First, the status quo
"The country is people-oriented, and the people take food as the sky." Scientific and reasonable dietary structure is closely related to the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the nation. Food and nutrition are the basic conditions for human survival, and nutritional status is an important factor affecting the quality of the population. It directly affects the physical and intellectual development of teenagers. However, according to the survey, the partial eclipse rate of students is above 70%. These partial eclipse students like to eat chocolate, fried food, puffed food, sweets, drinks and pork products in a high proportion. The food they don't like is mainly green leafy vegetables (vegetables, spinach, etc. ), carrots, fish, mushrooms, auricularia auricula, garlic and kelp, while the proportion of students who insist on drinking milk, eating fruits and vegetables every meal is higher.
In addition, influenced by subjective factors, some students have developed extremely abnormal eating habits. For example, 8% of them have breakfast on their way to school, and about 65,438+00% of them have supper every day.
According to the survey, the lunch menu of a well-known kindergarten in Wuhan from Monday to Friday is simply meat+vegetables. Monday, braised pork, cabbage and seaweed soup; Tuesday, braised pork ribs, vegetables, bean sprouts and shrimp skin soup; Wednesday, sweet and sour pork chops, shredded soybean sprouts and seaweed soup; Thursday, vegetable and square leg paella, Luo Songtang; Friday, preserved eggs, fried tofu, roasted meat, amaranth, seaweed and shrimp skin soup. Fish and shrimp food is almost invisible.
In another middle school, students reported that due to irregular breakfast, students often fainted during the third and fourth periods of physical education class in the morning.
Some students also reported that when vegetables, rice and pasta were provided for school lunch, the supply was insufficient, and many students were half full and half hungry.
The university campus is relatively better, because the canteen is more formal. The food provided by the canteen to students is diversified, with diverse choices, high, middle and low grades, and reasonable collocation of meat and vegetables. Students can choose food according to their own needs, but the situation in some non-key colleges and private colleges is not optimistic: the canteen is quite simple, and there are piles of stalls around the school, which is extremely hygienic, let alone nutritious. Students seldom have dinner, and most students go to private stalls for supper (such as roadside barbecue and snacks) in the evening.
Second, analysis
1, insufficient execution
Although many policies have been issued by governments at all levels, including the original Hygiene Regulations of the Ministry of Health of the State Council, which have been upgraded to the level of the Food Hygiene Law, the implementation of many departments is not enough.
2, the degree of attention is not high.
Society, schools and families pay little attention to nutrition and hygiene, especially schools and families think that children should study at school, mainly to eat enough. Many schools think that canteens are logistics departments, and schools generally attach importance to teaching and scientific research, and think that logistics is a burden. Some schools contract canteens to private operators in pursuit of economic benefits, while others regard logistics as wealth and pursue greater benefits.
3. Lack of professional nutrition talents
According to the survey, there are very few schools and canteens equipped with professional nutritionists in Wuhan and even Hubei Province. Although some are equipped with nutritionists, they simply make recipes. But with recipes, chefs don't have enough ideological understanding, can't understand the importance of scientific diet, and can't let nutritional recipes be widely used in students' daily life.
Third, improve
1. Raise awareness and put the promotion of nutritious meals for students on the important agenda and work plan.
Experience at home and abroad shows that promoting students' nutritious meals is an effective way for primary and secondary school students to balance their diets and solve malnutrition, an important measure to improve students' health level and national quality, and a breakthrough to promote the development of food industry and catering industry. This work is mainly the responsibility of local authorities. All localities should take the promotion of students' nutritious meals as an important measure to promote quality education and improve the quality of the Chinese nation into their work plans and educational work, actively create conditions, do a good job in pilot projects, sum up experience, and gradually expand the promotion. Provincial capital cities, cities with separate plans and conditional areas should formulate pilot promotion plans and medium-and long-term plans for students' nutritious meals during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period in light of local conditions, and pay close attention to them as a major event in people's lives.
2, according to local conditions, explore the development ways and practices of students' nutritious meals.
The preliminary experience of pilot projects in some cities since 1980s shows that the promotion of students' nutritious meals should follow the working principle of "government-led, enterprise participation, school organization and parents' voluntary", give full play to the organization and coordination role of the government, and mobilize relevant departments, production enterprises, primary and secondary schools, non-governmental organizations and social forces to actively participate. Local economic, trade, education and health departments should organize relevant forces, make unified arrangements, carefully organize and take necessary supporting policies and measures to actively and steadily promote the work of nutritious meals for students from point to point, from urban areas to suburbs, from big cities to small and medium-sized cities and even developed towns and villages, so as to prevent rushing headlong into mass action, letting themselves drift and disorderly competition. Under the new situation of expanding reform and opening up and promoting the socialization of school logistics, we should explore the mode and practice of making nutritious meals for students according to local conditions on the basis of existing work, and constantly improve it in practice.
3, adhere to the quality first, do a good job in student nutrition meal production enterprise qualification and production.
Nutritional meals for students aim to ensure the growth, development and health of students. According to the requirements of balanced diet, the production unit provides students with safe and hygienic meals with good color, smell and nutrition standards. It has the characteristics of strict requirements, high risk, wide coverage and high social benefits. Therefore, the production of students' nutritious meals should be managed by designated system, and the qualification certification of designated enterprises should be obtained. After the expert review, the production enterprises apply for the hygiene license and business license of students' nutritious meals according to the relevant regulations and become designated production enterprises. The school selects the best candidates from several recognized enterprises. Large school canteens with good production conditions can provide nutritious meals for our students after evaluation and approval. According to the number of students, the demand for meals and the development potential, all localities can do a good job in the layout, planning and standardized management of the production and distribution of nutritious meals for students. Fixed-point production units should correctly handle the relationship between social benefits and economic benefits, and adhere to the principle of guaranteed profit and quality first. Production enterprises are responsible for the safety and management of students' nutritious meals. Each production unit must be equipped with nutritionists, prepare recipes according to national standards such as Nutrition Supply for Students' Nutritional Lunch (WS/T 100- 1998) and Hygienic Standard for Students' Nutritional Meal Production Enterprises (WSl03- 1999), formulate supporting management measures and personnel training system, and improve the process equipment.
4. Strictly control hygiene to ensure food safety and the smooth development of nutritious meals.
Historical experience and lessons have proved that ensuring health and safety and preventing food poisoning incidents are the minimum requirements for students' nutritious meals and the key to sustainable and normal development. Therefore, designated production enterprises and units must establish a spirit of high responsibility to the people and the vast number of children, carefully organize and make careful arrangements. Health departments should strengthen supervision and law enforcement in accordance with the Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Measures for Hygienic Supervision of Students' Collective Dining and relevant laws and regulations, and focus on health supervision and regular inspection of the whole process of students' nutritious meal production. Each production unit should establish a perfect health management system and implement it in all aspects of production and supply. It is necessary to strengthen the health and nutrition education for production personnel and implement the post responsibility system. It is necessary to install necessary laboratory testing equipment, conduct health monitoring in time, and prevent accidents such as poisoning.
5. Implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and give full play to the role of professional scientific and technical personnel in the research and promotion of students' nutritious meals.
The promotion of students' nutritious meals is a scientific, professional and learned work. It is necessary to fully rely on experts and technicians from relevant parties to popularize nutrition knowledge, strengthen systematic research on nutritious meals, improve production technology and management level, train nutrition talents in a planned and organized way, and carry out activities such as enterprise qualification identification, investigation and research, and experience summary. With the development of students' nutritious meals, it is necessary to make full use of the Internet and other advanced means to establish local and national information network systems.
6. Vigorously carry out nutrition and health publicity and education to gain the understanding and support of the whole society for students' nutritious meals.
Nutritional meals for students are a new thing, which involves the cultivation of scientific eating habits of children and adolescents and the improvement of the quality of life of hundreds of millions of people. In the whole process of implementing the students' nutritious meal plan, we should unremittingly carry out the publicity and education on nutrition and health, so as to be a household name, deeply rooted in people's hearts, correctly guide and win support. It is necessary to use newspapers, television, radio and other media to organize experts, entrepreneurs and people from all walks of life in various effective ways to vigorously publicize the significance and far-reaching influence of students' nutritious meals. In particular, we should do a good job in mobilizing school leaders, teachers, students and parents, and publicize the important role and related knowledge of students' nutritious meals through various effective ways as an important content of "health promotion schools".
7. Cooperate with existing special plans to promote the faster development of students' nutritious meal plan.
In the process of pilot, demonstration and promotion of students' nutritious meals, we should combine the national soybean action plan, the pilot work of primary and secondary school students' soybean milk plan (three northeastern provinces), the national students' milk drinking plan and local relevant arrangements to achieve greater results. Under the new situation of advocating students' nutritious lunch, urban primary and secondary schools should advocate drinking milk (or soybean milk) during recess. Conditional places can also promote students' nutritious breakfast or dinner, and from the local reality, explore different groups of people and different forms of nutritional catering methods.
Nutritional meals for students are not only an important aspect of education and health work in primary and secondary schools, but also a new industry in the field of food and catering. Trade, education, health and other departments should work together, cooperate closely, and seriously organize the implementation. Economic and trade departments should formulate and implement relevant policies and strengthen industry management; The education department should do a good job in organizing and implementing nutritious meals in schools (including kindergartens and universities), strengthen health education and nutrition knowledge propaganda, and mobilize teachers, students and parents to participate; Health departments should strengthen health supervision and inspection and implement the responsibility system for law enforcement.