Brackish water, domestic sewage and storm flood are called marginal water, which is the new water source for human beings in the future. Israel has long attached importance to the utilization of marginal water, and is one of the earliest countries in the world to develop and utilize brackish water. Through advanced technology, the state has desalinated underground salt water into brackish water with Cl- below 400 mg/L, and explored a set of ways to successfully use brackish water for irrigation. They use advanced sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and night irrigation measures to rotate crops with different requirements for soil salinity, such as cotton, wheat and alfalfa, build drainage systems, and use the precipitation in rainy season to wash away the salinity, so as to keep the annual balance of soil salinity and prevent secondary salinization.

In order to make use of storm floods and prevent water abandonment, the state has built small reservoirs in each small watershed with annual precipitation of 200 mm ~ 400 mm in northern hilly areas for local irrigation. In arid agricultural areas with annual precipitation below 200mm, chemical substances are sprayed on the ground to prevent water infiltration, increase light rain surface runoff and make limited precipitation flow into farmland. In the field, they also collected water from crop residues, which increased the water content of the soil. While using brackish water, Israel has also built a desalination plant in the Negev desert in the south, using flash evaporation to obtain fresh water, and at the same time evaporating seawater and generating electricity, killing two birds with one stone.