Senior engineer comments on the topic model essay 1.
This paper discusses the problems existing in the design standard, fund raising, construction, management and maintenance of Tongcun Highway.
Keywords: Tongcun Highway, construction, management, maintenance
Tongcun highway is the most important transportation infrastructure in rural areas, which is of great significance to facilitate people's travel, improve rural production and living conditions and promote rural economic development. It is directly related to the vital interests of the people and has been actively supported by the people.
Especially? Eleventh five-year plan? During the period, the country was introduced? Every village? The policy has improved the investment subsidy standard for Tongcun highway construction. The construction of Tongcun highway has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the rural traffic environment has changed greatly.
The construction of Tongcun Highway has indeed played an extremely important and positive role in promoting agricultural production, increasing farmers' income and improving rural production and living conditions.
However, due to many factors such as capital bottleneck and natural environment, there are many outstanding problems in Tongcun highway construction, such as low design standard, difficult financing, low quality, light renovation and inadequate guarantee facilities.
This paper discusses the problems existing in the design standard, fund raising, construction, management and maintenance of Tongcun Highway.
First, the problems existing in the construction and management of Tongcun Highway
(A) Tongcun highway construction standards are low.
Tongcun Highway is a Class IV highway, and the construction standard is subgrade width of 4.5m and pavement width of 3.5m.. There are 1 wrong lanes every 200-300m, with a length of 20m, a subgrade width of 6.5m and a pavement width of 5.5m.. Both ends are10-20m, and the maximum longitudinal slope is 10%.
However, in the construction and implementation of Tongcun Highway, there is basically no special construction drawing design, and the pavement is wide.
Some are less than 3.5 meters, most of them have no shoulders, no drainage facilities and protective facilities, and the roads have passed.
Narrow and difficult to drive.
(2) The construction cost of Tongcun Highway is getting higher and higher, and it is difficult to raise local matching funds.
The construction funds of Tongcun Highway mainly come from central subsidies and local self-financing. Eleventh five-year plan? During this period, the national subsidy standard is 654.38+10,000 yuan per kilometer in the economically developed areas in the east and 0.5 million yuan per kilometer in the remote mountainous areas in the west.
The construction capital of Tongcun Highway is about 250,000 yuan per kilometer. In the implementation of construction, the local self-raised part is often not fully in place, and it is impossible to build according to the standard requirements only by state subsidies.
Pass? Eleventh five-year plan? Construction, conditional villages have been paved with asphalt cement roads, and the next step of Tongcun highway construction is mainly concentrated in remote and poor mountainous areas in the west. The terrain and geological conditions are complex, and the construction cost is getting higher and higher, with an average cost of about 350,000 yuan per kilometer. State subsidies are far from enough, local financial resources are limited, and self-financing is becoming more and more difficult.
In the construction of Tongcun highway, due to the rigid regulations of the central government on farmers' fees, the funds lacking in the construction of Tongcun highway in various places are basically paid by village collectives or donated voluntarily by migrant workers. However, in some remote and poor mountainous areas, due to the long road mileage, the large number of bridges and culverts and the lack of special subsidies from the state, the already weak village collectives simply cannot bear the pressure of funds and debts.
(C) Tongcun highway construction quality issues.
Because there is basically no special design for Tongcun Highway and the construction funds are short, it is impossible to choose a regular construction unit for construction through bidding. It is often the villagers who temporarily form a construction team. In order to complete the construction task, the project cost can only be reduced.
In actual construction, adopt? Leave here? Road, paved along the old road with undulating terrain, only the low pavement is leveled with slag, and the cement concrete pavement is paved directly.
Because the plane alignment and longitudinal section are not adjusted, there are generally problems of poor alignment and large longitudinal slope.
At the same time, Tongcun Highway basically has only one layer of cement concrete pavement, and stone chips are often used instead of yellow sand in pavement construction. The construction quality of Tongcun Highway is seriously affected by the insufficient strength of the base and the thin surface. After a slightly heavier vehicle is driven, the panel often breaks and the surface is loose.
(4) The safety facilities of Tongcun Highway are not perfect and there are serious safety hazards.
Due to the shortage of funds and special design for Tongcun highway construction, many Tongcun highways failed to improve bridges and culverts and traffic safety signs at the same time, and some Tongcun highways had shoulder defects and ditches were impassable.
There are no safety protection facilities and signs along dangerous sections such as sharp bends, steep slopes, high filling and deep excavation, and riverside.
There are basically motorcycles, tricycles and agricultural vehicles on Tongcun Highway, which have poor braking and stability. In addition, there are many forks on both sides of the expressway. Some intersections leading to villagers' groups or residents' homes are blocked by lush weeds, so it is difficult to see whether there are pedestrians and vehicles, and there are no traffic signs at these intersections, which are prone to safety accidents.
At the same time, some villagers have poor safety awareness, riding motorcycles without helmets, speeding and overloading are very common, which are the causes of safety accidents.
(5) The reconstruction of Tongcun Highway is light and seriously damaged.
Due to the lack of funds, the mechanization of Tongcun highway construction is low, the construction team is uneven, the technical level is relatively weak, and their own quality is not high. Coupled with the lack of maintenance after the completion of the highway, the roadbed and pavement of rural highways built in recent years have been seriously damaged, and some have gone from bad to worse.
Tongcun highway was built vigorously, but no one cared. The main reasons are as follows:
First, the understanding is not in place.
According to the survey, the problems of neglecting the reconstruction management of Tongcun Highway are widespread, the understanding of maintenance is not high, the management and maintenance work is unbalanced, and most villages have not established the maintenance mechanism of Tongcun Highway.
Second, maintenance funds are quite scarce.
In addition to the national press 1000 yuan/km? In addition to giving Tongcun highway maintenance fund subsidies, the city, county (city, district) and township government did not arrange Tongcun highway maintenance fund subsidies. Village road village raising? Village-level collectives are short of economic and financial resources, and many roads are damaged, destroyed by water, collapsed and subgrade diseases cannot be repaired.
Third, the maintenance management organization is not perfect.
According to relevant regulations, the people's government at the county level is the main body responsible for the construction, maintenance and management of rural roads, and its transportation authorities are specifically responsible for the construction, maintenance and management of rural roads.
The township (town) people's government is responsible for the construction and maintenance of township roads within the scope of duties determined by the people's government at the county level and under the organization and guidance of the transportation department; The villagers' committee shall, with the guidance and help of the people's government at the county level, the transportation department and the township (town) people's government, do a good job in the organization and implementation of village road construction and daily maintenance.
Although the responsibilities of governments at all levels are clearly defined, there is no specialized highway management organization below the township level, so it is difficult to put the work in place in the implementation process.
Fourth, the maintenance measures are not effective.
Mainly reflected in? Three difficulties? In fact, it is difficult to implement maintenance personnel, maintenance responsibilities and personnel remuneration.
Although some towns and villages designate special personnel to carry out maintenance, the maintenance team is difficult to be stable and the maintenance work is difficult to implement because of low remuneration and difficulty in cashing.
Two, to strengthen the management of Tongcun highway construction countermeasures and suggestions
(1) Improve design standards and improve supporting facilities.
During the construction of Tongcun Highway, there should be a construction drawing design.
When designing, the design department should adjust the sections with poor horizontal and vertical alignment to make all indicators meet the requirements of the specification as much as possible; At the same time, the subgrade and pavement should be specially designed to clearly require the strength and thickness of each structural layer of the pavement.
When designing the main line, design safety facilities, protective facilities, warning signs, signs, etc. At the same time with the main project construction.
(2) Appropriately raise subsidy standards and increase fund raising.
The core of Tongcun highway construction management lies in policy measures, and the key lies in funds.
At present, the construction cost of Tongcun highway is getting higher and higher, mainly concentrated in remote and poor mountainous areas, and it is too difficult for local self-financing It is suggested that the state should treat the subsidy standard of Tongcun highway separately by region, the subsidy standard can be appropriately raised in economically developed areas, and the full subsidy can be implemented in poor and remote mountainous areas.
It is suggested that local governments introduce policies and measures to raise funds for the construction and management of Tongcun Highway, which mainly come from the following channels: First, governments at all levels of cities, counties (cities, districts) and towns arrange certain financial budget funds to actively help remote villages with weak village-level economic foundation to complete the construction of Tongcun Highway.
The second is to encourage the beneficiary units and individuals along the Tongcun Highway to donate funds.
Through naming rights, greening management rights, advertising management rights, roadside resources development management rights and other ways to raise.
Social funds, use? Nominal road maintenance? 、? Cultivate roads with trees? 、? Make a living by advertising? Equality party
Type, raise funds through multiple channels.
(3) Strict supervision to ensure the construction quality of Tongcun Highway.
First, choose a qualified and professional construction team.
Establish and improve the four-level quality assurance system of department guidance, professional supervision, social supervision and self-inspection of construction team, and strictly control the aspects of project preparation, subgrade compaction, pavement laying and project acceptance.
The second is to adhere to the construction standards.
Conscientiously implement the policies and regulations on rural highway construction, strictly implement the construction standards, and have strict requirements on indicators such as width, thickness and strength.
The third is to strengthen supervision and guidance.
Traffic engineers and technicians went deep into the front line of construction, effectively strengthened the technical guidance and on-site supervision and management of rural highway construction projects, and improved the management level of rural highway construction.
At the same time, old party member, villagers with experience in construction or technical management, and prestigious people can be employed as voluntary supervisors of village road construction to strengthen the quality supervision of village road construction.
The fourth is to strictly control acceptance.
Do a good job? Subgrade, base course and surface course? In the three stages of quality acceptance, the width of subgrade, the thickness and strength of base course and surface course should be selected, and the unqualified ones should not enter the next working procedure.
(D) departmental cooperation, social linkage, as soon as possible to improve rural road safety facilities.
Insist? Government leadership, departmental cooperation, social linkage, joint management and comprehensive management? Work ideas, establish and improve the traffic safety management system and operation mechanism of Tongcun Highway, and quickly organize the publicity and traffic safety education of Tongcun Highway Security Facilities Construction Conference. Safe and smooth counties and townships? Special activities, such as large-scale construction, will give priority to solving the major traffic safety hazards of dangerous sections such as cliffs and stagnant water in Tongcun Highway, especially passenger lines, and strive to improve the safety guarantee capacity of rural roads, reverse the situation of frequent safety accidents in rural roads, and truly make rural roads a safe road, a happy road and a rich road for benefiting farmers.
(5) Establish a long-term mechanism to strengthen the management and maintenance of Tongcun Highway.
All towns and villages should actively explore specific implementation methods suitable for township highway maintenance, and adopt methods such as combining perennial maintenance with seasonal maintenance, combining professional maintenance with mass maintenance, and combining folk maintenance with state subsidies. Assign a person, a paragraph, a responsibility? Key sections can be maintained by special classes of highway maintenance stations, and the village responsibility system is implemented in general sections. In the village, the road section management is grouped, implemented to households, clearly defined to people, segmented to households, and all-inclusive maintenance is carried out. The township government strictly pays the maintenance remuneration.
Tongcun highway has a long total mileage, a wide range, scattered villages, low construction standards and great differences in conditions and environments among villages. What should I do? Three points to build, seven points to raise? Adhere to the road of paying equal attention to construction and maintenance. Governments at all levels should include the daily maintenance fee of Tongcun Highway in the annual budget. In addition to state subsidies, governments at all levels should also increase maintenance funds accordingly, continuously strengthen the maintenance work of Tongcun Highway, and give full play to the benefits of Tongcun Highway.
Concluding remarks
The construction of Tongcun Highway is a great good and practical thing done by the Party and the government for the people. Governments at all levels should strengthen supervision, ensure the quality of rural highway construction, raise funds for construction and maintenance through multiple channels, and adhere to? Pay equal attention to construction and maintenance? Construction concept, improve safety facilities as soon as possible, further do a good job, do practical things, and let the people fully enjoy the development achievements of Tongcun highway construction.
Senior electrical engineer thesis topic model essay 2
Taking Xuzhou Mining Group Life Service Company as an example, this paper analyzes the energy saving and emission reduction of boiler heating in winter. Facing the increasing demand of residents for heating quality, heating enterprises should not only complete the task of energy saving and emission reduction, but also meet the requirements of users and establish a harmonious relationship between supply and demand. How to solve the contradiction between them, unify social benefits, economic benefits and environmental benefits, and put forward reasonable suggestions and measures for the energy saving and emission reduction work of life companies to reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions.
Keywords: heating, energy consumption, energy saving and emission reduction, measures
Energy conservation and emission reduction is an important strategic policy for world economic development.
The National Development and Reform Commission put forward in the long-term special plan for energy conservation that energy conservation is a long-term strategic policy for China's economic and social development and an extremely urgent task at present.
China's economic development is based on high consumption, and the contradiction between economic development and resources and environment is increasingly acute.
Only by adhering to economical development, clean development and safe development can we achieve sound and rapid economic development.
Strengthening energy saving and emission reduction of heating system has become an important content of urbanization in China.
Life Corporation is mainly responsible for heating the organs and living quarters of mining groups, and a large part of domestic heating belongs to the internal welfare of enterprises. However, in recent years, the prices of raw materials such as coal, electricity and water have been rising, and it is difficult to collect heating fees, which has led to economic losses of Life Corporation and restricted its development. It is impossible to fundamentally solve the economic problems by subsidizing the group companies. Seek benefits from the market, strengthen energy management, reduce costs, tap the company's potential and enhance its comprehensive competitiveness.
Based on the analysis of the existing problems of energy saving and emission reduction in life service management companies, this paper discusses the countermeasures of energy saving and emission reduction, with a view to promoting the work of energy saving and emission reduction.