Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. Its function is to obtain the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The abstract shall include the following contents:

1, the purpose and importance of this study;

2, the main content of learning, explain what work has been completed;

3. The basic conclusions and research results highlight the novelty of the paper;

4, the significance of the conclusion or result.

Although the abstract of the paper should reflect the above contents, the text must be very concise, the content should be fully summarized, and the length is generally limited to less than 5% of the words in the paper. For example, a 6000-word paper usually has an abstract of no more than 300 words.

Don't give examples, talk about the research process, use charts, give chemical structures, and make self-evaluation. The common problems in writing the abstract of a paper are as follows: 1. Plagiarizing the subtitle (table of contents) or the text of the conclusion part of the paper; Second, the content is not centralized and the text is too long.

It is necessary to have a high degree of generalization and a concise and clear language. Both Chinese and English, with a Chinese abstract of about 300 words; There are about 250 notional words in English abstracts.

Extended data:

Function: You can get the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper.

1. Let readers know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the topic.

Modern scientific and technological literature information is vast, whether readers will read the full text after searching the title of the paper is mainly judged by reading the abstract; Therefore, the abstract is responsible for attracting readers and introducing the main contents of the article to readers.

2. It provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval database.

After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases, and the abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve documents. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.