1, China's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success.
On June 1 1, the National Space Administration held the unveiling ceremony of the first batch of scientific images of Tian Wen-1 landing on Mars in Beijing, and released the panoramic view of the landing site, the topography of Mars, "China Seal" and "patrol photos" taken by the Zhu Rong Rover. The release of the first batch of scientific images marks the complete success of China's first Mars exploration mission.
It is reported that China's first Mars exploration mission was fully demonstrated in 20 13, and the project was approved in 20 16. On July 23, 2020, Tianwen-1 detector was successfully launched in Wenchang, Hainan. After fire transfer, Mars capture, Mars berthing, off-orbit landing, scientific exploration and other stages, the engineering task went smoothly as planned.
2. The era of long-term residence of the Chinese space station opener.
On June 17 and June 10/6, Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft were successfully launched, successfully sending astronauts into space. Shenzhou 12 docked with Tianhe core cabin to form an assembly. Three astronauts stayed in the core cabin for three months and conducted a series of space science experiments and technical experiments. In-orbit verification of key technologies such as long-term stay of astronauts, regeneration and life support, space material supply, extravehicular activity, extravehicular operation and on-orbit maintenance during the construction and operation of the space station.
After Shenzhou XIII was put into orbit, it completed the autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking with Tianhe core module and the combination of Tianzhou-2 and Tianzhou-3, and three astronauts began to stay in orbit for six months. During this period, manipulator operation, extravehicular activities, module transposition, space science experiments and technical experiments will be carried out to further verify a series of key technologies such as astronauts' long-term in-orbit stay, regeneration and life support, and the era of long-term manned stay in China Space Station will come.
3. China has realized the de novo synthesis of carbon dioxide to starch.
Starch is the main carbohydrate in porridge, the main component of flour, rice, corn and other cereals, and also an important industrial raw material. The main synthetic method is that green plants fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. For a long time, researchers have been trying to improve the life process of photosynthesis, hoping to improve the conversion rate of carbon dioxide and the utilization efficiency of light energy, and finally improve the production efficiency of starch.
Researchers from Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, China Academy of Sciences put forward a subversive starch preparation method, which takes carbon dioxide and hydrogen produced by electrolysis as raw materials and does not depend on plant photosynthesis, and realizes the ab initio synthesis of carbon dioxide to starch for the first time in the world, making it possible to change the production mode of starch from the traditional agricultural planting mode to the industrial workshop production mode, and making an original breakthrough. Related research results were published online in the journal Science on September 24th.
4. Our team won the 202 1 "Gordon Bell Award" for its supercomputing application that broke the "quantum hegemony".
1 181October 18 in the afternoon, at the global supercomputing conference (SC2 1) held in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, the International Computer Association (ACM) awarded 202 1 "Gordon Bell Award". This joint research team, composed of researchers from Zhijiang Laboratory and Wuxi National Supercomputing Center, won this honor based on the application of a new generation of Shenwei supercomputer "SWQSIM".
In this work, the researchers introduced a system design process, covering the algorithm, parallelization and system architecture needed for simulation. Using the new generation of Shenwei supercomputer, the research team effectively simulated a random quantum circuit with the depth of10x10 (1+40+1). Compared with Google's quantum computer Platanus acerifolia, Vertex needs 10,000 years to complete the simulation with the same complexity, and the team's SWQSIM application can get millions of relevant samples with higher fidelity in 304 seconds, and get the same number of irrelevant samples in one week, thus breaking its claimed "quantum hegemony" in one fell swoop.
5, 1400 trillion electron volts China scientists have observed the photon with the highest energy so far.
The international cooperation team led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, relying on the national major scientific and technological infrastructure "LHAASO", discovered 12 ultra-high energy cosmic ray accelerators in the Milky Way, and recorded gamma photons with energy of 1.4 trillion electron volts (PeV, petaflops = trillion times), which is the highest observed by human beings so far. It breaks through the traditional cognition of human beings on the acceleration of particles in the Milky Way, reveals the existence of cosmic ray accelerators in the Milky Way that can accelerate particles above 1PeV, and opens the era of "ultra-high-energy gamma astronomy" observation. The related results were published in the journal Nature on May 17.
6. Important research results of Chang 'e-5 samples have been released one after another.
10June 19, China Academy of Sciences released the latest research results of Chang 'e-5 lunar scientific research samples. Led by the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of China Academy of Sciences and the National Astronomical Observatory, the breakthrough progress of important scientific issues about the evolution of the moon was reported through 3 papers in Nature and 1 paper in National Science Review/kloc-0.
In the latest research, researchers analyzed more than 50 kinds of uranium-rich minerals (baddeleyite, calcite-titanium zircon, Jinghai stone) in basalt debris of the Chang 'e-5 lunar sample by using ultra-high altitude resolution U-Pb dating technology, and determined that basalt was formed in 2030 004 million years, indicating that the moon still had magmatic activity until 2 billion years ago, which is about 80% longer than the time defined by previous lunar samples.
The results show that Kripke substance rich in potassium, rare earth elements and phosphorus is not involved in the basalt of Chang 'e-5 lunar surface sample at the initial melting, but the enrichment of Kripke substance in Chang 'e-5 lunar surface sample is characterized by the enrichment of a large number of minerals after crystallization and solidification in the later magma. This result excludes the mainstream hypothesis that the initial magma melting heat source of rocks in Chang 'e-5 landing area comes from radioactive heat-generating elements, and reveals the magmatic activity process in the late moon. It is reported that the ultra-high altitude resolution dating and isotope analysis technology used in this study is at the international leading level, which provides a new technical method for the chronological study of precious extraterrestrial samples.
7. A new breakthrough was made in rapid de novo domestication of allotetraploid wild rice.
With the rapid growth of the world population, the grain output will increase by 50% by 2050 to fully meet the demand. At the same time, in recent years, the intensification of world climate change, global warming and frequent extreme weather have all brought great challenges to food security. In this context, how to further increase crop yield has become an urgent problem to be solved.
Academician Li Jiayang from Institute of Seed Innovation/Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of China Academy of Sciences put forward a new strategy of rapid domestication of allotetraploid wild rice from scratch for the first time, aiming at eventually cultivating new polyploid rice crops, thus greatly increasing grain yield and increasing the adaptability of crops to environmental changes. This study puts forward a new feasible strategy to deal with the future food crisis and opens up a new direction of crop breeding. Related research results were published in the February 4th issue of Cell.
8. China has successfully developed a large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment with -27 1℃ superfluid helium.
On April 15, the national major scientific research equipment development project "Development of large-scale cryogenic refrigeration system in liquid helium to superfluid helium temperature zone" undertaken by the Institute of Physical and Chemical Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences passed the acceptance appraisal, indicating that China has the ability to develop large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment with liquid helium temperature (minus 269 degrees Celsius) and superfluid helium temperature (minus 27/kloc-0 degrees Celsius), which can meet the needs of large-scale scientific engineering and aerospace engineering.
The successful implementation of the project has also promoted the rapid development of high-end helium screw compressors, low-temperature heat exchangers and low-temperature valves in China, improved the core competitiveness of a number of high-tech manufacturing enterprises, realized the upgrading of related technologies from scratch and from low-end to high-end, and initially formed a low-temperature industrial cluster with complete functions and clear division of labor in China.
9. The transfer of functional genes from plants to animals was confirmed for the first time.
After 20 years of follow-up research, Zhang Youjun's team at the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences found that Bemisia tabaci, the only "super pest" recognized by FAO, has a skill similar to "attacking the shield with a spear": it obtains defense genes from host plants. This is the first time since the birth of modern biology 100 years that there is a functional level of gene transfer between plants and animals.
Relevant scientific research results were published online on Cell on March 25th, and published as the cover article of Cell on April 1. This is the first paper published in Cell magazine in the field of agricultural pest research in China, which reveals how insects use horizontal transfer genes to overcome host defense, opens up a new perspective for exploring the adaptive evolution law of insects, and also provides a new idea for developing a new generation of precise green control technology for Bemisia tabaci in the field oriented by target genes.
10, multimode quantum relay, 1 hour optical storage realized by rare earth ions.
The law of quantum unclonability endows quantum communication with security based on physical principles. This law also determines that the photon transmission loss can not be overcome by traditional amplifiers, making long-distance quantum communication one of the core issues of quantum information science. Quantum relay and removable quantum storage are two feasible schemes to realize remote quantum communication, which require high-performance quantum storage. In quantum relay, the existing international experimental research focuses on the architecture of emissive memory, which cannot meet the two key technical requirements of deterministic luminescence and multimode multiplexing at the same time.
In terms of removable quantum storage, the longest optical storage time in the world at present is only 1 minute, which cannot meet the demand of removable quantum storage for storage time per hour. Li Chuanfeng and Zhou Zongquan, academicians of China University of Science and Technology Guo Guangcan, developed a high-performance solid-state quantum memory based on rare earth ion-doped crystals, and made important progress in the above two technical routes, realizing multimode quantum relay based on absorption storage, and successfully increasing the optical storage time to 1 hour. The related results were published in Nature-Communication and Nature on April 22nd and June 2nd, respectively.