[Keywords:] philosophy; Public activities; Public * * *; Country; government
Returning to the life world has become the topic of the times in contemporary philosophy. Human life is always flowing and infinitely generated. Emphasizing the return of philosophy to the life world is not to make people indulge in real life, but to look at life with a philosophical attitude or concept. Explaining people and the world with life is a fundamental change in philosophical vision. In this sense, man becomes a man based on reality, pursuing transcendence and constantly creating, and the world becomes an infinite generation process through endless life practice.
The real life of mankind includes two aspects: the public sphere and the private sphere, namely, the public sphere and the private sphere. If the so-called return to the life world only refers to the return to private life, that is, the field of private activities, and no longer cares about the field of public activities, then this return is actually a more serious alienation of the life world. Such a philosophy can not only give a historical explanation to the emergence and development of previous philosophy, but also lose the original meaning of philosophy, leading to philosophy being really forgotten by life. Paying attention to the field of public activities is an indispensable aspect or necessary dimension of philosophy. Philosophy always tries to treat public activities and public problems in a more rational and intelligent way.
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The field of public activities is a field in which everyone lives and can't get rid of it completely, and it is a field that the public composed of many individuals can't help but care about. All activities that seek benefits by means of public power or public resources belong to public activities in a broad sense, including the establishment and implementation of systems, reform and improvement, formulation and implementation of macroeconomic and social policies, construction and management of infrastructure and public projects, education, national defense, medical and health care, social security, ecological and environmental protection and other activities. Although public activities will have different contents and ways with the changes of the times, their basic characteristics have always been public. Therefore, the essence of the problem in the field of public activities is publicity, and the concern for the field of public activities is also publicity. Thinking about the public sphere and publicity of human activities is the most important mission of philosophy.
Publicity, that is, enjoyment, is relative to self-interest. Egoism is pure exclusivity and exclusivity. Any activity that pursues exclusive interests is a private activity. In other words, the basic feature of private activities is self-interest. Because private activities are mainly carried out in the family and economic fields, family life and economic life are the most basic activities of human beings. Paying attention to public activities does not mean canceling or belittling private activities and their self-interest, but advocating a reasonable self-interest and opposing that over-inflated self-interest. Everyone's basic living needs and interests consistent with their job responsibilities and labor efforts belong to reasonable and legitimate self-interest and are an integral part of basic human rights, which must be fully respected and protected by the state and the government. The realization of individual's reasonable self-interest depends not only on individual's efforts, but also on the field of public activities constructed and maintained by people.
Philosophy, like any other academic or scientific field, should not and cannot be a selfish enjoyment, and should not only care about private activities. As the "essence of the spirit of the times", philosophy is not private, but public, a conscious reflection on human life and its transformation, and an exploration of the realistic and ultimate significance or value of human existence. The essence of philosophy lies in paying attention to the public, the whole society, the whole country and even the whole mankind.