Enlighten us to re-understand the origin of the universe and the earth with dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and enlighten China geologists who turned over with China's science to establish a brand-new view of the universe and the earth. It has a far-reaching impact on the development of geology in China, especially the geotectonics in China.
This book is divided into four parts.
Lecture 1: The basic situation summarizes the history and present situation of the theory of the origin of the earth, points out the key to the problem, and expounds my own views on this issue. At the same time, some old and new theories (including their respective theories) are discussed from the philosophical point of view; Lecture 2: Capture theory introduces the basic phenomenon of the author's theory-"capture" phenomenon and proves the possibility of "capture", because this phenomenon was generally suspected by the scientific community before 1947; The third lecture: the basic laws of planetary system, based on his theory, systematically explain a series of basic characteristics of the solar system (such as the law of the distance from the planet to the sun, the orbital plane of the planet, the law of rotation and the law of satellites); Lecture 4: Planet Earth applied this theory to geophysics and made some new evaluations on some physical properties of the Earth (such as internal structure, internal heat, age, stratigraphic differentiation, etc.). ).
Second, kosygin's Principles of Geotectonics in Oil-bearing Areas (1995).
The original work is divided into eight chapters. The first five chapters discuss the general theory of geotectonics, and the last three chapters describe the regional geological structure of oil-bearing areas in the Soviet Union. The Chinese version is published in two volumes, the first volume is the first five chapters, and the second volume is the last three chapters.
This book was translated by the Compilation Office of the Geological Department and reviewed by Mr. Zhang Wenyou, Mr. Ye Lianjun and Mr. Wu.
The book is about 300,000 words, which can be read by oil and gas geologists. Because the first volume discusses the general theory of geotectonics, it can also be used as a reference for other professional geologists. Its directory is as follows:
The first of two or three volumes.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Section 1 Tasks and Methods of Structural Geology Research
Section II History of Knowledge Development in the Field of Structural Geology
Chapter II Geological Structure
Including introduction, bedding, the significance of rock occurrence and thickness in geological structure, folds, faults (faults and reverse faults), joints and cleavage, diapir folds and mud volcanoes, salt mounds and pseudo-structural changes.
Chapter III Basic Tectonic Units of the Crust (Platform Area and Geosyncline Area)
Including the introduction, the distribution of geosynclines and platforms on the earth; The development direction of the basic tectonic units of the crust (platform and geosyncline); Construction of geosyncline area and platform area.
Chapter IV Crustal Movement studies the development of geological structures and expounds the characteristics of crustal movement according to sedimentary data, observes the latest and modern crustal movement to judge the possible tectonic movement in the past geological years, and studies the nature, geophysics, earthquakes, materials, types and characteristics of tectonic movement and its causes.
Chapter 5: The mechanical mechanism of geological structure formation includes: introduction, basic types of structural deformation, mechanical mechanism of fold formation, mechanical mechanism of fracture change, mechanical mechanism of salt dome formation, calculation of crustal buckling in geometric and mechanical relations of geological structure, structural model experiment and similarity principle.
The last of two or three volumes.
Chapter VI Structural Regionalization of the Soviet Union
Chapter VII Geological Structure of Oil-bearing Area of Russian Platform
Section 1 Introduction
Section II Structure and Geological Development History of Russian Platform
The third part summarizes the changes of caprock in different areas after Proterozoic, such as Russian platform, Moscow (central Russia) depression, Belorossilat and Voronezh blocks, Volga-Ural region, pre-Ural depression, Caspian depression, Dnieper-Donetsk depression, Ukrainian crystalline block and its slope.
Chapter VIII Basic geotectonic problems of Soviet Union's southern Alps fold area, Black Sea coastal depression and Carpathian mountains, Azov-Kuban depression and stavropol plateau, telek-Karaboga depression, Black Sea depression, South Caspian depression, Turkmen-Tajik depression, Fergana depression III and Belousov (65438+)
This book is translated from the book "Basic Problems of Tectonics" by B.B. Belousov, a Communication Academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The Chinese version is published in two volumes. The first volume includes the first four articles and the second volume includes the last five articles. The directory is as follows:
The first of two or three volumes.
Foreword and original preface in the translation of Basic Problems of Construction
The first paper is about the research method and development history of geotectonics as a science.
The first chapter is the object and task of geotectonics as scientific geotectonics. A branch of geotectonics; The position of geotectonics in other geological departments; The independence of geotectonics as a branch of geology; Main methods of studying geotectonics; Practical and theoretical significance of geotectonics.
The second chapter is the main development stages and present situation of geotectonics.
The main development stages of geotectonics before the 18th century; Main fire theory, main water theory and uplift theory; 1achievements in structural geology at the end of the 8th century1the beginning of the 9th century; Contraction theory and its methodological defects; The formation of Russian geotectonic school; The present situation of geotectonics.
The deep structure of the earth and the origin of its composition
Chapter III Deep Structure and Composition of the Earth, Energy and Age of the Earth, Shape and Size of the Earth
Study the earth structure according to seismic data; Density distribution inside the earth; Hardness and viscosity of the earth; Pressure, temperature and chemical composition of the crust.
The fourth chapter is the origin of the earth, the state and composition of the earth's materials, and the origin of the earth; Pre-geological period of earth development; Chemical composition and energy inside the earth; The age of the earth.
The third is the main occurrence of rocks.
Chapter V Original production of rocks, sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks.
Chapter 6: Continuous change-one of the secondary production forms of rock, the continuous change in twisted, curved, large-scale downward depression and upward arch, syncline and anticline, syncline and anticlinorium, morphological characteristics of folds and intermittent folds, intermediate folds (ridge folds and drawer folds) and massive intrusive rocks.
Chapter VII Fracture Change-Secondary Occurrence of Rock (II)
Include fracture, fault displacement, fault solution, transition fault, normal fault, thrust fault, overthrust fault and complex fault displacement.
Chapter VIII Changes of Internal Structure, Primary Structure of Rock and Secondary Structure of Rock
Chapter 9: tectonic assemblage: historical assemblage of tectonic bodies, mechanical assemblage of tectonic bodies, regional assemblage of tectonic bodies, and particularity of tectonic changes in Archaean strata.
Chapter 10 Types of Tectonic Movement
Chapter IV Oscillation Tectonic Movement
Chapter 11: The expression of modern oscillation and the latest oscillation, the methods of studying modern oscillation and some results of applying these methods, the distribution of modern oscillation and the significance of studying modern oscillation in the crust.
Chapter 12: Oscillations in past geological times: signs of small oscillations in geological sections, landforms of oscillations, and the relationship between oscillations and landforms.
Chapter 13: the influence of crustal oscillation on the formation of sedimentary lithofacies and thickness, the relationship between lithofacies and thickness, the formation mechanism of sedimentary thickness, the formation mechanism of sedimentary facies and the formation of layers; Conclusion.
In chapter 14, oscillation methods, such as thickness method, lithofacies method, indirect method, structural interpretation examples of sedimentary strata profile and volume method, are studied.
Chapter 15: Some general characteristics of crustal oscillation: types of oscillation, regression of oscillation, small discontinuity of general oscillation, periodicity of general oscillation, complexity of general oscillation, various situations of fluctuation, coordination of fluctuation between geosyncline and platform, and uplift and depression of waves.
Chapter XVI History of Oscillation (1) The history and law of geosyncline oscillation: the general situation of geosyncline oscillation, the oscillation of Tafl- Caucasus and alpine geosyncline, and the development of other geosyncline oscillations in the Soviet Union, Tianshan Mountains, central Kazakhstan, Siberian lowlands and southwestern Siberia; The oscillation development of some geosynclines abroad, Kerzibri geosyncline in Britain and Caledonian geosyncline, some conclusions about the development law of geosyncline, the degree of synchronization of geosyncline development, the transition from one cycle to another in geosyncline history, and some controversial issues about the oscillation development of geosyncline. (2) The history of the oscillation of the platform (Russian platform). (3) The relationship between geosyncline and platform in space and time.
Chapter 17 is the basic concept of sedimentary construction, the sedimentary construction of geosyncline, the sedimentary construction of platform and the general conclusion.
The last of two or three volumes.
Chapter 18 is about the concept of fixed deformation: deformation and stress.
Chapter 19 some problems of pure folding mechanism: the "ability" of rock strata in the process of folding; Mechanism elements of strata extrusion into conformal folds; On the formation mechanism of directional structure.
Chapter 20: Formation of space-time holographic fold: fold belt and platform; Slow folding or short folding curtain? The period and events of holofold.
Chapter 2 1: the development history of holomorphic folds and its relationship with oscillatory motion; Migration of fold curtain in geosyncline; Basic characteristics of geosyncline fold development under the background of oscillatory motion.
Chapter 22: the dynamics of folds, the direction of fold forces and the formation conditions of pure folds; The redistribution of materials in the crust along the plane is the basis of folds; Some methodological insights.
Chapter 23 Formation conditions of intermittent folds and intermediate folds; The role of hidden terrain in the formation of intermittent folds; The direction of the force that forms the intermittent folds; The development of intermittent folds in time; The relationship between the formation process of intermittent folds and crustal oscillation; Mechanical transformation during the formation of intermittent folds; The formation conditions of diapir dome; Intermittent folding movement; Collapse at the top of intermittent folds; Intermittent groove; Modern surface deformation related to intermittent fold growth; Unity of intermittent folds and full-shape folds; Formation conditions of intermediate fold.
Chapter VI Fault Tectonic Movement
Chapter 24 Some data of the physical theory of solid failure
Chapter 25 Formation mechanism of structural faults: tensile faults, compressive faults and shear faults.
Chapter 26: Tectonic conditions for the formation of fault changes: tension, compression and shear, accompanying phenomena of fault changes, and modern features of fault movement.
Chapter 27 the position of fault tectonic movement in the overall development of earth structure
Chapter VII Magmatic Activity and Structure
Chapter 28 Intrusive magma bedrock, fissure intrusion, hydrothermal vein, layered intrusion, "small" intrusion and scattered injectables.
Chapter XXIX Eruptive Magmatic Activity Chapter XXXX Overview of Magmatic Activity and Its Development Conditions, Some Problems of Geochemical Circles, General Law of Magmatic Activity Process and Some Geochemical Problems.
The eighth chapter is an overview of the whole tectonic development process and modern tectonics. Chapter 3 1 has two views on the structural nature of the ocean; Research methods of ocean structure; Application of bathymetry in the study of marine structure: the structural properties of the ocean.
Chapter 32 Overview of the whole tectonic development process
Chapter 33 Principles of geotectonic zoning: geotectonic maps with different scales, different uses and different principles; According to the type of structural development.
Chapter 34 Brief introduction of modern geological structure of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, Central America and South America, Australia and Oceania.
The ninth chapter is the reason for the development of geotectonics.
The most important structural hypotheses in Chapter 35 are contraction theory, equilibrium theory, Boushall pulsation theory, Obruchev and Usov pulsation theory, radioactive circulation theory, continental drift theory, magma flow theory, gravity folding theory, wave theory, lithosphere theory and radioactive migration theory.
Chapter 36: The modern concept of the cause of formation of tectonic process, the material differentiation as the basis of the earth's development, and the tectonic results of the earth's material differentiation process.
Several conclusions four. Comparative tectonics of ancient platforms by H.C. Shadski (1959).
This book selects and translates five papers on comparative geotectonics of ancient platforms written by H.C. Shadowski, a famous Soviet geotectonist. These papers were written by the authors of 1946 to 1955, and published in the geological series of the Journal of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and the bulletin of the Moscow Association of Natural Science Workers. Through the analysis of a large number of geological data in these papers, the author expressed his views on several important issues in geotectonics, established several laws, and made important contributions to the further development of geotectonics. Through the selection and translation of this book, we can basically understand the theory of the Soviet geotectonic school and the geotectonic thought of Academician Shaski, the leader of this school. The directory is as follows:
The basic characteristics of the structure and development of the platform in eastern Europe: the Greater Donbass and Wichita systems; The theory of tectonic relationship between platform and folded geosyncline includes the deep changes of platform and folded area (Volga River basin and Caucasus).
Etiology of horse depression
Verb (abbreviation of verb) A number of professional theoretical works on structural geology 1. B.B Belousov's Structural Faults and Their Types and Formation Structures (1955).
This book introduces the research results of Belousov, an academician of the Soviet Academy of Communications, on the formation and mechanism of geological structural faults. The book is divided into four chapters, which systematically expounds the classification, formation mechanism and geological conditions of structural faults.
2.ив. Some Problems of Fold Formation by Kirilova (1958).
This book discusses the view of fold formation structure, the internal structural elements of modern deformation structures at all levels, the analysis of the relationship between internal structural elements, and some conclusions of fold formation and development structure. At the same time, the author also discusses the regional geological structure of the studied area.
3.3.a. a. ritzky(белицкий) "Classification of Structural Faults and Geometric Research Methods" (printed in 1954- 1958 for four times).
On the basis of criticizing and analyzing the existing detailed fault classification, the author of this book puts forward a more reasonable fault classification combined with his experience in studying fault morphology in Kutbas complex structure area. At the same time, the corresponding fracture analysis method is also introduced. This method can not only clarify the cause of fracture under certain conditions, but also explain the relative position of the fracture part of the rock stratum, which is of special significance for finding the dislocation part of the rock stratum.
4. ббетрущевскии from Petrusevski (18).
Based on the development history of various viewpoints on earthquake zoning, this book demonstrates the geological conditions of earthquake zoning, especially systematically comments on the methods of earthquake zoning of existing schools. Finally, the author of this book is бааааааааааааааааааааа.
5. иеее. Gu Bin (1962) used the seismic tectonic method to divide the seismic area.
Based on many years' experience in earthquake work, the author of Seismotectonic Law summarizes the close relationship between earthquake distribution and structural faults, and puts forward that seismotectonic method can be used for earthquake zoning.
This book contains four papers: the first one introduces the basic viewpoints and contents of seismic tectonic methods; The second part is the reply to the criticism; The third and fourth chapters are the author's practical experience in earthquake zoning.
Nikolayev (1959).
This book covers the tasks, theories and methods of neotectonics research in China, the neotectonics in Eurasia and its expression rules, some theoretical problems of studying neotectonics and understanding geotectonics, and the principles and methods of compiling neotectonic maps. In addition, there are two lectures devoted to loess problems closely related to neotectonic research and some methodological problems of engineering geological exploration in water conservancy construction, which have many methodological references for drawing a new tectonic movement map of China.
7. Some problems about neotectonics and geomorphology
This book has selected and translated *** 1 1 papers on neotectonic movement and geomorphology, focusing on the modern geological period of crustal movement, introducing the drawing method of neotectonic map and neotectonic movement results in Soviet Union, and discussing the influence of Paleogene-Neogene and Quaternary Paleozoic tectonic framework on the uplift of North Tianshan Mountain; Secondly, it discusses the special geomorphologic mapping of Cenozoic tectonic basins and the study of seismic structures by geomorphological methods, especially introduces the views of Soviet scholars on the topographic development and geomorphological zoning in northern China.
Others include Bujarov's Structural Geology and Field Geology (1955), Pavlov's Structural Geology Terminology (1964) and Pavlin's Structural Geology and Geological Mapping (1957).
According to the author's recollection, in the mid-1950s and 1960s, although Soviet tectonic geology (Soviet geotectonic school) was mainly used as teaching materials and reference books, some important works of western tectonic geology at that time were widely spread and used for reference, such as:
(1){ Australia} Hilly (E.S.) Tectonic Geological Elements, translated by Pan Guangming, Longmen Bookstore, 1952, 1957.
(2){ America} Eardley North American tectonic geology 195 1 year 1, 2.
(3) DeSitter (L.U.) Structural Geology, translated by Zhang Wenyou, 1964, Science Press.
(4) Russell (Lussll, W.L.) Structural Geology of Petroleum Geologists (translated by Xu Weiman, 1964, Science Press).
(5) Russell (W.L.Lussll) Principles of Petroleum Geology, translated by Zhang Wenyou, Science Press, 1964.
(6) Stiehler (H. Stelle) Grundfragen der Verglechenden Tektonik (although there is no official translation, it is widely circulated).
(7) Billings M.P structural geology, translated by Wang Chaojun.
(8) Holmes B.E. Outline of Structural Geology (9) newhouse's Relationship between Geological Structures and Mineral Deposits (10){ America} Zhu Xia translated Dynamic Geology, Geological Publishing House, 1976.
(1 1) Global Structure and Petroleum Exploration (12){ Germany} Ramsey J.G. Modern Structural Geology Methods (Vol.1 and 2), Geological Press, 199 1 year.
The author noticed that the above-mentioned works are some of the works that I have consulted or browsed in my editing work, and most of them are suspected of "hanging a leak".