On Honesty in Accounting Professional Ethics

With the continuous development of accounting industry, more and more people begin to realize the importance of accounting integrity in social and economic activities. With the complexity of the economy, the lack of accounting integrity has gradually evolved into an increasingly intractable disease in today's economic development. Although many scholars have studied this issue from many aspects, so far no one has been able to accurately define accounting integrity morality. There are many problems in the authenticity of accounting data, and even the most basic quality of accounting integrity has been questioned by all walks of life.

Accounting integrity is the product of the development of social and economic relations to a certain stage, the development and extension of traditional "integrity", and an important symbol of accounting professional ethics. Accounting professional ethics requires accountants to keep faith, keep secrets and not be tempted by interests in their practice activities, and conduct true and complete accounting based on the actual economic business, that is, keep accounts and prepare accounting statements according to the requirements of original vouchers, accounting standards and accounting systems.

First, the significance of the construction of accounting integrity

Liu Zhongli, former Minister of Finance, pointed out that honesty, as the essential attribute and core value of the accounting industry, is the cornerstone of the survival and development of the CPA industry and the fundamental guarantee for the scientific development of the industry. The authenticity and integrity of accounting information quality directly affect the vital interests of enterprises and social and economic order. Therefore, the construction of accounting integrity has a far-reaching impact on the normal operation of China's socialist market economy, the circulation of economic information and the development of all walks of life.

First of all, accounting integrity is the most basic survival of accounting practitioners. Not making false accounts and being honest and trustworthy are the professional ethics that every accountant should abide by. Accountants can't be honest and trustworthy, and the financial information provided is a kind of deception to investors and the outside world, and its effective reference value hardly exists. Then, this accountant will be punished by law and condemned by morality, and then lose his foothold, and his company will be difficult to develop for a long time, which will also have a serious impact on the economic interests of society.

Secondly, accounting integrity is the basis of normal accounting work. Accounting integrity requires accounting practitioners to provide true and reliable financial information to investors, managers and relevant departments of the company. If the financial information provided by accountants lacks authenticity and reliability, the effective development of market economy will be disturbed and destroyed. In the long run, people will no longer trust the financial statements provided by the company, and accounting work will be difficult.

Finally, accounting integrity is the basis for the smooth operation of the socialist market economy. Developed market economy is a contract economy, and modern society is also a contract society. The development of socialist market economy also needs to establish this kind of contract economy based on trust. Accounting work needs to disclose all kinds of transaction information in the market micro-economy seriously, truly, reliably and completely, which is a kind of financial supervision to accounting.

Second, the status of China's accounting integrity

With the development of economy, especially listed companies, it is necessary to disclose their performance. In order to better finance in the later period, enterprises may make financial fraud, which will lead to a series of accounting information distortion events and seriously affect the healthy development of market economy.

What are the early accounting frauds in the world? Financial innovation giant? Enron Company, named "Enron Company" and ranked 16 in Fortune Global 500 in 2000, went bankrupt due to accounting fraud, which had a great impact on the international community and also caused international concern and reflection on the construction of accounting integrity.

In recent years, accounting fraud has occurred from time to time in China. The accounting information in the annual report of Ziguang Guhan Group Co., Ltd. from 2005 to 2008 is false and dishonest. The accounting information of Chuangzhi Information Technology Co., Ltd. was tampered with in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Amoi Electronics Co., Ltd. inflated profits and falsified accounting information in the 2006 annual accounting statements. The above-mentioned three listed companies, as well as the influential financial fraud of Wanfushengke, Yunnan Greenland and the New Earth Incident, have seriously affected the order of the securities market, harmed the interests of creditors, investors and other stakeholders, and the companies have also been seriously affected.

Accounting fraud undermines the principle of fair competition in the market and seriously affects the market order. Accounting fraud can only be cheated for a while, but not for a lifetime. It makes no difference to develop an enterprise by making false accounts. Drink poison to quench your thirst? This is something that accounting counterfeiters should keep in mind.

Third, the reasons for the lack of accounting integrity

At present, the lack of accounting integrity is manifested in the following aspects: accountants do not operate according to the norms, enterprises take advantage of accounting laws and regulations to evade taxes, accountants cannot adhere to professional ethics, and internal supervision of accounting industry is not enough. In this regard, the specific reasons are as follows:

(A) information asymmetry

Information asymmetry between producers and users of accounting information. Producers of accounting information can obtain information more easily and conveniently than users of accounting information. The manufacturer of accounting information not only participates in the whole business process of the company, but also has a full understanding of the internal activities of the company, while the user of accounting information only knows the basic situation of the enterprise through the information provided by the manufacturer. This provides a favorable opportunity for the producers of accounting information to falsify. In order to better establish the corporate image and increase the company's performance, business operators will do things that violate the principle of good faith and provide false accounting information to users of accounting information.

(B) Inter-industry accounting analysis

1. The internal audit system of enterprise accounting department has a long way to go.

Internal audit is not only an important part of the internal control mechanism of enterprises, but also the main means to supervise and evaluate internal control, which plays an important role in the healthy development of enterprises. However, compared with developed countries, there are still many gaps and deficiencies in the construction of internal audit system in Chinese enterprises, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the concept is not taken seriously. Some people think that internal audit is formalism, others think that it is causing trouble for themselves, and everyone does not realize the positive significance of internal audit to enterprises; Secondly, due to the lack of organizational guarantee, the subordinate relationship of internal audit institutions can not be well solved, which makes the internal audit department lack the necessary independence guarantee; Finally, the staffing is insufficient and the quality is not high. Many internal audit departments are short of personnel or excellent personnel, and some are even in? A man's army? State.

2. There is dereliction of duty or fraud in the external audit of accounting firms.

The business and duty of an accounting firm is to accept the entrustment according to law, examine the legality and authenticity of accounting statements and other financial materials of relevant economic organizations as an independent third party, and issue an objective, fair and legally proved report. The external audit of accounting firms is an important guarantee for the quality of accounting information and economic operation, and even plays a decisive role in maintaining market economic order, protecting public interests and promoting comprehensive, stable and progressive social economy. However, in recent years, due to the accounting fraud of some listed companies, people have doubts about the legitimacy, objectivity and fairness of the reports provided by some accounting firms. Therefore, the system and integrity construction of CPA industry need to be further improved.

3. The comprehensive quality of accounting practitioners is not high.

China's accounting practitioners are rich in middle and low-end talents, and there is a serious shortage of high-end talents, especially accountants with high comprehensive quality in all aspects. If the accountants' own quality is not high and they are driven by external interests, they may not be able to resist the temptation of interests and act in accordance with the law. At work, there are still some accountants who are not familiar with the economic business of enterprises and their own ability level is not high, which leads to the occurrence of accounting information distortion, which has an impact on accounting integrity and thus reduces the quality of accounting information.

Fourth, measures to strengthen the construction of accounting integrity

The lack of accounting integrity not only brings losses to investors, but also adversely affects the operation of the whole market economy, so it is particularly important to solve the problem of accounting integrity.

(1) Improve accounting standards and reduce the display space of false accounting information.

Government management departments should strengthen supervision, further revise and improve accounting standards and systems, and reduce the whitewashing of financial reports. Encourage enterprises to provide more notes to financial statements, disclose more non-financial information, and increase supervision and inspection of cash flow information. According to the development trend of China's market economy, the government should formulate and publish the latest accounting standards as soon as possible and formulate a set of practical policies.

(two) to increase the supervision of staff in various industries.

Government supervision departments should further improve laws and regulations according to the requirements of the development of market economy, increase the integrity supervision of workers in various industries, and let integrity be deeply rooted in people's hearts. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate a set of laws and regulations conducive to the development of enterprises in combination with relevant laws and regulations, the characteristics of enterprises themselves and the situation of accounting departments.

(3) Strengthen professional ethics education and improve the overall quality of accounting practitioners.

Honesty education should start from college students, be included in teaching materials as a course, and implant honesty into everyone's heart. At the same time, honesty education should be widely publicized in the society, especially in the accounting industry? The basis of survival? . Regularly carry out legal and ideological and moral education for accounting practitioners to improve their legal awareness and comprehensive quality. Conduct regular knowledge training for accountants so that their accounting foundation is no longer weak. Strengthen continuing education, improve the accounting qualification system, and establish and improve a standardized accounting professional qualification assessment system.

From the above analysis, we can see that any economic development is inseparable from accounting, and accounting integrity is the most basic and important professional ethics in accounting work. The development of enterprises is closely related to accounting integrity. As long as the government strengthens supervision, accounting practitioners adhere to professional ethics and are not driven by interests, the construction of accounting integrity will certainly achieve fruitful results.

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