Aesthetics is intuitive.

The so-called aesthetic intuition is the direct perception of the form of beauty and the overall grasp of the aesthetic object. The so-called intuition contains three meanings. First, it refers to the directness and intuition of aesthetic feeling, that is, the whole aesthetic process is concrete in image from beginning to end and is carried out in direct perception; The second is to perceive aesthetic objects from the whole rather than fragments; The third refers to the pleasure of aesthetic senses, which is directly produced without rational thinking and logical judgment, that is, in aesthetics, you can judge the beauty and ugliness of an object without abstract thinking. Edison pointed out: "There are some ways for different substances to change. The mind immediately judges whether they are beautiful or ugly at first sight, without prior consideration." This intuition runs through all forms of beauty.

In the appreciation of artistic beauty, the process of aesthetic feeling is the process of reconstructing aesthetic images.

Aesthetics is perceptual.

The so-called aesthetic emotion refers to people's experience and attitude towards the objective beauty, including human physiological and rational factors and universal factors accumulated by human development. For example, when we were enjoying A Bing's "Two Springs Reflecting on the Moon", as soon as the erhu played a slow, deep and melodious melody, we were immediately aroused with a sad and sad mood, as if sitting alone in the dead of night and the moon was cold, looking back on the past and feeling miserable. As the theme unfolds, the melody becomes impassioned, and the complaint of grief and indignation, unyielding struggle and aloof personality immediately arouse the * * * in our hearts. Anger, sympathy, admiration, excitement and other emotions are intertwined and boiling in our chests. Until the end of the song, our mood was still unsettled for a long time. This is an experience and attitude of aesthetic emotion.

Aesthetic pleasure.

Aesthetic pleasure comes from the affirmation of people's essential strength, which is manifested in the transcendence of narrow utilitarianism and the pursuit of vitality. As we know, aesthetics is an emotion, a feeling of happiness and pleasure. No matter what kind of aesthetic object it is, it can always bring people aesthetic pleasure. Lofty beauty, such as towering peaks, cliffs and thunder, although they make our eyes and ears strong, often it can give people a sense of pleasure to feel L. Listen to Mozart's music, read Zhang's poems and climb the Great Wall of Wan Li at Badaling, and you can get this exciting or peaceful joy and pleasant aesthetic enjoyment. This kind of pleasure comes from the harmonious movement of one's own mind and language ability, which makes people feel a kind of natural, balanced, gentle and fluent freedom.

Aesthetic pleasure is non-utilitarian and utilitarian because it shows the transcendence of narrow utilitarianism and the pursuit of vitality.

Question 2: What are the obvious features of aesthetic characteristics?

Aesthetics is intuitive.

The so-called aesthetic intuition is the direct perception of the form of beauty and the overall grasp of the aesthetic object. The so-called intuition contains three meanings. First, it refers to the directness and intuition of aesthetic feeling, that is, the whole aesthetic process is concrete in image from beginning to end and is carried out in direct perception; The second is to perceive aesthetic objects from the whole rather than fragments; The third refers to the pleasure of aesthetic senses, which is directly produced without rational thinking and logical judgment, that is, in aesthetics, the beauty and ugliness of an object can be judged without thinking. Edison pointed out: "There are some different ways of material change, and the mind can judge whether they are beautiful or ugly at first sight without prior consideration." This intuition runs through all forms of beauty.

Question 3: The characteristics of aesthetic feeling In aesthetic psychology, aesthetic feeling and aesthetic feeling are combined together, collectively called aesthetic feeling. This is the basic psychological form of aesthetic feeling. Feeling, according to psychological analysis, is a reflection of individual characteristics of things, such as sensory impressions of colors, lines, sounds and textures of things. It is obtained through direct contact between the senses and the object. People's ears, eyes, nose, tongue, body and brain nervous system constitute the sensory analysis organs of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch, and receive and transmit all kinds of information from the outside world. When we feel a certain color, sound, line, texture and produce pleasure, this pleasure begins with feeling. Although these pleasant feelings are physiological, they are the basis and starting point of aesthetic experience. All advanced and complicated psychological phenomena, such as perception, imagination, emotion and understanding, are produced on the basis of feeling. Wang Chaowen once pointed out that "only things that appeal to feelings can arouse strong emotions". External objective objects can only cause aesthetic feeling after feeling.

Psychological research shows that different colors of * * * cause different physiological reactions. This feeling, as a physiological reaction, including the * * * that comes with it, is not aesthetic feeling. In the long-term practice, various social life contents and emotional patterns similar in structure to some physiological feelings have gradually infiltrated and accumulated in our feelings consciously or unconsciously, making them have certain social rational significance and completely different from animal feelings.

Perception, according to psychological analysis, is the overall grasp of the complete image composed of individual characteristics of things, even including the grasp of various meanings and emotional expressions of this complete image.

Aesthetic feeling is not a judgment of knowledge, nor a scientific classification, but a grasp of their emotional expression through the form of things. Only when people see a gurgling stream, they immediately feel its joy and vitality; I feel threatened and depressed when I see the scene of dark clouds pressing the city; When you see river of no return, you feel the passing of time and the ruthlessness of history ... these are aesthetic feelings. On the surface, aesthetic perception is done quickly and intuitively, but behind it lies all the life experiences of the subject, including his beliefs, prejudices, memories and hobbies, which inevitably involve imagination, emotion and understanding. As the starting point and destination of aesthetic activities, aesthetic feeling is interrelated and interacted with other psychological factors.

Aesthetic perception is developed on the basis of feeling and formed under the direct influence of social conditions, while life experience, cultural accomplishment and mood under different conditions as aesthetic subjects directly affect the content of perception. Only when the subject integrates the existing experience, emotion, interest and purpose orientation of will into his own perception of present things can the general perceptual image be sublimated into aesthetic image. However, aesthetic perception is different from general perceptual perception, which excludes the utilitarian consideration of the object and pays special attention to the image characteristics of the object, so that all the perceptual richness of the object is fully accepted by the senses. The objective things are rich and colorful, and the aesthetic subject always chooses the object with clear perception. This psychological phenomenon is most obvious in children's paintings. In children's landscape painting, the sun is always painted red and big, hanging high in the sky. The scenery they are most interested in always occupies a prominent position in the picture. The obvious difference between aesthetic perception and ordinary perception is that it has a distinct sense of color and is accompanied by strong emotional activities. Therefore, aesthetic perception is often carried out in the selection and comparison of various attributes of the object, which is centered on emotional experience and carried out in accordance with the logic of emotional development, so it is a proactive psychological activity and reflects the dynamic role of the subject of perception. It involves not only the combination of external form and existing psychological structure, but also some understanding and explanation. The ultimate goal of aesthetic perception is to create an independent aesthetic world that combines a rich and broad external world with a tortuous and profound internal world.

Question 4: The characteristics of aesthetic feeling The greatest feature of art is to exchange the characteristics of needed items, and the essence of artistic aesthetics is to grasp artistic synaesthesia. From the perspective of aesthetic apperception, artistic synaesthesia is an aesthetic power with apperception as its basic psychological function and emotion as its psychological power, which expresses the personality, mood and emotion of the creative subject. Therefore, artistic synaesthesia should be an artistic creation ability. For an artist, the stronger the artistic synaesthesia ability, the more sensitive he can grasp the characteristics of the image and understand the artistic synaesthesia points between feelings, thus depicting the truth of art and creating unlimited artistic imagination space; For art recipients, the stronger their artistic synaesthesia ability, the more they can communicate with the author in the process of acceptance, understand the meaning of the author's creation, and thus construct their own artistic personality. Therefore, the improvement of artistic synaesthesia ability is an important symbol and embodiment of the improvement of aesthetic ability.

Artistic synaesthesia, also known as synaesthesia, empathy or synaesthesia, refers to the psychological process of aesthetic experience's transfer, transformation, infiltration and communication from perception and representation to image in the flow of various artistic symbols. It is the exchange and borrowing of different feelings and the result of the accumulation of practical experience in social life; The application of synaesthesia can break through people's thinking mode, deepen artistic thinking, turn intangible into tangible, abstract into concrete, and create a vivid and touching artistic image and artistic realm: synaesthesia has the way of feeling, intuition, emotion and attitude association. In artistic aesthetics, artistic synaesthesia is one of the keys to make artistic symbols flow and produce high-level aesthetic experience.

People's sense of the world depends on the five senses of eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body, forming five senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. From the perspective of synaesthesia, these five senses are interrelated, infiltrated and interrelated. Synaesthesia is of great value in aesthetic education. It requires people not only to observe its form, but also to see its spirit, that is, to see the inner spirit from the external image and to realize its profound meaning from the emotional ups and downs. So I don't think the development of a single sense can form a real artistic ability. In aesthetic cultivation, we should fully mobilize a variety of senses, that is, enrich the aesthetic experience of the soul with synaesthesia, and build a bridge of aesthetic communication between various arts with artistic synaesthesia. Artistic synaesthesia not only occurs in the sensory layer, but also is a more advanced psychological activity. At the same time, we should pay attention to the unique role of apperception in unifying and integrating human consciousness. Synaesthesia transforms scattered feelings into a whole, and various * * * are linked under the overall action. The comprehensive function of apperception is based on association and association, resulting in the concept of * * *, which leads to two kinds of apperception analysis: one is called imagination and the other is called understanding. It is the connection and association in apperception that produces the concept of * * *-holistic understanding.

Aesthetic characteristics of art

In literature and art, according to the different media means and ways of shaping images in various artistic forms, they are called plastic arts, performing arts, language arts and comprehensive arts respectively. Literature is a language art, and in artistic aesthetics, artistic aesthetic characteristics are the basis of synaesthesia. Artists and appreciators must find a breakthrough in various artistic aesthetic characteristics and establish contact, so that synaesthesia can flow naturally in various arts. Therefore, if we use artistic synaesthesia to appreciate beauty, we must understand the aesthetic characteristics of various arts. Here is a brief analysis of the aesthetic characteristics of various arts:

First, the aesthetic characteristics of plastic arts. Plastic arts refers to the use of certain materials (such as pigments, silk, cloth, paper). Stone, metal, wood, bamboo, etc. ), an art form that expresses social life and artists' emotions by shaping visual static images. It includes painting, sculpture, photography, architecture, arts and crafts and other specific art forms. Its main aesthetic characteristics are intuition and concreteness; Eternity in an instant; Differences in spatial expression; Formal beauty of cohesion.

(1) Intuitive concreteness means that plastic arts have the characteristics of using material media to express concrete artistic images in space. Plastic arts use material media to create concrete artistic images and directly attract people's visual senses. This kind of direct and concrete image contains rich artistic implication, which directly presents the concrete visible or tangible image to the audience and causes the audience's intuitive aesthetic feeling. Plastic arts can also transform some intangible things that are difficult to express in real life into concrete visual images that can be intuitive.

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Question 5: The aesthetic process of art appreciation 1. Aesthetic intuition in art appreciation The so-called aesthetic intuition refers to the ability of people to grasp and comprehend the aesthetic object or artistic image immediately without thinking in aesthetic activities or art appreciation activities, which makes people forget temporarily, watch with rapt attention and immerse themselves in aesthetic pleasure. Many western aestheticians have mentioned intuition in aesthetic and artistic activities. The important characteristics of aesthetic intuition are intuition and directness. Intuition means that the appreciation of the theme must be personally involved and directly felt. And directness is often manifested as a direct grasp or understanding without thinking. This grasp or understanding is often completed in an instant, without logical judgment or rational thinking. 2. Aesthetic experience in art appreciation As the central link of the whole aesthetic process, aesthetic experience in art appreciation refers to the * * * stage of artistic aesthetic activities achieved by the appreciation subject on the basis of aesthetic intuition. Mobilize the imagination and association of re-creation, arouse rich emotions, put yourself in the works of art, get the aesthetic pleasure of the soul, and transform the artistic image in the external works into the life activities of the appreciator himself. In the stage of aesthetic experience, the subject of appreciation acts on the works of art, and the whole psychological activity is in a positive state, which is reflected in a positive aesthetic re-creation activity. In the aesthetic experience. The richer the subject's aesthetic imagination is, the more thorough aesthetic comprehension is, and the stronger and deeper his aesthetic feeling is. 3. Aesthetic sublimation in art appreciation is the highest realm of art appreciation activities. Aesthetic sublimation means that the subject of appreciation reaches a state of spiritual freedom on the basis of aesthetic intuition and aesthetic experience, and through aesthetic re-creation activities of artistic appreciation, he visualizes himself in artistic works and artistic images and realizes the objectification of essential power. In fact, the aesthetic sublimation of artistic appreciation means that the subject of appreciation visualizes himself in the objects of appreciation (artistic works and artistic images) through aesthetic re-creation activities, and realizes the objectification of human essential strength. Thereby causing aesthetic pleasure and producing aesthetic feeling.

Question 6: What is the core of the perceptual and intuitive aesthetic thinking mode of China traditional art 1? How to understand the spirit of China traditional art?

A: China traditional art is deeply rooted in the rich soil of China traditional culture, which reflects the cultural psychology and aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese nation. China's traditional artistic spirit is very rich, which can be roughly summarized into six aspects: Tao, Qi, Mind, Dance, Enlightenment and Harmony.

(1) Tao-the spirituality of China traditional art

"The Unity of Heaven and Man" determines that the basic spirit of China's ancient philosophy is to pursue the harmony and unity between man and man and between man and nature. "Unity of Heaven and Man" is the core category of China traditional culture. It is not only a theory about the relationship between man and nature, but also a theory about the ideal and value of life. "Harmony between man and nature" emphasizes that human nature is heaven, moral principles are consistent with the laws of nature, and the highest ideal of life should be harmony between man and nature, including harmony between man and everything, as well as harmony between people. One of the most fundamental differences between China culture and western culture is that the former emphasizes "the unity of man and nature" while the latter emphasizes "the dichotomy of subject and object". "Tao" embodies the unity of man and nature, that is, "the unity of man and nature"

(2) Qi-the vitality of China traditional art.

The spiritualization and animation of material qi can be said to be the essential feature of China's "Qi Theory". "Qi" occupies a very important position in the traditional culture of China. Not only Chinese medicine, qigong, opera performance, painting and calligraphy all talk about "qi" first. China's traditional aesthetics uses "Qi" to explain the origin of beauty, and advocates artistic description and expression of the rhythm and harmony of the endless life and vitality of all things in the universe. China's aesthetics attaches great importance to nourishing qi and advocates that artists should constantly improve their moral cultivation and knowledge level. "Qi" is a summary of the artist's physiological and psychological factors and creative ability; It is also required to combine the artist's subjective "qi" with the objective "qi" of the universe, so that "qi" becomes a symbol of the inner spirit and artistic life of artistic works. "Vivid charm" has become the general principle of Chinese painting creation, which profoundly reflects the basic characteristics of China's classical aesthetics.

(3) Heart-the aesthetics of China's traditional art.

China's traditional aesthetics and China's traditional art attached great importance to people's subjectivity from the very beginning, holding that art is the surface of the soul, and the soul is the king of all things, and advocating the monism of heart and music, heart and matter. Therefore, China's classical aesthetics and China's traditional art have always emphasized the integration of aesthetic subject and object, believing that the beauty of literature and art lies in the integration of emotion and scenery, mind and things, and man and nature.

(4) Dance-the musical wisdom of China's traditional art.

In the ancient land of China, primitive totem songs and dances and fanatical witchcraft ceremonies once formed a spectacular scene of dragon and phoenix dances. In the ancient art of China, poetry, music and dance were trinity at first, but only later did they gradually divide and form different artistic categories with their own characteristics. The spirit of "Music and Dance" with strong vitality has not disappeared, but gradually infiltrated into various art categories in China, reflecting the vivid form and style of dance.

(5) Understanding-the intuitive thinking of China's traditional art.

Attaching importance to intuition is one of the important features of China's traditional way of thinking. This traditional way of thinking has also had a great influence on China's traditional artistic thinking and aesthetic thinking, especially the perceptual and intuitive aesthetic thinking with "enlightenment" as the core. As one of the important categories of China's aesthetics and art, "Wu" occupies a very important position in the creation and appreciation of China's traditional art, and a series of related categories such as "epiphany" and "wonderful enlightenment" are derived. A real artist must have "understanding". The biggest difference between artists and artists is that the former controls skills with Tao, while the latter has skills without Tao.

(6) Harmony-the dialectical thinking of China's traditional art.

"Harmony" refers to the diversity and unity of opposites of things, and it is the realization of the unity of all parties to the contradiction. The thought of unity of opposites has become a distinctive simple dialectical thinking view in China's ancient philosophy, and has had a great influence on China's traditional aesthetics and art. Many classic words in China's traditional aesthetics and art are in the form of unity of opposites, such as rigidity, softness, reality, movement, form and spirit, quality, feeling, scenery, image and artistic conception. Among them, the spiritual aspect is more dominant in the unity of contradictions. It is this dialectical thinking that shines with the rational wisdom of the Chinese nation and has a great influence on China's traditional art and aesthetic thought. & gt