abstract
When street basketball and three-person basketball first became popular in China, many people confused them. Although they are all basketball sports, they are different in form and style and cannot be equated. By consulting the relevant literature, I found that many literature materials also confuse the two and do not distinguish them. On the basis of these documents, combined with the relevant information found on the website, this paper analyzes and compares the definition, origin, characteristics, cultural representation and functional influence. And put forward the corresponding development countermeasures. The purpose is to let people have a clear understanding of street basketball and three-person basketball, so as to embark on their own development path.
Keywords street basketball, three-person basketball, cultural quality, functional characteristics, development countermeasures
foreword
In the relevant literature I consulted, most of them studied the origin, function and development status of street basketball and three-person basketball, but I found that there was a * * * similarity in some studies on street basketball and three-person basketball, that is, street basketball and three-person basketball were expounded and studied as the same sport. I have practiced street basketball for a period of time, and found that there are essential differences between street basketball, three-person basketball and even traditional basketball, which cannot be compared. So I thought of such a research topic, which aims to analyze and compare the differences between the two sports and let people have a clear understanding of the two sports.
Street basketball and three-person basketball have just entered China and just become popular. Before people really understand them, many businesses push them to the road of commercialization for their own commercial interests, which will inevitably lead to their unhealthy development. Since they are two different sports, there must be their own development paths to follow. Therefore, people must have a full understanding of the two in order to ensure that they embark on their own correct development path.
1 Definition of street basketball and three-person basketball
Although street basketball and basketball are both basketball sports, they are different in nature, so their definitions are different.
1. 1 the definition of street basketball
Street basketball, also known as "street ball", is a new form of basketball with entertainment as its main purpose and integrating fitness, leisure and performance. It is a kind of basketball, which originated in the slums of the United States and is often played by black teenagers. Because the sports ground is in a simple street or roadside basketball court, it is named. At the same time, street basketball is also regarded as an extension and a part of traditional basketball. Street basketball is not only a form of basketball, but also a branch of "hip-hop" culture, which makes street basketball a popular mainstream culture among teenagers today. However, there is a considerable difference between street basketball and traditional basketball, which makes the sport present unique characteristics on the road of development. Street basketball is rich in content, including street games, bullfighting, fancy basketball performances, street ball music and so on. There are various forms, such as one-on-one, two-on-two, three-on-three confrontation with equal numbers, and many-on-less or less-on-many confrontation with unequal numbers; The rules are simple. Since it is for the purpose of entertainment and has unique style characteristics, participants can make corresponding rules according to their own actual situation.
1.2 definition of three-person basketball
The definition of three-person basketball, three-person basketball is a three-to-three confrontation sport at half-court, and it is a new sport developed on the basis of five-person basketball. From the literal understanding of three-person basketball, we can see that the number of people has been stipulated in the game or confrontation, that is, three against three, so it is not as casual as street basketball. In addition, there are clear rules of the game, so it can be considered that three-person basketball is actually similar to the traditional five-person basketball game.
The Origin of Street Basketball and Three-person Basketball
America is considered as the birthplace of streetball. The 1950s was the embryonic stage of American streetball development, which was half a century later than the invention of basketball. In the 1960s, street basketball heroes came forth in large numbers, during which many streetball masters were born. By the 1970s, street basketball had occupied a place in street culture, and it was becoming mature, which also indicated that street basketball was separated from traditional basketball and became a part of street culture.
Street basketball was a very vague concept at that time. As long as a basketball game or game appears on the roadside or in the park, it is called street basketball, and there is no specific meaning to interpret street basketball. So those roadside and street corner three-person basketball are also within the scope of street basketball.
The author thinks that the embryonic form of street basketball should be three-person basketball. Why do you say that? In 1950s, streetball was still in its infancy, and the technical level of streetball at that time was far worse than today. It is conceivable that the streetball technique at that time can be said to be the basketball technique commonly used by athletes in traditional basketball, but it was not the real streetball technique. At that time, the organizational form was mainly three to three at half-court, but there was also a formal competition mode of five to five, but such an organizational form was rare at that time. However, in the case of three-to-three at half-time, the space for displaying individual skills has increased, and the participants' understanding of basketball has also changed, which is no longer limited to monotonous technical movements and complicated rules. Therefore, some people intentionally or unintentionally combine some simple dribbling techniques to increase the appreciation of basketball or use some special but wonderful breakthrough methods, and at the same time, they can show their control ability of basketball. Over time, participants pay more attention to smooth and casual dribbling, clean breakthrough, complicated and fancy passing and crazy dunk in sports. Since then, streetball has continued to develop, constantly deducing different styles and characteristics, forming a street basketball that everyone is familiar with now.
Compared with street basketball, three-person basketball is more like an abbreviated version of regular five-person basketball in organizational form. Formal organization methods, formal competition rules, formal referee methods, etc. Three-person basketball did not break away from traditional basketball and formed a unique basketball culture, but developed along the development track of conventional basketball. At this point, streetball is "fine".
3 the development status of street basketball and three-person basketball
In China, after/kloc-0 successfully held the first three-person basketball tournament in Victoria Park, Hong Kong in July, 1993, Hong Kong became one of the 32 regional competitions after Frankfurt held the first three-person basketball world championship. In Chinese mainland, the earliest city of three-person basketball was Guangzhou. Subsequently, with the development of commercial activities in various places, many three-person basketball competitions were held, which made the three-person basketball, which had just entered China, deeply rooted in people's hearts and gradually became popular, and gradually became the main cultural and entertainment way for people, especially teenagers. Due to the success of the three-person basketball tournament, more businesses such as Nike, Adidas and other sports brands have also improved their popularity through the influence of the three-person basketball tournament. The scale of the tournament is getting bigger and bigger, the participation is getting higher and higher, and the number of participating teams is also increasing year by year. Friends who know something about street basketball will find that there are many factors of street basketball while holding three-person basketball. Street basketball performances often appear at the opening ceremony of the competition, but this does not mean that three-person basketball and street basketball are the same in nature and cannot be regarded as a whole. In this case, the role of street basketball is often only to serve the three-person basketball game, improve the entertainment content of the three-person basketball, and achieve the role of promoting the three-person basketball, but the ultimate goal lies in the commercial interests obtained by the merchants.
In recent years, various commercial competitions about "three-person basketball" have been successfully held in China. And some so-called "street basketball" competitions, to a great extent, do not reflect the style and essence of street basketball, belonging to the nature of three-person basketball. I believe this can't satisfy most street players. Why do you say that? Because when street basketball is closely related to the result of the game, participants will be greatly bound by the rules of the game. It leads streetball players to blindly pursue the score and the outcome of the game, and consciously adopt the simplest and most practical techniques and moves in the game. Therefore, most streetball players rarely consider fully demonstrating their ball control skills and styles through this kind of competition. Therefore, in these so-called street basketball events, the most impressive thing is only the intensity of the game itself, rather than the skillful ball control skills and fancy performances of the participants, which greatly reduces the appreciation of street basketball.
3. 1 street basketball mixing tape series
Speaking of street basketball, I have to mention the MIX TAPE series of videos, which have had a far-reaching impact on the origin and development of street basketball in China. I learned from a member of Wuhan "3 13" streetball organization that he first learned and learned streetball by watching the streetball videos of the MIX TAPE series on the website.
The two albums of "MIX TAPE" and "MIX TAPE TOUR" are actually all ordinary street basketball events and AND 1 Street Basketball Tour events, and they are cut into pieces by semi-professional and semi-professional shooting methods, and then they are cut together by irregular mixing, coupled with strong African-American street culture production design and graphic effect, with the music mix tape as the background.
In this series, Rafer Alston (jumping to my building) and Chili sauce are the two streetball masters who have the deepest influence on China streetball. Rafer Alston is a famous active player of the Rockets, and Alston and Chili sauce are now the most popular streetball players in the world. The collection tape of MIX TAPE series was originally given to every customer who bought AND 1 sneakers at the AND 1 store, in order to increase the price of sneakers. However, I didn't expect this album to have a great influence in the basketball world. But the fact happened unexpectedly. This basketball style, all the products and feelings of American street basketball culture, quickly spread all over the world. Therefore, these albums are regarded as the "Bible" of street basketball.
3.2 Streetball Organization
Streetball organizations existed a long time ago. Because street basketball was introduced to China late, domestic street basketball organizations were established late, even more than half a century later.
Harlem basketball team has brought streetball culture to the world. Harlem is a place name in new york, USA. Because most of the top streetball players come from this area, Harlem today has been regarded as synonymous with street basketball. Harlem has several basketball teams, the most prominent of which are Harlem Globetrotters and Harlem Wizards Basketball Team.
Harlem Navigator Basketball Team was founded in 1926, and 1927 began to perform. It first went out of the United States on 1948, and now it has been to more than 100 countries in the world. 1956 When the Harlem basketball team was going to visit Lima, Peru, the civil war in Peru was still going on, so it was planned to cancel the game. Less than 1 hour after the news came out, the leaders of the two sides of the civil war negotiated and agreed to lay down their weapons and stop fighting for 4 days. The performance of Harlem basketball team in Peru went on normally. From this historical fact, we can see the great charm of Harlem basketball.
Harlem Wizards Basketball Team was born in 1962. Today, Harlem Wizards tour all over the world every year, and their footprints are all over the world. Over the years, Harlem basketball invented and popularized fancy basketball. They perfectly combined juggling dribbling, imaginative passing and dunking with HIPHOP music and humorous stage performances, vividly interpreted streetball culture and set off a streetball frenzy in various places. They explained the connotation of basketball with exquisite performances. Today's Harlem basketball team perfectly combines street basketball performance with basketball commercialization, constantly bringing forth new ideas, and the performance content changes according to different regions, which will give fans a refreshing feeling every time.
There is another place in Harlem, namely Rock Park in Harlem 155 Avenue. Street basketball players all over the world regard it as the "Mecca" and "Temple" of street basketball.
Street Basketball League, China Street Basketball Organization, was founded in China on June 2002 1. The partners of Street Basketball Observatory are: Nike, and 1, Reebok, Adidas, Coca-Cola, Sports, Dunk Magazine, and Shanghai Oriental. Com, American EA video game company, Netease and so on. It can be seen that the development of street basketball is a huge and potential business opportunity. With the development of street basketball, streetball organizations belonging to street leagues have been established in various cities in China.
4 characteristics of street basketball and three-person basketball
Street basketball, like three-person basketball, has the general characteristics of basketball, such as competitiveness, fun and fitness. What I want to say here is that apart from these commonalities, both of them have their own uniqueness.
4. 1 Characteristics of street basketball
4. 1. 1 Strong organization.
Strong organization has two meanings. The first means that people who participate in streetball generally study and communicate in the form of organizations. For example, the aforementioned Wuhan "3 13" streetball organization is a team organized by like-minded streetball players themselves. There are also world-famous streetball organizations such as Harlem Basketball Team and AND 1, as well as the Street Basketball League, a famous streetball organization in China. Secondly, street basketball games are difficult to organize. In addition to the aforementioned commercial street basketball games, street basketball games are generally played within or between street basketball organizations, and the rules of the game are generally "rules" formulated by the participants themselves. It is very difficult to organize a large-scale game with real street basketball style.
Because streetball is the embodiment of the participants' own will, we can adjust ourselves and balance our strength according to the number of people when playing streetball, and we can form a game form of many-to-less or less-to-many. It can also be done in other forms, such as taking turns playing against each other or practicing freestyle with each other or practicing tactics and personal skills.
4. 1.2 Display of personality
On the street court, everyone can fully express their personality through basketball. Without following the rules, all they need is the release of inspiration and passion. They play basketball not because of the competition, but because they pay more attention to the art of basketball, and integrate music and basketball harmoniously, making them a group of fashion pioneers. Enthusiasm, unrestrained, dynamic, free and easy, fashion and publicity are the characteristics of streetball, so streetball is the best way for streetball players to feel inside. Basketball can become sacred in their minds, and they will try their best to make this sport wonderful and attract people's attention at the same time. Those who have seen streetball players play streetball will truly understand that streetball is not only a sport, but also an art. The dancing personality and dazzling skills on the field make streetball a charm and temptation.
4. 1.3 Rich and varied contents
There are many factors that make up streetball, such as music, clothing, decoration, basketball shoes and even tattoos. Street basketball is often accompanied by a clear background music rhythm. The rhythm of music brings the inspiration of streetball players and the atmosphere of the stadium, and also reflects the artistry of streetball. There are freestyle performances to show individual basketball skills, as well as dunk performances, which are quite playful. Streetball is not so much a sport as a game.
4. 1.4 Weakening of competition results
Without rules, what streetball players pursue is not the winning or losing of the game, but the fun and self-expression of the game. Anyone who has seen a real streetball game will find that even the surrounding audience often watch the excitement of the game and the performance of the streetball players with appreciation. A wonderful pass or clever pass will be applauded, applauded and affirmed by the audience and opponents. Therefore, in this case, participants will also look down on scores and look at winning or losing.
4. 1.5 restrictions on participants
Not everyone can play streetball, especially if they are affirmed by their peers. It is difficult to form a climate in the field of streetball without excellent technology, so streetball is exclusive. At the same time, streetball also has restrictions on the age of participants. Not everyone is fit to play streetball. Without certain flexibility and coordination, it is difficult to play gorgeous and dynamic movements. Therefore, streetball is a sport for teenagers.
4. 1.6 Style characteristics of street basketball
The style of street basketball is mainly reflected in clothing, music and technology, which is incomparable to three-person basketball or even five-person basketball.
4. 1.6. 1 clothing
The costume of street basketball is quite hip-hop Hip-hop costumes, hip-hop sporting goods, wide T-shirts, casual pants, sports boots, baseball caps or accessories such as heavy silver earrings, necklaces and bracelets, sunglasses, walkman, shoulder bag, braided hair or tied hair, etc. , all show full exercise.
4. 1.6.2 Music
The choice of music is also dynamic, mainly RAP rap music and DJ, with a strong sense of rhythm in line with the rhythm of streetball. Generally speaking, this kind of music sounds like the kind that makes people want to exercise.
4. 1.6.3 technology
Unlike traditional basketball, streetball pursues fancy techniques. Generally speaking, traditional basketball pursues simple but practical technology, while streetball pursues randomness and creativity of basketball. Therefore, the basketball in the hands of street players often presents incredible movements, and it is precisely because of this that street basketball attracts many audiences. However, different streetball players have different styles of playing and performing.
4.2 Characteristics of three-person basketball
4.2. 1 The competition conditions are relaxed and the organization is simple.
Three-person basketball can be regarded as a simplified conventional five-person basketball. Compared with the regular five-a-side basketball game, the competition conditions of three-a-side basketball are relatively simple and easier to organize. A complete basketball court can play two three-person basketball games at the same time. Few participants, short game time and simplified rules. Only one referee and one recorder can play.
4.2.2 The role of individual skills in the competition is more obvious.
Because there are few people on the field, the attack area is relatively expanded, and personal skills are easier to play, so the role of personal attack in the game is more obvious. There is often wonderful cooperation in the game, but in three-person basketball, the team with good personal skills is more likely to win the game.
4.2.3 The competition is obviously commercialized.
From the development of China's three-person basketball in recent years, it can be seen that the commercialization of China's three-person basketball game is more prominent at present. In order to establish corporate image and expand brand awareness and influence, many enterprises and companies hold commercial three-person basketball games for target consumer groups. Among these companies and enterprises, most of them are sporting goods, food and beverages, and the target consumer groups are mainly teenagers. They expand their influence through competitions, thus playing a role in inducing consumption.
4.2.4 There are great opportunities for competition and the competition is more intense.
The elimination system is mostly used in the three-person basketball competition, and the competition is more intense because of the short time and small space. At the same time, personal factors play a considerable role in the game, and the game is full of obvious uncertainties, so the chances of the game are relatively large, so suspense makes the three-person basketball more attractive.
5 Cultural representation of street basketball and three-person basketball
Although both street basketball and three-person basketball belong to basketball, their forms of expression are similar and they also show different cultural characteristics.
5. 1 Cultural Representation of Street Basketball
5. 1. 1 global marginal culture
The so-called marginal culture refers to the subculture created and recognized by a few informal groups in society and popular within their groups. Youth culture is one of the multi-social stratification, and it is a sub-cultural form with young ethnic minorities as the only group to live, spread and multiply, so it is a marginal culture. The popularity of streetball among young people mainly lies in its rebellious, non-utilitarian, advanced, aesthetic, differentiated and other characteristics in line with the psychological characteristics of young people. Its pursuit of formal beauty, emphasis on spiritual relaxation and entertainment in sports are also catering to the energetic leisure way of young people pursuing individual freedom, entertainment and sports.
5. 1.2 teen pop culture
Streetball is a kind of teen pop culture. Teenagers are often the staunchest supporters of "pop". From the moment it was born, streetball attracted the attention of countless teenagers, and set off a series of popular storms around the world. Simple streetball sports also gradually deduced many youth cultures with new style characteristics, such as streetball costumes, sports equipment, hip-hop background music and so on, which were highly recognized by young people.
5. 1.3 Hip-hop culture
Hip-hop culture is a new cultural life space created by teenagers, which is constantly formed on the basis of breaking the old cultural norms and survival mechanism that are not suitable for human development. Hip hop is a popular cultural symbol, and street basketball belongs to hip hop culture. As a sports culture, it conveys teenagers' desire and exploration for the meaning of life and time. As a popular culture, it shows teenagers' rich personality and independent rebellious spirit; As a leisure culture, it is the expression of affirming and enjoying life, and it can integrate the experience of the meaning of life into entertainment and the principle of value into healthy interest.
5.2 Cultural representation of three-person basketball
5.2. 1 competition culture
Three-person basketball can be regarded as the abbreviation of traditional basketball. In this case, it also has the qualitative characteristics of traditional basketball competitive culture. Entertainment is the main purpose of street basketball. Different from street basketball, traditional competitive basketball mainly creates excellent sports results through training and competition. Although the development of three-person basketball in school is not as fierce as that in society, under the trend of its continuous maturity, three-person basketball will become a part of competitive basketball in school, which will promote classroom teaching, improve health, knowledge and skills and achieve the goal of cultivating people.
5.2.2 Leisure and entertainment culture
Three-person basketball is also a typical youth leisure and entertainment culture. Young people engage in this sport after work and study, which helps young people develop and improve themselves and improve their quality of life. The content and form of competitive basketball are really attractive, but for various reasons, not everyone can become a professional player, and many people's understanding and contact with basketball is limited to watching basketball games. As a novel form of entertainment, three-person basketball is easily accepted by people and meets the physiological and psychological needs of contemporary people. It can coordinate people's mental state and relieve mental stress. It can also be used as a way of communication to shorten the distance between people.
6. The role and influence of street basketball and three-person basketball
Street basketball and three-person basketball have many similarities in function and influence, such as fitness function, entertainment function and communication function. And their influence on teenagers' consumption view, but because of their different cultural affiliation, their influence on teenagers' consumption view is not the same.
conclusion
Although street basketball and three-person basketball are both basketball sports, they actually develop in different directions, which is also the difference and connection between basketball culture and hip-hop culture. It can be seen from the comparative analysis of their functions, characteristics, cultural representations, laws and development status. In fact, street basketball is a different road from traditional basketball, and it is also the embodiment of hip-hop culture. Comparatively speaking, three-person basketball follows the development path of traditional basketball. Therefore, street basketball and three-person basketball cannot be treated equally. Only by understanding their essence can we seek their own correct development path, and only in this way can we ensure their healthy growth on their own path and promote the great development of basketball in China.