First, the development history and trend of mechatronics technology

Since the emergence of electronic technology, the combination of electronic technology and mechanical technology began, but semiconductor integrated circuits, especially large-scale integrated circuits represented by microprocessors, appeared. The mechatronics% 26quot technology has made obvious progress, which has aroused people's extensive concern.

( 1)% 26 quot； Development course of mechatronics% 26quot

1. The appearance of CNC machine tools wrote the first page of the history of "mechatronics"

2. Microelectronics technology is% 26quot mechatronics% 26 # 39; %26#39; Bring vitality;

3. Programmable controller, the development of% 26quot power electronic equipment% 26quot electromechanical integration% 26 quot provides a solid foundation;

4. New technologies such as laser technology, fuzzy technology and information technology have made "26 quot mechatronics" leap to a new level. (2)% 26 quot； Development trend of mechatronics% 26quot

1. Photoelectric integration. General electromechanical system consists of sensing system, energy system, information processing system, mechanical structure and other components. Therefore, introducing optical technology and realizing its inherent advantages can effectively improve the sensing system, energy (power) system and information processing system of electromechanical integration system. Optoelectronic integration is an important trend in the development of electromechanical products.

2. Systematization of self-discipline distribution-flexibility. In the future mechatronics products, the control and execution system has enough redundancy and strong flexibility, and can better cope with emergencies, so it is designed as a "self-discipline distribution system". In an autonomous distributed system, each subsystem works independently, serves the whole system, has its own "self-discipline", and can make different responses according to different environmental conditions. Its characteristic is that the subsystem can generate its own information and attach the given information. Under the premise, the specific "action" can be changed. In this way, the adaptability (flexibility) of the system is obviously increased, and the whole system is not affected by a subsystem failure.

3. Holographic systematization-intelligence. In the future, the "holographic" characteristics of mechatronics products will become more and more obvious, and the level of intelligence will become higher and higher. This is mainly due to the development of fuzzy technology and information technology (especially software and chip technology). In addition, the hierarchical structure of its system has also changed from a simple "top-down" situation to a complex and redundant two-way connection.

4. "Biology-software"-bionic systematization. The future mechatronics equipment is highly dependent on information, and the structure is often unstable when it is "static" but stable when it is dynamic (working). This is somewhat similar to a living creature: when the control system (brain) stops working, the creature "dies", but when the control system (brain) works, the creature is very energetic. Some excellent biological institutions have been found in the field of bionics research, which can provide new bodies for mechatronics products, but how to make these new bodies have fresh "life" needs further study. This research field is called "biology-software" or "biological system", and biology is characterized by the fusion of hardware (body) and software (brain). It seems that although mechatronics products are developing towards biological systematization, they have a long way to go.

5. Microcomputer electrochemistry-miniaturization. At present, sub-micron mechanical parts have been manufactured in the laboratory by using etching technology in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices. When this achievement is applied to actual products, there is no need to distinguish between mechanical parts and controllers. At that time, machinery and electronics can be completely "integrated", and the body, actuator, sensor, CPU and so on can be integrated together, and the volume is very small, forming a self-discipline element. This micromechanics is an important development direction of mechatronics.

Third, typical mechatronics products

Mechatronics products are divided into systems (complete machines), basic components and components. Typical mechatronics systems include: CNC machine tools, robots, automotive electronic products, intelligent instruments, electronic typesetting and printing systems, CAD/CAM systems, etc. Typical mechatronics components and components include: power electronic devices and devices, programmable controllers, fuzzy controllers, micromotors, sensors, application specific integrated circuits, servo mechanisms, etc. The analysis of the technical status, development trend and market prospect of these typical mechatronics products is omitted.

Fourthly, the situation and task of developing "mechatronics" in Beijing.

The work of mechatronics mainly includes two aspects: one is to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology, with the aim of saving energy and materials, improving work efficiency and product quality, and improving the technological progress of traditional industries; The second is to develop automatic, digital and intelligent mechanical and electrical products and promote product upgrading.

The former is superficial work and promotion work; The latter is to improve the work and do deeper work.

(A) Beijing's "mechatronics" work facing the situation

1. It is difficult to transform traditional industries with microelectronics technology in Beijing.

(1) Among the more than 700 enterprises in Beijing's industrial system, more than 60% have not completed the task of transforming machine tools, industrial kilns, fans and pumps and production processes with microelectronic technology.

(2) There are more than 2,000 machine tools in Beijing's industrial system, which urgently needs to be transformed with microelectronics technology; About 15% of the nearly 6,500 machine tools that have been modified need further modification.

3) There are nearly 250 industrial furnaces and kilns in Beijing industrial system that need to be reformed by electronic information technology; It is necessary to further apply fuzzy technology to the reconstruction of the 6 10 industrial furnace.

(4) There is still a big gap in the application of industrial system CAD in Beijing. At present, the application rate of CAD in industrial product design in Beijing is only 17% (while it has exceeded 85% in the United States, Japan and other countries; Domestic advanced areas also exceeded 30%); The coverage rate of CAD is only 1 1% (while the national leading group of CAD application engineering pointed out that during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, large and medium-sized enterprises should reach 35%, and small and medium-sized backbone enterprises should reach15%-20%; According to the request of State Councilor Song Jian, we should basically get rid of the drawing board in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

(5) The installed capacity of various fans and electric pumps in Beijing's industrial system is 500,000 kilowatts, and there are still more than 490,000 kilowatts of transformation tasks with variable speed regulation technology, accounting for about 99.5% of the total tasks.

(6) Industry is the main energy consumer in cities. From 65438 to 0992, the industrial system in Beijing accounted for 59.5% of the total energy consumption in the city. However, Beijing is a city with a serious energy shortage. 1992, the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan output value of Beijing industrial system was 2.47 tons, which was 57% higher than that of 1.57 tons in Shanghai, 2. 15 tons in Tianjin and 14% higher than that of advanced industrialized countries. Therefore, the task of energy saving and consumption reduction in Beijing industrial system is very heavy, and power electronics technology is the trump card of energy saving and consumption reduction.

2. There is a high voice and pressure for Beijing to use mechatronics technology to accelerate product upgrading and increase market share. There are about 30,000 kinds of industrial products in Beijing, and about 3,000 kinds of new products are developed and trial-produced every year, and the upgrading cycle is very long. Because the speed of upgrading cannot keep up with the needs of market changes, it affects the competitiveness of Beijing's industrial products.

From 65438 to 0993, Beijing industrial system produced about 837 kinds of mechatronics products, accounting for only about 7.8% of the total products produced in that year. Among them, the main products of the mechanical bureau system are about 1200, and only more than 4% of the electromechanical integration products are less than 150; There are 350 main products in the system of Instrument and Meter Corporation, and 2 10 electromechanical integration products, accounting for 60%. The total number of main products in light industry system is 649, and electromechanical integration and intelligent products are 15, accounting for about 2.3%. The average total cost of the system of China Automotive Industry Corporation is 35,000 yuan per vehicle, and the average cost of installing electronic products per vehicle is about 300 yuan, which is not 1% of the total cost. It is far from the advanced level of about 28% abroad; About half of the domestic advanced level.

3. It is meaningful for Beijing to replace electromechanical integration products with low technical content and added value, high energy consumption, water consumption and consumables, and heavy responsibility for pollution and nuisance. In Beijing's industrial system, enterprises that consume a lot of energy and water and cause serious environmental pollution still account for a considerable proportion, and many enterprises are located in urban areas and suburbs. In recent years, although Beijing's industrial structure and product structure have been adjusted many times, the effect has not been obvious enough for various reasons. Of course, there are many problems caused by higher authorities, such as "leaving home" and "returning to the old job", but there are also undeniable problems such as not optimizing the ideal industry and choosing the favorite products. The best answer has long been placed in front of these enterprises, that is, to develop electromechanical integration and develop and produce related electromechanical integration products. Mechatronics products have strong functions, good performance, high quality, low cost and strong flexibility. They can be adjusted and reformed according to the market demand and the product structure and production technology reflected by users without changing the equipment. This is an important way to solve the problem of multi-variety and small batch production of mechanical and electrical products. At the same time, it can inject fresh blood into the traditional machinery industry, bring new vitality, liberate mechanical production from heavy manual labor and realize civilized production.

In addition, from the perspective of market demand, due to the short history of research and development of electromechanical integration products in China, the variety, quantity, grade and quality of many products can not meet the demand, and the annual import volume is relatively large, which is in urgent need of development.

(B) Beijing's "mechatronics" task

Beijing's task in mechatronics can be summarized in two sentences: first, transform traditional industries extensively and deeply with mechatronics technology; There is also a saying that mechanical and electrical products should be developed in a big way to promote the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products. The overall purpose is to promote the formation of mechatronics industry and contribute to the adjustment of industrial structure and product structure in Beijing.

1. Key points of applying mechatronics technology to transform traditional industries in Beijing

(1) vigorously use fuzzy technology to transform industrial furnaces to a new level.

Successful examples at home and abroad show that the application of fuzzy technology to transform industrial furnaces is much better than simply using computer and PID technology. Therefore, we suggest that Beijing should vigorously promote the application of fuzzy technology in the transformation of industrial furnaces and kilns in the future. By the year 2000, nearly 250 industrial furnaces that should be rebuilt but have not been rebuilt should all be rebuilt by using advanced electronic information technology such as fuzzy technology, and 80% of them should be rebuilt by using fuzzy technology.

(2) Actively adopt numerical control technology, and the transformation of high standby machine tools will reach a new level.

The transformation of machine tool equipment should focus on the popularization and application of economical CNC system. According to the need and possibility, by 1995, the transformation rate of machine tools and equipment (8420 sets) to be transformed in Beijing will reach over 80%, and the transformation will be completed by the end of this century.

(3) Efforts should be made to popularize the frequency conversion speed regulation technology and raise the fan electric pump to a new height.

Fans and electric pumps can generally save electricity by more than 20% after adopting frequency conversion speed regulation, and the effect is very remarkable. Therefore, in the future, Beijing will focus on popularizing and applying AC variable frequency speed regulation technology. By 1995, 60% of the fans and electric pumps should be transformed with frequency conversion speed regulation technology; By the end of this century, speed regulating motors such as fans and electric pumps will be widely used in Beijing; Adopt advanced frequency conversion speed regulation technology.

Development and production capacity of "power electronics": During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, master the batch production technology of the second generation power electronic devices and the development technology of the third generation power electronic devices. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the production of the third generation power electronic devices should form an economic batch. In the application of power electronic products, switching power supply, high frequency power supply and inverter power supply will become the fist products during the eighth five-year plan period; AC variable frequency speed regulating device should reach the level of mass production; High-frequency electronic ballast should be exported to earn foreign exchange; During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, Beijing will form a high-tech industry with comprehensive supporting capabilities for research, production, development and popularization of power electronic devices.

Development and production capacity of fuzzy controller: during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, Beijing will be built into a national development and production base for fuzzy technology controllers, and typical products of fuzzy technology control systems for industrial furnace transformation, pressure, temperature and flow control will be developed; Fuzzy technology is gradually applied to household appliances. 1995, the popularization rate of fuzzy controllers for household appliances such as air conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and electric fans will reach 15%, 20%, 5%, 15% and 8% respectively. By the end of this century, the penetration rate of home appliance fuzzy technology in Beijing will reach more than 50%.

Development and production capacity of other mechatronics products: microcomputer-controlled multi-color printing machines should rank first in the country; The development and production of electronic medical instruments will strive to make a big breakthrough in the eighth five-year plan, and the variety and output of the ninth five-year plan will occupy a leading position in the country; During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the power generation equipment represented by the 300,000-kilowatt steam turbine generator set should form a comprehensive supporting capacity and achieve economies of scale; Digital and intelligent instruments and meters and automation devices should be manufactured in varieties and batches. ...

In a word, mechatronics technology is not only the fresh blood and source power to revitalize the traditional electromechanical industry, but also the key to open the door of product structure and industrial structure adjustment of Beijing electromechanical industry. If Beijing achieves the above two goals of "mechatronics", then by the end of this century, Beijing will form a mechatronics industry with sales exceeding 20 billion yuan. Among them, the sales of electromechanical integration equipment such as CNC machine tools, electromechanical integration printing systems, new electronic medical equipment and digital intelligent instruments and meters can exceed 654.38+0.5 billion yuan; The sales of "power electronics" can exceed 2 billion yuan; The sales of PLC fuzzy controller can exceed1500 million yuan; The sales of electronics, automation, intelligent light industry and civil appliances can exceed 2.5 billion yuan. Electromechanical integration industry is not only the main force of Beijing's high-tech industry, but also the way out for enterprises in electromechanical integration industry to stop working, wait for production, and have obvious losses and potential losses.