Zhang (1903- 1993) is a zoologist and educator from Ningbo, Zhejiang. 1926 Graduated from Zoology Department of Southeast University, 1936 Doctor of Science, University of Paris.
He used to be an associate professor at the College of Agriculture of Beiping University, a researcher at the Institute of Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a visiting researcher at French, Belgian, British and Dutch museums, a professor at Zhejiang University and Fudan University, the vice chairman of Shanghai Branch of China Association for Science and Technology, and the director-general and editor-in-chief of the Federation.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a professor at Fudan University and head of the Department of Biology, a professor at Harbin Normal University and Heilongjiang University, the chairman of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Zoological Society, the deputy director of the Propaganda Committee of the National Social Federation, and the deputy director of the Shanghai Popular Science Association.
He is currently the first honorary chairman of China Society of Amphibians and Reptiles. He has been engaged in biology teaching and research for a long time, and publicized the popular science knowledge of zoology, which has made contributions to cultivating talents and promoting the development of animal science in China. He is the author of China Newt Records and Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. Editor-in-Chief of Science, Encyclopedia of Biology, Reptiles, China Fauna, Reptiles, Crocodiles and Turtles; Co-edited "Exploration of the History of Science and Technology in China" and other publications.
He has been engaged in the research of amphibians and reptiles for decades, and has compiled many works such as Zoology of China and Reptilia. The taxonomy and comparative anatomy of vertebrates were also studied. He is one of the founders of the research on the history of biological science in China, and has trained a large number of biological talents. He also contributed to popular science work.
Chinese name: Zhang
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Ningbo, Zhejiang
Date of birth: 1903
Date of death: 1993
Occupation: zoologist, educator
Graduate institutions: Southeast University, University of Paris, France.
Representative Works: Reptile Fauna of China.
personal record
Zhang (1903- 1993), a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang. 1926 Graduated from Southeast University. After graduation, he served as the teacher and general manager of Zhejiang Fisheries School. After the Northern Expedition began, I worked as a secretary under Bai Chongxi. During the "April 12th" coup, he went into exile in Japan and returned to China two months later. He worked as a teacher in Ningbo No.4 Middle School and taught in Shangyu chunhui middle school. 1928 at the invitation of biologist professor bing zhi, he went to Peking University agricultural college as an associate professor. Six months later, at the invitation of Professor Bing Zhi, he worked as a researcher and secretary of Professor Bing Zhi in the Institute of Biology of China Science Society. 1934 won the scholarship of China Education and Culture Foundation to study at the University of Paris. 65438-0936, received the doctorate and bonus from China Education and Culture Foundation. The Max Planck Museum, Berlin University Museum and Frank Foucault Museum in Germany were inspected. Royal Belgian Museum, Swiss Museum, The Hague Museum in the Netherlands, British Museum of Nature. 1937 At the invitation of Zhu Kezhen, he was appointed as a professor at Zhejiang University, and moved to Guizhou with the school after the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. 1943 went to Chongqing at the invitation of Fudan University. In Chongqing, he refused the reception of the Kuomintang dignitaries and went straight to Beibei for classes. 1946 went back to Shanghai with Fudan.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China 195 1 to 1952, he served as the head of the Department of Biology of Fudan University. After the faculty was adjusted from 65438 to 0952, he served as deputy director of the biology department and director of the zoology teaching and research section. From 65438 to 0958, he was transferred to Heilongjiang University to teach and undertake the preparatory work for the biology department of the school. 1963, the biology department of the school was merged into Harbin Normal University, and Zhang Suixi went to teach at Harbin Normal University. 1976 moved to Shanghai before retirement. 1980 was hired as a part-time professor by the biology department of East China Normal University, and 1982 was hired as a professor at the Institute of Natural Science History.
Zhang has been teaching at Fudan University 16 years, teaching and educating people. He loves his motherland, is honest and frank, and works hard. He was the head of the biology department, and he did his best. In order to turn the Biology Department of Fudan University into a department with complete courses and strong teachers, he hired famous scholars and experts to teach in the department, or worked part-time in the department, and opened many courses that had never been opened in China. Establish and expand new laboratories and specimen rooms in order to obtain books and equipment; He ran around to raise funds, and the biology department of Fudan University was able to squeeze into the domestic advanced ranks, relying on his efforts.
Zhang Yu 1942 just went to Fudan University to teach, and had a face-to-face struggle with the Kuomintang authorities to find a professor. His sense of justice has been well received by Fudan teachers and students. Soon, he joined the founding organization "Chinese Scientists Association" and was elected as the head of Beibei District, Chongqing. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he joined the Shanghai University Professors' Association and actively participated in the patriotic and democratic movement. From 65438 to 0948, the Chinese Scientists Association developed into a national organization. He served as the vice chairman of the Shanghai branch and edited the publication of the association, Shanghai Association for Science and Technology. 1949 served as acting director-general of the association. The Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Scientists Association and the China Science Society jointly held a symposium on "Democracy and Science" and launched a patriotic and democratic struggle. He is one of the leaders. He was a member of the preparatory meeting of the National Association for Science and Technology Congress held in Beiping. And attended the first National Association for Science and Technology Congress. After the meeting, the National Federation of Natural Science Societies (hereinafter referred to as "National Science Federation") and the National Science Popularization Association (hereinafter referred to as "National Science Popularization Association") were established, and the deputy director of the Propaganda Committee of "National Science Federation" and the members of "National Science Popularization" were elected. The first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping, and he was the special representative. Zhang is a famous patriotic science and technology democrat. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the Standing Committee of Shanghai Association for Science and Technology, Chairman of Propaganda Committee, Vice Chairman of Shanghai Popular Science Association, representative of people's congresses from all walks of life in Shanghai, and member of the first and second sessions of Shanghai CPPCC.
Zhang has been engaged in education and scientific research for more than 60 years. He is rigorous and knowledgeable, specializing in biology, zoology and the history of biological sciences. He has a deep understanding of amphibians, reptiles, vertebrates and birds, and is one of the founders of the history of biological science in China. He attached importance to investigation and research, and to the development and utilization of biological resources in China. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he participated in the "Northeast Investigation Group" organized by the National Federation of Science and Technology, and wrote investigation reports such as "Our Northeast" and "Dalian", detailing the biological species in the Northeast and their development and utilization values. During my teaching in Heilongjiang, I traveled all over Heilongjiang, starting from Wudalianchi in the middle, south to Mudanjiang, east to Dongning near the former Soviet Union, north to He Dian in the Arctic, and west to Hulunbeier in Inner Mongolia. I made a detailed survey of amphibians and fish in this large area, wrote a detailed investigation report and made a report at an academic conference held in Guangzhou.
Zhang used to be the executive director of the Chinese Zoological Society, honorary chairman of the Society of Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chinese Zoological Society, and deputy director of the Preparatory Committee of the Shanghai Natural Museum.
The life of the character
Zhang (pen name) was born on July 5, 2005, 1903, from Ningbo, Zhejiang. His father, Zhang Baoling, was a teacher in China and later devoted himself to the Revolution of 1911. Under the influence of his father's words and deeds, Zhang wrote good words and articles. When he was in middle school, he joined the school's snowflake club and attacked the dark forces at that time with pen and ink. 1922 was admitted to the Biology Department of Southeast University. He studied diligently, and completed the five-year course in only four years. 1926 completed the study of the department of zoology and psychology, and obtained the bachelor of science degree from Southeast University. Due to the chaotic situation of warlords at that time, he had to take over his father's teaching post after graduation, teaching Chinese and civics in Zhejiang Fisheries School, and concurrently serving as the general manager of the school. During the Northern Expedition, he served as a secretary under Bai Chongxi, former commander-in-chief of the Eastern Route Army of the Northern Expedition Army. 1927 After the April 12th Incident, he went into exile in Japan and returned to China at the behest of his father two months later. In Ningbo No.4 Middle School, he was the head teacher, teaching Chinese and senior high school biology, and teaching natural history and English in chunhui middle school, Baima Lake, Shangyu.
65438-0928, Zhang was invited by the professor to be an associate professor at Peking University Agricultural College, teaching zoology and comparative anatomy. Six months later, at the invitation of Professor Bing, he worked as a researcher at the Institute of Biology of Chinese Science Society in Nanjing and served as the secretary of Professor Bing, who was also in charge of general affairs for six years. 1934 was invited to attend the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Zoological Society. At the end of the same year, he won a Class A scholarship from China Education and Culture Foundation to study in France. He did research under the guidance of L.Roule, director of the Frog and Snake Institute of the French National Museum of Natural History, and completed his doctoral thesis on China salamanders in one and a half years. The thesis was well received by Professor P. Wintabert, a French contemporary biologist, and received a doctorate from the University of Paris, which enabled him to win a scholarship from China Education and Culture Foundation again. He used this scholarship to visit some museums in Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Britain and Italy.
65438-0937, Zhang accepted the appointment of Professor Zhu Kezhen, President of Zhejiang University, and returned to China. When he set foot on the motherland, it was the July 7th Incident that broke out in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and the school was forced to move inward. On the way to school, he taught zoology and field practice courses with nature as the classroom, collected specimens along the way, and wrote many papers and handouts such as Snakes in Yishan and Birds in Meitan.
From 65438 to 0943, Zhang came to Chongqing at the invitation of Fudan University. When he arrived in Chongqing, he was summoned by Chen Lifu, then Minister of Education, and hired him as a professor studying in the United States. Weng Wenhao, chairman of the Resources Committee at that time, also sent him to the United States, while Zhu Jiahua, minister of organization department, asked him to go to Fudan to rectify the Youth League and mobilize him to join the Kuomintang immediately. Zhang Yiyi turned down these jobs. After he arrived at Fudan University, he launched a face-to-face struggle with the Kuomintang authorities to find the missing Professor Gong Fei, the president of Zhejiang University.
1945 In July, the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Scientists Association was held in Chongqing. Zhang Dang was elected as the head of Beibei District. After returning to Shanghai, he served as the vice chairman of Shanghai Branch (1948 ~ 1950) and the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Association for Science and Technology. The following year, he served as Acting Director-General and Editor-in-Chief of the Federation (1949 ~ 1950) and concurrently served as Executive Director of the Chinese Science Society (1950). He went to the Shanghai Municipal Government with Chen Wangdao, Hong Shen and Pan Zhenya, leftist professors of Fudan University, to argue with Mayor Wu Guozhen and demand democracy. They also initiated the establishment of the "Shanghai National University Professors Association" with professors from Jiaotong University and other schools.
After the liberation of Shanghai, Shanghai Science and Technology Association held a celebration meeting in the auditorium of Shanghai Office of China Academy of Sciences on Yueyang Road. Zhang presided over the meeting, and Mayor Chen Yi personally spoke, encouraging scientific and technological personnel to serve the people. Zhang got to know Mayor Chen Yi through the introduction. Since then, he has served as a member of the first and second CPPCC and the head of the Shanghai Science and Technology Group.
1949 Zhang attended the preparatory meeting of the national science conference and the first national congress held in Beijing. At the meeting, it was decided to establish two national scientific organizations, the National Federation of Natural Science Societies (hereinafter referred to as the National Federation of Science Societies) and the National Association for Popular Science (hereinafter referred to as the National Association for Popular Science). Zhang was elected as the deputy director of the Propaganda Committee of the National Science Federation and a member of the National Science Association (1950 ~ 1958). In addition, he also served as the executive director of the Chinese Zoological Society and the chairman of its Shanghai branch (later renamed the Shanghai Zoological Society), and the editor-in-chief of the China Science Society (1948 ~ 1952). 195 1, director of the biology department of Fudan university. Until 1958, he was dismissed because he was wrongly classified as a rightist.
After 1958, Zhang was forced to transfer to Heilongjiang Province to undertake the work of establishing the Biology Department of Heilongjiang University. From 65438 to 0963, the biology department of our school was merged into the biology department of Harbin Normal University, and taught vertebrate zoology, vertebrate taxonomy, comparative anatomy of vertebrates, ichthyology, field practice and other courses. The vertebrate resources in Heilongjiang province were investigated comprehensively. 1962 was stripped of his right-wing hat (1979 was rehabilitated). In the "Cultural Revolution" that began on 1966, he was criticized again. In this year, his wife died, and his youngest son drowned in 1970 Songhua River, which seriously hurt his body and mind. 1976 retired and moved to Shanghai. Before retiring, she married Chen Qingru, a doctor at Jiangwan Hospital.
On 1980, Zhang was hired as a part-time professor by the biology department of East China Normal University. Two years later, he was appointed as a professor at the Institute of the History of Natural Science, continued to write China Zoology Volume-Reptiles, and enrolled two graduate students in the history of biology. In addition, he was hired as a member of the Editorial Committee of the Biology Volume of the Encyclopedia of China and edited the history of reptiles.
1982 The Society of Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chinese Zoological Society held its inaugural meeting in Chengdu, Sichuan. At the meeting, Zhang, who did not attend the meeting, was unanimously elected as honorary chairman.
From 65438 to 0985, Zhang unfortunately suffered from kidney cancer. After the operation, he recovered quickly under the careful treatment and care of East China Hospital and his wife. For the rest of his life, he buried himself in his book case and compiled Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates and Vertebrate Zoology based on his rich knowledge and experience accumulated in his teaching practice for many years.
199 1 year, East China Normal University held a celebration for Zhang's 90th birthday. Qian, a researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhao, a researcher at Chengdu Institute of Biology, and Zhao Kentang, a professor at Suzhou Railway Normal University, edited commemorative collections for him. Many scholars in science and education circles in Heilongjiang, Harbin, Jilin, Sichuan, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces sent letters and calls to congratulate them. His masters from Fudan University get together, which is really "peaches and plums all over the world, laughing among the flowers". This is an affirmation of his achievements in life, and it is also a compensation for the trauma he suffered in the rough years.
Technical achievements
When Zhang was a researcher at the Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, he learned that biological science abroad was booming at that time, while that in China was still in its infancy. Especially, there are fewer people engaged in the research of amphibians and reptiles in vertebrates, so they are determined to fill this gap. At first, he conducted an investigation near the area where the Institute of Biology was located. Six months later, he wrote the paper "Amphibians in Nanjing". Because this is his first attempt to write a paper, he is a little timid. With the consent of Professor Fang Bingwen, he co-signed Professor Fang and published it. At that time, I learned that the Japanese scientific investigation team came to China to inspect the biological resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to get the survey data first, the professor organized an investigation team from China to investigate in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which was an excellent opportunity for Zhang. They arrived in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other places before the Japanese expedition, and collected many animal specimens, which were compiled and published in a very short time, winning a sigh of relief for China people in science. Nine of Zhang's papers and investigation reports were written in English and published in magazines at home and abroad, such as Brief Introduction of Sichuan Amphibians, Description of Sichuan Reptiles, Description of Zhejiang Newt, Brief Introduction of Zhejiang Reptiles and Overview of Jiangxi Amphibians. Two new species of salamander were also discovered: salamander in Zhenhai and salamander in Guizhou. In addition, the original specimens collected by the Institute of Biology were sorted out. The Catalogue of Common Vertebrates in the Yangtze River Basin was compiled, which is the earliest record of vertebrates in the Yangtze River Basin. Due to the above research results, Zhang was invited to attend the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Zoological Society held in Lushan, Jiangxi. He is one of the youngest scientists at the meeting.
Zhang has the most experience in the study of salamanders. In addition to the above research, he also published four research papers in foreign journals in 1935. His doctoral thesis "monograph on China salamanders" is rich in content, which introduces the species of salamanders in China in detail, and makes a classification and comparison from the differences of morphological anatomy. He also drew many exquisite and detailed anatomical maps, which were well received by P Winterberg, a contemporary French biologist, and his comments on the paper were beyond reproach. The whole audience applauded him. This well-received paper was reprinted into a single book by the American Society of Amphibians and Reptiles 1968 30 years later, and a quotation was added in front of the paper, which was distributed to each member as a model. When he visited the Gothic Museum, he studied the anatomy of salamanders as a visiting researcher, and published a research paper entitled "The Ribs of Ryukyu Salamanders", which was published at the front of the journal of the museum. Zhang has done a lot of work in the investigation of reptiles. In addition to the general survey of Sichuan, Zhejiang and Guangxi, he also made a special survey of snakes in Yishan, Jiangxi Province, and wrote Notes on Snakes in Yishan, the only survey report in Yishan, which was praised by Professor Zhu Kezhen, President of Zhejiang University.
At the celebration meetings of Fudan University 1955 and 1956, Zhang gave two dozen academic reports on Amphibians in China and Reptiles in China respectively. These two sister works are based on the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literatures, and according to the inherent forms of animal species in China, the animals suitable for China are formulated.
1973, Zhang undertook the task of compiling Fauna and Reptiles of China. In order to write about the fauna, he has done a lot of preparatory work, and has published articles such as Reptiles' Characteristics, suborder and crocodile, A Brief History of Reptiles' Research and Reptiles' Characteristics and suborder. The first two works have attracted the attention of international scholars in the United States and Britain. In view of the differences between Chinese alligators and crocodiles, he published an article "Release Crocodiles" in the Journal of Natural History, and quoted Professor Zhu Kezhen's 5000-year meteorological change theory to explain the causal relationship between the appearance and disappearance of crocodiles in Lingnan, China. 1985 completed the first draft of the first volume of Reptiles in China Fauna, which was revised by 1988 and sent to the Zoology Editorial Board of China Academy of Sciences.
Animal taxonomy is the basis of studying animal science. Zhang noticed the importance of taxonomy very early in the process of studying amphibians and reptiles. 1942 wrote the paper "the history of China's biological taxonomy" for the 10 anniversary of the establishment of Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to study the history of taxonomy, starting from the earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions, he read through the ancient books including Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, and expounded in detail the historical traces of the development of biological taxonomy from human beings to know and name species, and then classify them into certain categories according to their characteristics. At the same time, it is pointed out that the rudiment of China's biological taxonomy is represented by Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, and the earliest foreign animal taxonomist Linnai came from behind after Li Shizhen 150. Therefore, it is pointed out that the research of biological taxonomy in China must catch up and catch up. The classification system proposed in his two academic papers "Amphibians in China" and "Reptiles in China" is the result under the guidance of this idea. In the process of studying animal taxonomy, he also noticed the relationship between species and taxonomy, emphasized the significance of species to taxonomy, and published articles such as New Theory of Species and Concept of Species. In 1957, a unified proposal for the suffix of vertebrate subordination, he put forward the idea of using the word "formes" as the suffix of vertebrate subordination, which was accepted by many scholars and widely adopted throughout the country, clarifying the confusion in the suffix of subordination. Lectures on Vertebrate Taxonomy 196 1 written by him in Heilongjiang University is a fairly complete textbook with 230 pages, which discusses the significance, concept and development history of taxonomy in detail. There is also a brief history of taxonomy in the characteristics of each category, which highlights the importance of species in taxonomy. This lecture was praised by Wu Xianwen, a ichthyologist, who thought this textbook was a real lecture on taxonomy. At that time, most of the similar books in China were only classified key tables, which could not be called taxonomy. Regrettably, Zhang was in adversity at that time and failed to print it into a book.
1955, the biology department of Fudan University opened the course of "History of Biology" for the first time, and Zhang was responsible for teaching the history of biology in China. On the anniversary of that year, he made a report on the Summary of the History of Biology in China. The report is divided into eight chapters, covering the beginning of biology in China, the alternation of farming and animal husbandry, the prosperity of agriculture and the establishment of feudal system, biology under the autocratic rule of Qin and Han Dynasties, biology in China after Chinese and foreign traffic and imperialist invasion, and the present situation and prospect of the history of biology in China. It is the first monograph on the history of biology in China, and it is also an unprecedented comprehensive material. It laid the foundation for the study of China's biological history. It is not easy to write this academic research paper. Besides the knowledge of biological science, we should have a good foundation of ancient Chinese characters. Only by being familiar with Oracle Bone Inscriptions can we trace the origin of animal knowledge. As early as 1942, Zhang's A Brief History of Biological Taxonomy in China already described the biological history of China. Dr Joseph Needham, an international expert in the history of science and technology, wrote in the preface of the first volume of the History of Science and Technology in China that he got the knowledge of China's biological history from Zhang's articles, which shows that Zhang is an internationally recognized scholar who studies the history of China. From 65438 to 0947, Zhang published a pamphlet "Examples of the History of Chinese Science", which contained three papers: ① Collection and development of academic historical sites; (2) The history of China's taxonomy (reproduced); ③ The biological historical view of species problem. This booklet was compiled into 1990, volume 90, volume 1 of the Republic of China series.
Because of Zhang's research on China's biological history, he has long-term academic contacts with Joseph Needham. 1979 10 Dr. Needham visited China and made a special trip to Shanghai to invite people to Jiangwan Wujiaochang to look for retired Zhang. Two scholars met in Jinjiang Hotel, had a cordial conversation and took photos as a souvenir. On the occasion of Dr. Needham's 80th birthday, Professor Zhang and Professor Hu Daojing initiated the compilation of Exploration of the History of Science and Technology in China to celebrate. Zhang prefaced the Collection of Essays, sorted out Professor Zou's legacy "Taxonomy of Ancient Animals in China", and also wrote a special article "Textual Research on Four Spirits" for the Collection of Essays, and studied the four spirits of "Dragon, Phoenix, Forest and Turtle" in ancient myths and legends from the development track of ancient hieroglyphs, and gave a modern scientific explanation. In order to promote international cultural exchanges, Zhang believes that Joseph Needham's History of Science and Technology in China consists of 7 volumes, 3 1 volume, and has been translated into German, French, Japanese, Italian and Spanish. However, China has only translated three volumes and three volumes so far, so he took the initiative to translate the whole contents of 49 chapters in volume 365,438+0 of the book and published it in his book Dr. Needham and the History of Science and Technology in China. In addition, he also wrote "Dr. Needham I Know" and "My Research on the Biological History of China" to introduce his research on the biological history of China. Zhang made a valuable contribution to the study of China's biological history.
Zhang attaches great importance to popular science work. After liberation, when he was a member of the National Science Popularization Committee and deputy director of Shanghai Science Popularization, he was the editor-in-chief of Science magazine and Science Illustrated, and also edited several publications under the leadership of Shanghai Association for Science and Shanghai Science Federation, actively promoting the view that science should serve the people. When the East China Exhibition from Ape to Man was held, he served as the deputy director of the preparatory meeting, and was responsible for planning all the contents of the exhibition, making it a good position to publicize popular science. He also wrote a 70-page booklet "Where People Come from" for middle school teachers and students to answer. Later, he wrote The Evolution of Animals, which further demonstrated the origin of human beings. In fact, Zhang began to publicize popular science knowledge as early as the 1930s. He has published popular science articles such as King, Peach Blossom Flowing Water, Mandarin Fish Fat, Rhododendron and Oriole in Science Pictorial. In his essay On Books, he discussed the function of books and its historical development process, guiding people to acquire knowledge from books. His prose "Frogs Everywhere in the Green Pond" is vivid, interesting and scientific, which has aroused the appreciation of colleagues in the Association for Science and Technology. 1984 published 7 serial articles on "Talking about the Dragon" in the journal of Natural History, giving arguments against various legends about "Dragon" at home and abroad. He started textual research from ancient Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and analyzed it from the viewpoint of modern science, and put forward that "dragon" is only a virtual animal and an imaginary animal related to reptiles.
Biographical notes
1903 was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang on July 5th.
1922 ~ 1926 studied in southeast university and graduated.
1927 to 1928, as a teacher in Zhejiang No.4 Middle School.
1929 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Beiping University.
1929- 1934, researcher, Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1935- 1936, visiting researcher, Institute of Fish, Frog and Snake, French National Museum of Natural History.
65438-0937, visiting researcher at Frankfurt Museum in Germany and British Museum of Natural History in London, England.
1937 ~ 1942 Professor, Biology Department, Zhejiang University.
1942- 1958, Professor and Head of the Department of Biology, Fudan University.
1958 ~ 1963 Professor, Department of Biology, Heilongjiang University.
1963 ~ 1976 Professor, Biology Department, Harbin Normal University.
Retired in August 1976.
1September, 980 ~ Adjunct Professor of East China Normal University.
1995 died of illness.
Personal work
His published works include: Two Species of Zhejiang Salamanders, A Brief Introduction to Zhejiang Reptiles, Amphibians in Sichuan, Reptiles in Sichuan, Echinodermoid Salamanders in Guangxi, Guizhou, List of Vertebrates in the Yangtze River Basin, and The name of the genus Andrias in Vietnam should be revised.