In academic papers or other academic works, the brackets of references generally contain information such as the author and publication year. Specifically, parentheses in a reference usually include the following elements:

1. Author: When quoting literature, you need to indicate the author's name or surname abbreviation and other information.

2. Year of publication: When quoting a document, it is required to indicate its publication or publication year.

3. Quote page number: If you quote a specific page number or paragraph in a document, you can also indicate the corresponding page number or paragraph number in brackets.

For example, for citations of journal articles, the information in brackets may be as follows:

(Author's surname, year of publication: page number quoted)

Among them, the author's surname is the abbreviation or full name of the author's surname of the cited literature; The publication year refers to the year when the cited document was published or published; Reference page number refers to the specific page number or paragraph number in the reference file.

In a word, in academic papers or other academic works, it is necessary to mark the information in brackets of references accurately and normatively, so that readers can consult and verify the source and content of the cited documents.