( 1)
"Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and it will not be returned without breaking Loulan." This is a famous poem by Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Loulan here refers to Shanshan in the Han Dynasty in China. In today's western Lop Nur, Xinjiang, Sima Qian said in historical records: "Loulan, the ancient city has battlements and is near salt." Said there was a saltwater lake next to Loulan City.
According to records, Loulan, with a population of14,000, used to be a transit trading post on the ancient Silk Road, but now it has become a ruin in the yellow sand. The salt lake "Yanze" next to it was still Lop Nur in Wang Yang in the 1940s, with an area of 3 million square kilometers, but it completely disappeared in the 1980s. In order to find Lop Nur and investigate its history, Peng, a famous scientist in China, disappeared into the vast sea of sand.
Loulan, why did you become a beach?
Lop Nur, where did your flowing water go?
There is 320,000 square kilometers of Taklimakan Desert near the arid Lop Nur.
Taklimakan-According to the local dialect, it means "you can get in, but you can't get out".
Taklimakan-what foreigners call "the sea of death".
Scientists in our country should not only visit Lop Nur, but also Taklimakan. Although there is an overwhelming sandstorm, the temperature of the sand surface is 50t-60℃ at noon, but Chinese scientists still have to investigate this "sea of death" and find out the origin of the desert.
1In August, 989, Wang Binghua, director of Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology, announced: "Human remains have been found in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert." In the vast sand sea, they sent out pottery pots, pieces of pottery, slag, arrows and wooden products, indicating that this was a folk settlement from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty and was a settlement environment. Today, it is full of yellow sand.
Zhu Zhenda, a researcher at Lanzhou Desert Research Institute, walked into Taklimakan without fear of difficulties, and wrote papers such as Desertification —— an environmental problem worthy of attention, which proved that desertification was mainly caused by human beings with a large number of conclusive facts.
(2)
Horqin sandy land used to be an excellent grassland. Due to over-cultivation, it degenerated into sandy land in just two years.
Yulin area was densely forested more than 200 years ago, and Dingxi area still had a large area of forest in Song Dynasty. Today, due to deforestation and war damage, yellow sand is rolling.
We are facing the threat of desertification.
China Academy of Sciences China National Situation Analysis and Research Group pointed out in the report "Survival and Development": "The area of desertification is constantly expanding. From 1950s to the end of 1970s, the desertification land expanded by about 15 Indian square kilometers annually. At present, it has reached 6.5438+0.09 million square kilometers, accounting for 1. 1.4% of the national territory. From the analysis of desertification prisoners, it is mainly caused by human activities. "
The report also made such a warning prediction:
By the year 2000, the desertification area will increase from 65,438 0.76 million square kilometers in 2000 to 2,565,438 0.98 million square kilometers, an increase of 43%.
The desert is attacking us, eating our grasslands, cultivated land, roads and towns, and turning us into "Loulan".
(3)
The desert is expanding and attacking, but that's because we are "attracting" it and "opening the way" for it. Don't you believe it? "
Please see how people "contribute" to the expansion of Taklimakan Desert. The following is a letter from a science and technology reporter:
"In the 1950s, there were 90 million mu (6.667 million square meters per mu) of natural mangroves and 1 10,000 mu of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of rivers in the desert area of Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. These psammophytes are the main fuel for the life of 70,000 people of all ethnic groups in Tarim Basin. Due to the constant demand for red willow and Populus euphratica in the desert, the natural red willow and Populus euphratica have been reduced to 50 million mu and 2 million mu. In recent years, although the relevant departments have taken some measures to prevent natural plants from being destroyed, donkey carts and cars that go to the desert to collect firewood have increased year by year. A forestry management station in kavak Township, Mo Yuxian, transports about 65,438+10,000 firewood by donkey carts every year; More than 1000 cars of firewood are listed in' Bazaar' in Hotan City in one day. Qira County1983' Bazaar', the maximum number of firewood listed in a day is no more than 500, which has reached 1000 in recent years. At this rate, one day the only fragile ecological vegetation in the desert will be cut down. "
The reporter's investigation revealed the cause of "sand disaster" caused by people's indiscriminate cutting of vegetation from one area.
(4)
Why the ancient Loulan was in ruins, and how those fruit trees and poplars died, remains to be verified by historians. But the disappearance of Guloulan tells us a truth: the deterioration of soil will make culture extinct. Land is the stage of human civilization, the place where civilization occurs and develops, and the place where civilization dies. Desertification devours human civilization.
Man must find a plan to prevent desertification. Many scientists went to the desert to investigate, and the people in front fell down and the people behind caught up. People are fighting against the desert with the spirit of "don't break Loulan, don't give it back"!