In 20 12, Zhang Faming and others further reviewed the development history of fecal bacteria transplantation in the American Journal of Gastroenterology from the perspective of medical history, and rewritten the historical literature of fecal bacteria transplantation in the treatment of human diseases from 1958 recognized in the west to 1700, pointing out the development direction of fecal bacteria transplantation in modern medicine. China traditional medicine records that human excrement is used to treat human diseases. From 300 to 400 AD, Ge Hong's Elbow Anxious Prescription (also called Elbow Back) recorded that human excrement was used to treat patients with food poisoning, diarrhea, fever and dying. It is said that "drink one liter of dung juice and you will live", which shows its miraculous effect. Elbow Backup First Aid Prescription is the first emergency medical book in China, and it is also the earliest document in the world that records Artemisia annua as a "life-saving grass" for malaria patients. The application of human excrement in the treatment of various acute and critical diseases of digestive tract almost reached the extreme in the Ming Dynasty. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica (published in 1596) recorded more than 20 therapeutic prescriptions for treating diseases with human excrement. Since the key principle of fecal bacterial transplantation is to transplant healthy flora in donor feces, fermented fecal supernatant, fresh fecal juice and children's feces can all be understood as containing fecal flora. Based on this logic and evidence-based method, it can be judged that the earliest literature record of treating human diseases with human feces may be "Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription". In other words, human fecal transplantation or fecal bacterial transplantation has a history of at least 1700 years. The discovery of this medical history was published in American Journal of Gastroenterology 20 12, 1 1, which quickly attracted the attention of American and European experts and was cited by a large number of papers in New England Journal of Medicine, American Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy.