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What are the ways of reasoning in argumentative writing? Besides parallelism, metaphor and contrast, what else?
Parallelism is not a way of reasoning, it is just a rhetorical device used in a certain argument method, which can be freely used in example argument, reason argument, metaphor argument and contrast argument.

Discrimination and argumentation methods. Common reasoning methods include: example argument, reason argument, metaphor argument and contrast argument.

① Demonstration: Illustrate ... and demonstrate the viewpoint of ....

(2) Reasoning: quoting famous sayings.

Persuasiveness.

(3) Metaphorical argument: The argument is vividly demonstrated by analogy, which makes the argument easy to understand and be accepted.

Arguments for and against: the views of ... are highlighted.