(2) Signature (author) (including unit and cooperator)

(3) Abstract (including Chinese and English abstracts and keywords, etc.). )

4 introduction.

⑤ Materials and methods.

⑥ Results (including charts and their notes, etc.). )

⑦ Discussion (including conclusion)

(8) thanks.

9 References (References)

abstract

For the convenience of readers, an abstract of about 200 ~ 250 words is printed in bold before the text of the paper, and the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the research work are briefly described.

Try to be concise and reflect the main content of the full text.

Select 3 ~ 8 keywords according to the content. The main purpose is to facilitate the compilation or inclusion in computer retrieval, and to use the terms in the standard Thesaurus as much as possible.

cite

Also known as preface, introduction or preface, it is a short paragraph at the beginning of the article, which briefly explains the purpose and significance of this study, points out the research methods and approaches, and also includes the history, present situation, previous methods, achievements and viewpoints of this study, as well as its enlightenment to itself.

The introduction plays a guiding role for readers. When writing the introduction, avoid digression or formulation. When the abbreviations of uncommon English terms first appear in the text, the full names should be written in Chinese notes.

Materials and methods

The material part should explain the specific experimental observation object, the source, model and specification of the instruments and reagents used, the source, name, strain, sex, weight and health status of the experimental animals.

In the method part, it focuses on how to obtain the research objects and data, so that readers can understand the representativeness of samples, comparability between groups, accuracy of indicators and observation methods. Write down the details of the experimental steps in detail so that others can repeat the verification. Biological experiments must set up a control group.

fructification

The result part is the essence of the paper, and the description must be true, specific and accurate. After the audit, the experimental detection data are statistically processed and expressed in words and charts in logical order.

The results of scientific research papers are mostly in three forms, namely tables, charts and text descriptions. The form should have a preface and a title. There should be drawing numbers and notes under the drawing, and important parts in the drawing should be marked. Original experimental records or photos should be used, and photocopies or photocopies are not allowed.

Words, data and symbols are important means to express scientific research achievements and conclusions. The words should be concise, clear and definite, the results should be expressed by mathematical expressions, various symbols should be used correctly, and the data and conclusions that do not conform to subjective assumptions should be analyzed objectively, and it is not advisable to use too many words to explain them.

discuss

It is an important part of the article to analyze, compare, explain, infer or predict the experimental and observation results in theory, or to discuss the experimental basis with oneself and conclusions, and explain the theoretical and practical significance of the experimental results. Compared with the advanced level at home and abroad, the future research direction is pointed out. In the discussion, we should avoid subjective inference or immature conclusions unrelated to the experimental results.

Thank you speech

The writing of the paper is bound to get help in many ways. Helpful to work (such as comrades and groups who have participated in a certain job, undertaken a certain task, made useful suggestions or given some guidance, etc.). Write a thank you at the beginning or end of the article. Thanks should be sincere and practical, not just polite.

refer to

The functions of references are listed as follows: ① to demonstrate the author's argument and inspire the author to think; ② Compared with the author's experimental results; ③ It reflects the serious attitude towards scientific research, and also provides relevant literature clues for readers to further study.

The number of cited references should not be too large, about 10 papers and about 20 review articles.

All the cited documents should be consulted by the author himself, and more attention should be paid to citing relevant papers published in authoritative professional magazines in recent years.

When listing references, they should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the article.

A complete reference book (book) should list the author (translator is indicated in the translation), title, page number, publishing house, publication time, edition number, etc.

A complete reference (paper) should list the author of the document, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the year/volume/issue, the starting and ending pages, etc.