The application examination abandons the original simple argumentative mode, and mainly examines the candidates' reading comprehension, comprehensive analysis, generalization ability and practical problem-solving ability. Therefore, it involves not only one style of argumentative writing, but also many styles such as explanation, discussion, summary and comment. ?

argumentative writing

Argumentative writing is also called argumentative writing. This kind of writing takes argumentation as the main expression, and directly expresses its own views and opinions by argumentation or reasoning.

Argumentative writing is a style that civil servants often encounter in their daily life and work, and its application is very extensive and important. Most of the documents of the Party and the government are argumentative, as well as editorials, short comments, international comments, short analysis and investigation materials of newspapers and magazines. Reading these documents requires the ability to analyze and understand argumentative papers. Without a solid argumentative writing ability, you can't give full play to your talents in practical writing by taking the civil service examination. Therefore, we say that argumentative writing is the most important writing style in the application examination, and it is also the writing style that we should first understand. ?

1. The main features of argumentative writing

The content of (1) is theoretical. Argumentative writing is mainly about discussion and reasoning, and its content is theoretical. Some argumentative papers directly expound the theory, and some discuss a problem under the guidance of a certain theory. ?

(2) the generality of language. Argumentative writing requires theoretical analysis of specific things, and the language is often abstract and general. The stronger the theory, the stronger the universality of the language. ?

(3) The logic of writing. Argumentative writing is argumentation and reasoning, and its writing requires strict logic. Only when the article is written in an orderly way and the truth is clear and reasonable can the readers be convinced. In short, argumentative essays mainly express their views and opinions on objective things or existing problems in popular language according to certain theoretical and logical relations, which is convincing and enlightening. ?

2. Three elements of argumentative writing

Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. Argument is the author's views and opinions on the things or problems discussed, argument is used to prove the scientific principles and typical facts of argument, and argument is the process and method of proving argument with arguments. ?

Argument is the center of the whole paper, the central point of view in discussion and often the central idea of the article. An argumentative essay generally has only one argument, that is, the central argument or the basic argument. In order to make the complex content more rigorous and thorough, and the truth more comprehensive and profound, some argumentative papers need to be divided into several points or aspects around the central argument, and some subordinate arguments are put forward to prove, supplement or give play to the central argument, which is called sub-argument. Argument is the main point that the author wants to express in the article. A good argument should meet the following three requirements:

(1) correctness. Arguments should conform to the actual situation and objective laws. (2) Theoretically. If the argument is reasonable, it must be the truth drawn by the author from the material, not some superficial feelings. (3) significance. Arguments should be focused and eye-catching, and statements expressing arguments must be very concise. When explaining the central argument, the sub-argument generally appears in two forms: (1) coordinates. That is, there is a parallel relationship between sub-arguments, and sub-arguments explain the central argument at the same level. (2) Step by step. In other words, each argument inherits each other in meaning and explains the central argument layer by layer. ?

Argument is the fact, reason or basis used by the author to prove the correctness of the argument. Arguments serve arguments. It is not easy to understand or convince people just through arguments or empty comments. Appropriate materials must be used as arguments. There are all kinds of materials that can be used as arguments, mainly theoretical arguments and factual arguments. Theoretical arguments include all truths that have been proved by practice and accepted by people, such as the speeches of revolutionary leaders, the principles and laws of natural science, aphorisms and aphorisms. The factual arguments include representative examples, various statistical data and various natural phenomena. The sub-arguments in complex argumentative essays are the arguments for the part discussed and the central arguments of the whole paper. Theoretical argument should be authoritative and factual argument should be typical. The consistency of arguments and arguments is the key to the success of argumentative writing. ?

Argumentation is the method and process of proving an argument with arguments. It mainly organizes arguments and arguments according to certain logical relations to prove that the arguments are correct and credible. Its language form is a whole paragraph, several paragraphs or even the whole article. Argumentation should be logical, and deduction, induction and analogy are often used.

In a word, argument, argument and argumentation are the three elements of argumentative writing. Argument is soul, argument is flesh and blood, argument is bone. Argumentation is to solve the problem of what to prove, argument is to solve the problem of what to prove, and argument is to solve the problem of how to prove. If the three are closely related, a complete demonstration process can be formed.

Practical writing

1.？ summary

It is a kind of news commentary style between comment and comment. If comments focus on evaluating harmony theory and comments focus on evaluation, then the summary focuses on a comprehensive description of the facts and appropriate comments. Comments are mainly comments, which are both narrative and comments, and comments are mainly narrative. ?

The purpose of this paper is to inform readers of news facts, and its main feature is to comprehensively describe some important events, key work or situations in a period. It reports facts objectively and generally does not discuss them. Sometimes by providing information, the opinions and opinions of relevant people are relayed, and it also appears in the form of objective reports. In the process of describing the facts, sometimes there are some words to explain or discuss, which also serve the comprehensive narrative. ?

2.？ Make a comment

Commentary, also known as news commentary or journalist commentary, is a marginal genre in the field of news, and its basic feature is the integration of news and commentary. ?

Comments are between news and comments, which have both characteristics and advantages. It not only reports facts, but also makes necessary analysis and evaluation of news facts with comments and opinions. Judging from the length of comments, there are often more narration than comments, but the focus is on comments, which serve the purpose of comments. Comments belong to the category of news comments, which mainly show the author's position and viewpoint through the combination of comments, thus playing the role of public opinion guidance. ?

( 1)? Characteristics of comments

First, priority evaluation?

Comment integrates the functions of news report and news comment. It is necessary to report news facts in time to reflect the development and changes of real life, but also to remind the essence and significance of news facts and point out the development trend of things. News reports are objective, mainly to report facts and let readers draw conclusions from objective facts; Comments are both narrative and reasoning, so that readers can get the necessary information and understand the author's exposition of the factual significance of these news. News commentary should be based on facts and truth and focus on news events and important issues in real life, but news commentary generally does not introduce facts in detail. Sometimes cooperate with news reports, demonstrate according to the news facts provided in the reports, and sometimes use typical news facts as arguments in comments to trigger discussions. As a genre of news commentary with unique personality, commentary generally introduces news facts comprehensively and sometimes in many ways, including typical specific facts, summarized situations and necessary background materials, and discusses them while describing the facts. Of course, this comparison is only to explain the characteristics of this genre in detail and to facilitate the mastery and application of this genre, rather than drawing a fixed frame. These genres are designed to properly express certain contents, and there can be no insurmountable boundary between them.

Second, the review combination?

The combination of comments does not mean that comments and narratives are equal in length or proportion, but mainly lies in the fact that comments have the characteristics of news reports and news comments and have both functions. At the same time, evaluation is the main factor. The combination of comments is mainly comments, that is to say, the purpose of comments is comments, and narrative is for evaluation. Narration is the basis of evaluation, and evaluation is the purpose of narration. So as far as a comment is concerned, sometimes there are more comments than comments, and sometimes there are more comments than comments. Sometimes, while describing news facts, it already contains the author's tendency and analysis. As long as the discussion is the finishing touch, it is enough to explain the problem. ?

This comment is based on facts. These facts come from and reflect real life. Comment, or the truth it tells, is to clarify these facts in the process of analysis. The organic combination of narrative and commentary embodies the cognitive law from individual to general, from concrete to abstract, from perceptual to rational, which is easy to be understood by people. The purpose of review is to find out the essence of objective things and the new experiences and problems with universality, rather than focusing on facts. Many comments adopt the way of narrative discussion, including comments and comments, which can raise and solve problems from the perspective of combining theory with practice and similarity between things. ?

(2)? Types of comments

Review has a wide range of applications. The topics of appraisal involve all fields of social life, so as to timely appraise issues of general concern to the masses and enhance the timeliness and mass of appraisal. According to their contents and the nature of social life, they can be roughly divided into the following types:

The first category is work review.

Work review, as its name implies, is aimed at practical work experience or problems. In the process of China's socialist modernization, new situations, new experiences and new problems have emerged in various fields and fronts. People not only need to get all kinds of necessary information in time, but also need to understand the views and opinions of the news media when thinking about all kinds of news facts, so as to make their own judgments and distinguish right from wrong and direction. This is especially true for some "hot" or "difficult" problems in social life. ?

The second category is situation review.

Situation summary is a summary of the situation at home and abroad, including political situation, economic situation and other fields. Its content can be the overall situation, or it can be the situation of a certain period, a certain stage, a certain region and a certain front. This kind of review is characterized by focusing on the changes and turning points of the situation, focusing on the problems and trends that the masses generally care about or need to pay attention to, summarizing the whole picture and pointing out the development trend, which is helpful for readers to broaden their horizons and improve their understanding. ?

The third category is event review.

This kind of review is based on the materials directly investigated and mastered by the author, and comments on important events or some unexpected events that have great influence at home and abroad. Its characteristics are mainly to explore its nature and significance from specific events to their causes, or to clarify facts and reasons through the analysis of materials.

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