1, manual detection.
Manual detection is to judge whether there is duplication by reading, comparing and analyzing the contents of papers manually. Experts or reviewers who are familiar with this field can find out whether there are duplicate contents or similar expressions by comparing and contrasting the overall structure, paragraphs and sentences of the paper.
2. Use special software tools.
In order to judge whether there is duplication in papers more efficiently, many academic institutions and journals use special software tools to detect it. The most commonly used tools are "hand in" and "cross check". By comparing the papers to be detected with a large literature database, these tools can detect similar texts or duplicate contents in the papers and generate corresponding reports.
3. Comprehensive factors.
Whether it is manual detection or using software tools, it is necessary to consider a variety of factors to judge the duplication of papers. In addition to direct text similarity comparison, we should also consider the citation format, academic norms, reasonable repetition (such as method description, common vocabulary) and other factors.
The principle of paper duplicate checking:
The paper detection system will divide the paper into sections and clauses according to its own algorithm, and extract the segmented content and compare it with the content in the system's own literature collection. Usually 7 to 8 words are plagiarism. After the comparison is completed, if obvious plagiarism is found, it will be marked with obvious color. Finally, the results will be obtained according to the repetition rate calculation formula and displayed in the generated test report.
In the paper inspection report, the number of repeated characters will be displayed. Generally speaking, repeated content will be expressed in two colors, one is yellow, which means that the text has been "quoted"; The other is red, indicating that the text has been "copied".
From the reference data of the maximum monji replication rate of a single report, we can clearly see the number of repeated words marked in the yellow position, and the total number of words on the right. According to the repetition rate formula, we can know what the repetition rate of our paper is.
The above data are all from the paper time network.