Environment is the basic prerequisite for human survival and development. The environment provides necessary resources and conditions for our survival and development. With the development of social economy, environmental problems have been put on the agenda of governments of various countries as an unavoidable and important issue. Protecting the environment, reducing environmental pollution and curbing the trend of ecological deterioration have become important tasks of government social management. For our country, protecting the environment is a basic national policy. It is an important and arduous task for the government to solve the outstanding environmental problems in China, promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, and implement the strategy of sustainable development.

At present, there are still many environmental problems in Guangzhou. There are many harmful substances in the exhaust gas discharged from cities every day. The floating dust, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in some parts of the city exceeded the national standards, and acid rain also occurred in Guangzhou. The dissolved oxygen and oil pollution of Pearl River water flowing through Guangzhou have not been effectively controlled, and the noise and pollution are serious. Some farmlands are adjacent to industrial areas or large enterprises, which are polluted by industrial "three wastes", and the use of pesticides is increasing year by year, which affects the agricultural ecological balance.

So far, human beings have not found water on other planets except the earth. Water is the source of life and an indispensable substance in human life. Water in human tissues accounts for 60% to 70% of human body weight, and water in other animals or plants also accounts for more than 5%. It can be seen that water is an indispensable substance to maintain life.

However, in recent years, water pollution in Guangzhou is very serious. People use a lot of water or discharge waste water, which will cause serious water pollution. Generally speaking, water pollution mainly refers to the change of physical, chemical or biological characteristics of pollutants after they are directly or indirectly involved in water by human factors, thus affecting the normal use of water or endangering national health and living environment. The sources of water pollution include natural pollution sources and man-made pollution sources. Man-made pollution sources include the discharge of domestic water and industrial wastewater, pesticides, fertilizers and other substances, which enter the water body through the infiltration and flow of surface water or groundwater, resulting in the pollution of the water body environment, and the increase of suspended solids and dissolved substances in the water body caused by human factors such as deforestation, aquaculture and civil engineering.