Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has a consistent plan of mainland aggression. In the past 1894- 1895 Sino-Japanese War, he occupied our Taiwan Province Province and Ryukyu Islands. When our Prime Minister was alive, he formulated a revolutionary strategy for our Party, that is, "restoring the high platform and consolidating China" for all Party comrades to see. Because South Korea is our subordinate country, Taiwan Province Province is the territory of China, and it is the lifeline of China in terms of topography. China must emphasize real national defense and maintain permanent peace in East Asia, and must not let North Korea and Taiwan Province Province fall into the hands of Japanese imperialists. We believe that we must make our Gao Tai compatriots regain their independence and freedom, so as to consolidate the national defense of the Republic of China and lay the foundation for peace in East Asia.
At that time, China's army tried its best to resist the Japanese in North China and Central China, but the situation went from bad to worse. 1937 65438+ In February, the capital Nanjing fell and the National Government moved to Wuhan. 1938 On March 28th, the Nanjing Reform Government was established with the support of Japan. The next day, the Provisional National Congress of China Kuomintang was held in Wuchang. In order to avoid the Japanese air raid, the meeting was held after 8 pm. Although the session lasted only four days, important resolutions such as the establishment of the president, vice president and vice president were passed. Facing the losing streak, Jiang Zhongzheng defined Taiwan Province Province and North Korea as protected areas or buffer zones from the perspective of national defense, so as to consolidate China and prevent Japanese military aggression.
1942 10 At the first meeting of the Third National People's Political Consultative Conference in June, Chen Tingrui and others put forward a proposal of "requesting the government to strengthen the training of legal talents for future use after recovering the ceded land". This paper directly named Taiwan Province provincial capital, Ryukyu and other places for recovery. 1942165438+1on October 3, Song Ziwen, the new foreign minister of China government, said in response to a reporter's question at a press conference in Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Chongqing, "China should recover the four northeastern provinces, Taiwan Province province and Ryukyu, and North Korea must be independent." This is the first time that the government has explicitly stated that it wants to recover Taiwan Province Province.
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The occupation of Taiwan Province Province by international authorities and the government's response.
1942165438+1On October 4th, the Central Daily, the national government publicly stated for the first time that it would take back Taiwan Province Province, and it was translated and published for three consecutive days. The Post-war Peace Plan Research Committee, composed of editors of American magazines Happiness, Time and Life, was published in August 1942. The fourth chapter of the book "Relations with the Pacific" proposes to establish a defense zone in the Pacific after the war, and advocates the establishment of an international committee to jointly manage all strongholds in this defense zone, including Taiwan Province Province. This discussion involves the ownership of post-war Taiwan Province Province. There is a view in American folk and academic circles, which is different from the plan of the national government to recover Taiwan Province Province after the war, and it has caused a rebound in domestic folk. 194365438+1October 7th, Happiness, with an editorial entitled "China must recover Taiwan Province Province-Taiwan Province Province is the old enemy-occupied area of China". According to international law and citing history, "I solemnly declare to the whole world that No.495 Unforgettable Bay in Taiwan Province Province is the old occupied area of China. We can't see him living abroad, and China must recover this land after the war. The people of Taiwan Province Province from the motherland also expressed their opposition to this view of the United States. After the publication of Talk on Recovering Taiwan Province Province, the 10th issue of Ta Kung Pao monthly magazine next month contained Foreign Minister Song's talk on territorial issues after World War II, Li Zixiu's rambling description of the recovery movement in Taiwan Province Province, and Pan Gongzhan's famous saying, "May Taiwan Province's recovery movement succeed with the return of the motherland and mountains. Among them, arts and sciences emphasized "Taiwan Province Province" after the Japanese government declared war on Taiwan Province Province, and the movement to recover Taiwan Province Province gained legal basis, which was actively carried out under the proposition that Taiwan Province people split the motherland. The international management theory of Taiwan Province Province in the United States will make its movement to restore the province as disillusioned as a dream.
19431/kloc-0 At the Cairo Conference in June, China, the United States and Britain reached an understanding that Taiwan Province Province and the Penghu Islands were returned to the Republic of China after World War II. In the process of revising the text of the communique after the meeting, regarding Taiwan Province Province, China advocated "of course it should be returned to China", while Britain demanded that it be changed to "of course it must be abandoned by Japan". Representatives of China and Britain expressed their views. Wang Chonghui, the representative of China, said: "In your opinion, it is self-evident that it belongs to China, but foreigners have all kinds of strange views and opinions on northeast China and Taiwan Province Province. I think you should also be aware of them. Allies have their own positions and plans, and various views and opinions naturally arise. Before the Cairo Conference, the Counselor's Office of the Military Committee of the National Government put forward a draft question to the Chinese side at the relevant meeting of Chairman Jiang Zhongzheng, and listed four items that Japan should return to China after the war: Lushun and Dalian, Nanman Railway and Middle East Railway, Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands and Ryukyu Islands. The first three items indicate that Ryukyu Islands should be returned to China free of charge, and Ryukyu Islands can be placed under international management or designated as unarmed areas. On the issue of Hong Kong and Kowloon, Hong Kong is regarded as ceded land and Kowloon as leased land. However, the British side regards Hong Kong and Kowloon as the same problem and should solve it later. From the above assumptions made by China before the meeting, it can be seen that due to the different interests of the allies, the China administration has different ideas on how to deal with Taiwan Province Province, Ryukyu and Hongkong, which were also recognized as ceded territories after the war. After the Cairo Conference, when Jiang Zhongzheng reported the Cairo Conference to the Supreme National Defense Council, he said to Taiwan Province Province and Ryukyu Province:
As for Ryukyu, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu, I explained to the United States before I went there that Ryukyu was originally ours and was an important military stronghold in the Pacific Ocean, which needed special attention from the United States. At the Cairo Conference, if we insist, the United States will not fight with us; But after we came, first, we didn't have a navy, that is, we couldn't do anything at sea for twenty or thirty years after the war; Second, arouse the suspicion of Britain and America; So we don't have to be too determined to recover Ryukyu. But since Ryukyu is an important military stronghold in the Pacific Ocean, we can't help asking. Under no circumstances can it be occupied by Japan. As for Taiwan Province Province and Penghu, the situation is different from that of Ryukyu. Taiwan Province Province and Penghu were occupied by Japan in 1895, and Ryukyu was occupied by Japan before 1895. So we don't have to take back Ryukyu, but Taiwan Province Province and Penghu have decided to take it back.
Jiang Zhongzheng hopes to recover Taiwan Province Province ceded to Japan in 1895, but does not insist on recovering Ryukyu occupied by Japan before 1895. The standards and reasons for taking back Ryukyu are inconsistent. In fact, Ryukyu is not a territory under the jurisdiction of China, but a subsidiary country of the former Qing Dynasty. China's takeover of Ryukyu runs counter to the spirit of Cairo Conference Declaration, and has no intention of territorial expansion, which may not be realized in reality. Although the United States agreed to return Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to the Republic of China after the war, Taiwan Province Province, which belongs to the Pacific War Zone, is still the target captured by the US military. According to the Cairo Conference, there are three principles concerning the temporary administration of Japanese occupied territories and United Nations territories:
When the enemy's land is occupied, the occupying forces shall temporarily assume military and administrative responsibilities. However, if the occupying forces are not the joint forces of China, Britain and the United States, they should organize joint institutions on political issues in the region, and countries without military participation among the three countries should also send personnel to participate in control.
When the territories of China, Britain and the United States were recovered, the occupying forces temporarily assumed military responsibility and were managed by the former sovereign state. The occupying forces and administrative agencies should negotiate on matters related to each other.
When other United Nations territories were recovered, the occupying forces temporarily assumed military responsibility, while the former administering Power assumed administrative responsibility, but they were still bound by the occupying military organs.
Although the postwar government obtained the commitment of the Allies to recover Taiwan Province Province, as promised by Jiang Zhongzheng, "China has no navy", and the situation at that time made it difficult for the government to directly recover Taiwan Province Province by force. Once the US troops land and occupy Taiwan Province Province, according to the above-mentioned coordination principle, China will at least have the opportunity and power to carry out administrative management, or avoid the situation of international control, regardless of recovering the enemy's land or territory in Taiwan Province Province. In view of the above principles, the Taiwan Research Group established by the US Navy suggested that the US military must reach an agreement with the National Government before landing in Taiwan Province Province: after landing, the US military and political management of Taiwan Province Province will be maintained separately until the Japanese surrender and post-war settlement; Obviously, despite the negotiations and knowledge of the Cairo Conference, the US military did not give up its intention to occupy Taiwan Province Province in essence.
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The National Government's Military Occupation Planning of Taiwan Province Province after World War II.
1On August 5th, 945, Hirohito of Japan announced his acceptance of the Potsdam Surrender. After the National Government received the news of Japan's surrender, Jiang Zhongzheng immediately called General Okamura Ningji, the highest commander of the Japanese army in China, with the title of Commander-in-Chief of the China Theater, instructing him to surrender to the Six Principles, demanding the implementation of Jiang Zhongzheng's instructions, and giving a quick reply, but Okamura Ningji did not reply. It was not until August 17 that US President Truman approved "Circular No.1". "Okamura Ningji replied, Jiang Zhongzheng will.
The first order was given by MacArthur to Hirohito, Japan, and ordered the Japanese to carry it out. Before Showa gave the order, although he knew that the Japanese army had been defeated, he still had to wait for instructions on who to surrender to and how to surrender. Okamura Ningji's representative Takeo Imai also said when meeting with Qin Ying's representative Xiao Yisu, "I'm here purely for contact. The Japanese emperor has accepted the Potsdam Declaration, and now the Japanese representative has reached an agreement with the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, Ma, on the reply of the highest principle. Therefore, before receiving the highest order, the Japanese army can't just lol Zhao Xin to fight wild. Later, He Qinying appointed experts from China and the United States to ask Takeo Imai various questions. He Zhi's submission said: "In the Japanese military system, both Taiwan Province Province and Viet Nam have their own supreme commanders, and the navy is not under the command of the army. Now Okamura only represents the army in China, which is difficult for the navy and Vietnamese army in Taiwan Province province, but it is not impossible. On the second day after the document 1 was issued, that is, on August 18, the National Government headed by China immediately issued the Order on Surrender of All Enemies in the Theater, which stipulated that all theater or frontline troops in China Theater should surrender, but did not announce the commanders who surrendered in Taiwan Province Province. On August 2 1, the General Command of the Chinese Army issued a memorandum 1 to Okamura Ningji, the highest commander of the Japanese army in China, informing him that Taiwan Province Province was an area accepted by China. The next day, Memorandum No.2 informed the commander of the China Theater that they were stationed in the forward command post and the surrender area including Hanoi, but there was still no news of Taiwan Province's surrender. Until August 26th, China Army General Command MemorandumNo. 12 stipulated: "Indian Commander-in-Chief was ordered to accept the surrender of the Japanese army, navy, air force and their auxiliary forces in Penghu Islands, and the Japanese army in this area should also surrender to the Commander-in-Chief under the command of your officer." The National Government has not arranged the surrender of Taiwan Province Province.
On August 27th, the National Government announced that Chen Yi, former chairman of the Taiwan Province Mainland Affairs Council, was the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, and the organizational outline of the office of the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province was submitted to the Executive Yuan for examination and approval the next day, indicating that the National Government was ready for the administration of Taiwan Province Province. On September 3rd, Chen Yi was appointed as the provincial capital of Taiwan Province and commander-in-chief of Penghu Island. The surrender of regional commanders includes military takeover and occupation of the area. The aforementioned problem that Japanese troops in Taiwan Province Province are not under the jurisdiction of Japanese troops in China was solved on August 30th. In, the Japanese army was placed under the command of Okamura Ningji, the supreme commander of the Japanese army in China, marking the surrender and military reception of the Japanese army in Taiwan Province Province. The National Government can command the Japanese troops stationed in Taiwan under the control of Okamura Ningji through Ando Rikichi. From another perspective, Taiwan Province Province was transferred from the Pacific War Zone.
Military occupation of Taiwan Province province requires troops to cross the sea and land in Taiwan Province province. The problem of military transportation involves transport vehicles. Crossing the sea requires ship transportation, and the national government needs the assistance of the US military. On August 29th, Jiang Zhongzheng ordered the military command to draw up a transportation plan for transferring troops from Taiwan Province Province and Northeast China. Obviously, the National Government did not directly accept the idea of landing in Taiwan Province Province before, which also shows that the National Government did not have a complete plan for military reception in Taiwan Province Province since the Taiwan Province Provincial Dispatching Committee.
On September 4th, the Military Commission of the National Government appointed Chen Yi as the police commander-in-chief of Taiwan Province Province, and ordered him to command the 62nd Army, the 70th Army, the 208th Division, the 209th Division and the 1 regiment gendarmerie. And issued the Outline of Taiwan Province Province's Recovery Plan to carry out all-round tasks such as surrender, reception and guarding of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands. So far, Chen Yi has been serving as
After Taiwan Province Province was ceded to Japan in 1895, before 1937, the Republic of China regarded Taiwan Province Province as Japanese territory and set up official representative offices abroad. After the Luqiao incident, the National Government began to have different ideas about Taiwan Province Province. 194 1 At the end of the year, the United States declared war on Japan. The United States recognizes the strategic position of Taiwan Province Province in the western Pacific. 1942, the U.S. military began to study Taiwan Province Province, and completed a memorandum advocating international control of Taiwan Province Province after the war. In addition, the American people also put forward the idea that Taiwan Province Province should be internationalized, which aroused the rebound of Taiwan Province people to China's motherland. It shows that at the beginning of World War II, the United States had different ideas about the post-war future of Taiwan Province Province from the national government.
Although the China government won the commitment of the allies to recover Taiwan Province province after the war at the Cairo Conference, it is difficult for the China government to recover Taiwan Province province directly by force due to the limitation of realistic conditions. The idea of landing American troops has always existed in the China administration's idea of recovering Taiwan Province province. Once American troops land and occupy Taiwan Province Province, China will at least have the opportunity and power to exercise political power, or it can avoid international control if there is the cooperation of the allied forces. Therefore, after the Cairo Conference, the National Government established the Taiwan Province Provincial Investigation Committee, collected relevant information, and drafted a plan to receive and demobilize Taiwan Province Province. Although there was a * * * at the Cairo Conference, the US military did not give up the intention of occupying the territory first. By the end of World War II, because of the change of strategic planning, the US military did not land in Taiwan Province Province, so the assumption that the US military substantially occupied Taiwan Province Province naturally did not come true.
After the war, according to the "Circular No.1" issued by 17 in August, the National Government obtained the surrender right of Taiwan Province Province, which did not belong to China War Zone, and then planned to land with the United States to occupy Taiwan Province Province. On August 27th, the National Government announced the appointment of Taiwan Province Chief Executive Chen Yi as Chief Executive of Taiwan Province Province, and Peng surrendered on September 3rd. The next day, Chen Yi released the post of Commander-in-Chief of Police in Taiwan Province Province, and released the outline of the plan for the recovery of Taiwan Province Province, and was fully responsible for the surrender, reception and guarding of Taiwan Province Province and Peng. The outline of the plan for the recovery of Taiwan Province Province discussed between China and the United States focuses on the military occupation of Taiwan Province Province by the National Government, and lists in detail the steps and methods of the actual military reception by the National Government. Compared with the Outline of Taiwan Province Province Takeover Plan, it makes up for the deficiency of the missing part of the military implementation plan in the outline. After Taiwan Province Province 1 Province established the garrison headquarters on September 28th, garrison headquarters, the Chief Executive's Office and the US Army formed a forward command post on September 28th. The front command post was stationed in Taibei on June 5th,/kloc-0, and arrived in Taiwan Province Province, ready to surrender, occupy and take over. The plan of the National Government to take over Taiwan Province Province and military occupation came to an end.
During World War II, China and the United States planned the takeover and military occupation of Taiwan Province Province. Originally, China wanted to recover Taiwan Province Province on the grounds of national defense portal, and the United States also recognized the strategic position of Taiwan Province Province in the western Pacific. However, with the development of the international situation and the war situation, it was finally the National Government that took over Taiwan Province Province by military occupation according to the Outline of the Recovery Plan of Taiwan Province Province, which was negotiated and planned by China and the United States. It is also considered to be the same product of the China-US alliance. This result is obviously different from the historical exposition of the post-war Kuomintang regime under the framework of the Anti-Japanese War and the Civil War. As far as the residents of Taiwan Province Province who are about to be occupied by military forces are concerned, few people in Taiwan Province Province should know about the ownership of Taiwan Province Province after the war.