[Keywords:] observation ability; Early childhood education; Planting activities; Observation method;
Nowadays, children have little chance to get close to nature. They don't know seedlings, they can't tell wheat seedlings from grass, and they don't know where taro grows. In fact, children are very eager for green fields, flowing streams and walking livestock. We should liberate the children from the concrete floor, let them devote themselves to the fragrance of the soil and give full play to the special role of the natural environment. Therefore, as a kindergarten teacher, we should make full use of planting activities, guide children to study and play in nature, cultivate their temperament, cultivate their exploration ability and promote their growth in all aspects. Nature is rich and colorful, and only a tiny part of it-the natural corner of the class and the two plantations reclaimed by the kindergarten-is used in kindergartens. Although the space is limited, the content we grow is really ubiquitous, and there are many kinds, such as corn, cucumber, tomato, eggplant and pepper. It is mainly to let children observe and take care of them, sow and harvest together, experience the pleasure of labor, cultivate their observation, hands-on operation and exploration ability, and thus stimulate their interest in natural and scientific phenomena.
Observation is the source of information about the world around us and an important beginning for children to know the world and increase their knowledge. The new "Outline" points out: "Children's science education should be closely linked with children's real life, and the things around them should be taken as the objects of scientific inquiry". Children have good observation habits and abilities, which is a valuable asset for them! Kindergarten plantation is a valuable resource for children to learn and cultivate their observation ability. Teachers should give full play to the educational value of planting areas and natural corners. In my opinion, to cultivate children's observation ability in planting activities, we should do the following:
First, starting from "interest", guide children to be willing to observe.
The premise of observation is "attention", but children in early childhood are easily distracted, and only when they have a strong interest in something will they concentrate, that is, observation is often dominated by interest. Therefore, Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, and Dewey, an American scholar, think: "Interest is the best form to stimulate children's learning.
1. Capture children's interests and guide observation.
Children are born with strong curiosity. In fact, there are countless things that children are interested in in in the world. As long as we observe and listen, we will find out. Therefore, we should seize the opportunity to correctly guide children to observe, discover and explore.
For example, in the early stage of planting activities, children brought utensils and seeds from home and began to try. But before that, the children tried to plant in the soil. Some children are curious to see the beans soaked in water on the windowsill of the small class. Tianzheng is one of them. One day he and his brother passed by, and it was quietly asking his brother, "Do you think it can sprout?" I overheard them whispering and went back to the classroom. We said, "Can beans germinate in water?" And "Who grows beans in water quickly?" Had a heated discussion. Some children say it's black beans, while others say it's red beans. So I found the same vessel and soaked the beans in it for the children to observe. Nothing was found at first, but after a while, some water changed color and the beans began to fade. The children were very excited. After that, the children are looking forward to their own growth and recording their own changes. But it seems a little anxious, and always asks me from time to time: "Teacher, why don't you sprout?" I said, "Don't worry, it may sprout after Saturday and Sunday." Two days later, on Monday morning, I came to the kindergarten and came to me excitedly with sprouted black beans. He said happily, "Look, teacher, the black beans germinated first." I said, "Well, show it to other children." "ok." After that, he turned to enter the class. Before he went in, he came out and said, "Teacher, beans stink." I smell it. Yes, nobody cares for two days. If I change water for him, he will stink. "Can you help him change the water?" "Yes!" After that, he went to change the water and changed other beans. Therefore, in daily activities, we should know how to protect and use children's curiosity and thirst for knowledge, and stimulate children's interest in observation.
2. Choose the right observation object and guide the children to be happy to observe.
According to the age characteristics of children, I choose colorful, novel, active and other things that children are interested in as observation objects. Children often don't see, touch, touch and observe these favorite things independently under the guidance of adults, which fully mobilizes children's various senses. In fact, only by mobilizing all the senses can we observe things more correctly, clearly and completely. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the object suitable for children, actively guide the use of various sensory participation and comprehensive observation.
For example, in planting activities, we will observe the seeds planted, see and touch the basic characteristics of various vegetable seeds, such as size, color and shape, and then continue to observe the changes in the early growth stage, the production process and results, and fully observe and perceive the similarities and differences of their growth and changes.
Second, from the "method", cultivate children to be good at observation.
With the interest in observation, we should also guide the observation methods. Children are not naturally observant,
Children's observation is poorly organized. If children look around instead of observing things in the right way, they will miss the important features of the observed things. Not only can not achieve the purpose of observation, but also form bad observation habits. Therefore, it is necessary to teach children some ways to observe things in daily life, so that children can learn the ability to observe things purposefully, independently, comprehensively and meticulously.
I think the following methods are more suitable for children and can be used in independent exploration activities.
1. successive approximation method
Sequential method refers to observing in a certain order. There are from far to near, from whole to part, from part to whole, from top to bottom, from obvious features to inconspicuous features and so on.
For example, every March 12 is Arbor Day, and our teacher will go to the big playground with the children to water all kinds of trees and observe their growth. During the observation, we will consciously guide the children to observe from top to bottom and learn about leaves, branches, trunks, roots and so on. At the same time, let the children know that the size of the tree is far and near.
2. Comparative method
Comparative method refers to comparing the similarities and differences between two or more things or phenomena, so that children can analyze, compare, judge and think, so as to understand things correctly and carefully.
For example, in bean planting activities, we will let children boldly observe and explore the growth and changes of the same bean in different growth environments. Which kind of beans grows fast in water and soil? The one with sunshine and without sunshine has grown taller, and the observation ability of children is developed by comparison.
3. Follow-up observation
Follow-up observation refers to children's intermittent and systematic observation of the change and development of a certain thing or phenomenon, so that children can understand the whole process of its growth, change and development, thus forming a complete understanding.
For example, after planting peanuts in the plantation in spring, let the children observe the records step by step. Understand the growth process of peanut from germination-leaf growth-flowering-fruiting, and the biological cycle law of peanut harvesting and replanting. The persistence of this method can also exercise children's patience, sensitivity and meticulousness, which plays a unique role in cultivating children's good observation habits and interest in science and technology.
Let the children learn to observe, and the understanding of everything is no longer what the teacher told me, but what I know. Therefore, teachers should give children enough time and space to explore, observe and discover the mysteries of the world.