The magnificent French Revolution ended with Napoleon's coronation ceremony, but with the help of Mr. Huang Renyu's grand historical concept, we believe that this revolution is still affecting generations of enthusiastic people, bringing back a hundred years of history and deeply shaking the explorer's persistent heart. As Fichte said in "The Mission of Man", "I March forward with firm steps within the known range of my world, and dare to seek life and happiness at any time according to the truth of my beliefs." If we have a deep conscience and don't want to repeat the tragedy of jacobin's public security dictatorship, we have to go through history and trace it back to the thrilling struggle of 1789. The struggle began with the capture of the Bastille, but that was only the fuse of the revolution, and all the factors that contributed to the revolution were prepared in advance. In fact, European countries in the18th century are not typical years of revolution. Their daily life is not poor, and the contradiction between the rulers and the lower classes has not intensified to the point where they have to change dynasties. They are relatively open-minded politically and the people have a certain degree of freedom. The royal families in almost all countries are carrying out orderly reforms to varying degrees. This situation even made Tocqueville think that the French Revolution was unnecessary; However, why did the revolution appear and sweep across Europe? Throughout the history of Europe, we will find that since the Renaissance, a new factor has grown up day by day, making the original power order gradually lose its ancient foundation. This factor is "society". Before the French Revolution, European countries were always monarchies. Like Emperor Kangxi, Louis XIV declared that "I am a country", and no one questioned it. Once upon a time, the society dormant under the cover of Wang Quanhua began to wake up and grow rapidly. Interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complex, and there are more and more horizontal organizations (equal rights organizations). The king's country cannot fully accommodate the whole society. The opposition between "state" and "society" has become the most serious political crisis in Europe. In the era when the state must be redefined, society needs its own power, and the crisis of power puts the whole of Europe in a precarious situation. As Watkins pointed out in this consequence: "As a result of replacing the medieval dualism of politics and religion with secular dualism (state-society), people who are not familiar with the government tradition have to bear positive political responsibilities." Almost every outstanding enlightenment thinker in Europe is talking about power, and freedom and equality are born in the sense of power. Now that the revolutionary psychology of society has sprouted, how is the French nation performing at the historical juncture? When Tocqueville inspected American democracy, he saw that "the reason why the United States can maintain a democratic system should be attributed to the natural environment, the legal system and the people's feelings." ..... However, they should be graded according to their contributions. In my opinion, the natural environment is not as good as the legal system, and the legal system is not as good as the people's feelings. "A nation's cultural accumulation has a comprehensive and significant impact on a country's rule of law construction, especially on its political situation. The French nation is a great nation, passionate and advocating rationality. Everyone in France talks about politics, just as the British always talk about the weather when they meet, and they are called "political nation" in the world. Out of concern for politics, they pay attention to revolution; However, the thorough goal of the Great Revolution made the revolution take everyone as its enemy, and the strong resistance made the revolutionaries anxious and fearful. The French people's mentality of valuing power over law makes them deeply distrust the constitution-making after the Great Revolution and still place their hopes on authority. Therefore, Napoleon appeared at the right time, which just met the psychological needs of the French. The subsequent struggle with the monarchy was just a repetition of the people's inner struggle. The result of persistently advocating openness and pursuing absolute equality is that revolutionaries can't help but bring the passion of daily life into politics during the revolutionary journey, and political romanticism has also brought devastating consequences. If a great movement is bound to produce great leaders, there must be great thinkers behind the movement to lay the foundation for the theory. Without Rousseau, there would be no French Revolution. Different from Montesquieu's gentle noble progressive thought, Rousseau's political philosophy is radical and firm. There is no doubt that Rousseau is the theoretical source of the French Revolution. At first, people only talked about adjusting class relations, but soon they began to run quickly and went straight to the pure concept of democracy. At first, people quoted and commented on Montesquieu, but in the end, they only talked about Rousseau, who became a revolutionary mentor and remained the only mentor in the early days of the Great Revolution. Rousseau may be the most advanced genius in the history of thought, because what he invented (or guessed) later entangled the whole 19 and the 20th century. In fact, Rousseau was not "responsible" for the Great Revolution, but it was he who unintentionally created the cultural materials of revolutionary consciousness and practice. The factors inducing revolution are various, and the development of history is often unexpected. After all, "revolution is a rapid, fundamental and drastic domestic change in a society's dominant values and myths, as well as its political system, social structure, leadership system, political activities and policies. "Now that the revolution has broken out, what should we do next? Gong Shidang thinks: "Revolution generally has two stages: in the first stage, people unanimously hope to overthrow the system that everyone can't stand; "In the second stage, the movement was artificially continued. It is no longer natural, and its goal is to try to overthrow everything that is contrary to the system advocated by a few people. If rational people can stop the revolution in the first stage, the chances of success are enormous. Such a revolution is short-lived, pleasant and with the least bloodshed. " "The revolutionaries of the French Revolution, out of hatred for tyranny, rose up against oppression and fought against Daniel. They are not inferior to those who Webster praised as "fighting for a manifesto" and "fighting for a manifesto for seven years." However, the Great Revolution did not succeed as expected, and it has been paying a huge price for the continuous revolution. It overthrew the old dynasty that led to "public misfortune and government corruption" with the call of "the first declaration of human rights in human history" (in Marxist language), but it still hoped to solve the moral problems that human beings could not solve at all in the revolution. The thorough revolution finally disintegrated the revolution itself, and its legitimacy was questioned, leading to alienation.