I. Overview of Green Supply Chain Management (I) Concept of Green Supply Chain
The concept of green supply chain was first proposed by the Manufacturing Research Association of Michigan State University in 1996? Environmental responsibility manufacturing? It is proposed for the first time that environmental awareness supply chain (ECSC) or environmental supply chain (ESC) is a modern management mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource efficiency in the whole supply chain. The definition of green supply chain management is as follows: Green supply chain management is a modern enterprise management mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource efficiency in the whole supply chain. Based on supply chain management technology, it involves suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, logistics suppliers and other enterprises and end users. Its goal is to make the negative impact on the environment as small as possible and the resource efficiency as high as possible in the whole supply chain management process from raw material procurement, product manufacturing, distribution, transportation, warehousing, consumption to recycling.
(B) the competitive advantage of green supply chain management
1. Enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and improve the efficiency of the whole supply chain. Nowadays, the market competition is increasingly fierce, and the competition faced by enterprises is no longer a business unit, but related groups in the whole supply chain. Enterprises looking for alliances to implement green supply chain can make enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises of supply chain integrate and innovate, complement each other's advantages and bring more benefits to the whole supply chain.
2. Increase customer value. Enterprises implement green supply chain, so that the final products are not only suitable for the environment, but also the ultimate beneficiaries are customers and consumers, and win the long-term trust of consumers.
3. Enhance corporate image. Enterprises often ignore social benefits because they pursue their own economic benefits. Through the implementation of green supply chain management, enterprises can establish the image of safe and reliable products and attach importance to social responsibility, and win the trust of consumers.
4. Avoidance of green technology trade barriers. With more and more attention paid to ecological problems, many countries in the world, especially developed countries, have set up corresponding technical clauses and environmental protection laws and regulations, which makes products manufactured by traditional supply chains and non-supply chains face more production and export incompatibility through green barriers. If enterprises want to produce for a long time, they must make their products meet the corresponding green standards. Therefore, enterprises must implement green supply chain.
Second, the so-called Wal-Mart's environmental protection 360 plan? Environmental protection 360? The plan is that 100% of the products sold by Wal-Mart must use renewable energy, with zero manufacturing cost, and only sell environmentally friendly products that are in harmony with environmental energy. On the one hand, Wal-Mart saves its own operating costs through planning, and on the other hand, it reduces the cost of purchasing products from suppliers through continuous improvement of suppliers, so that environmental protection policies can create profits for the whole company.
Wal-Mart's procurement standards have also improved. In addition to its own comprehensive evaluation system, Wal-Mart Global Purchasing Office has launched the "Model Factory" project and scorecard system. The implementation procedure is: give the supplier a list of evaluation criteria, and the supplier will self-evaluate the treatment of wastewater and waste, and then the buyer of Wal-Mart Global Purchasing Office will go deep into the factory to inspect the supplier's product quality, social ethics and environmental protection. The evaluation based on this situation will determine whether the supplier is selected.
In practice,? Environmental protection 360? It is mainly embodied in green procurement, green manufacturing, green marketing, green logistics and green consumption in green supply chain management.
Green procurement
The definition of green procurement by Zsidisin and Siferd is that a company's green procurement is a series of policies, actions and corresponding relationships formulated to deal with natural environment-related issues, involving the acquisition of raw materials, including supplier selection, evaluation and development.
(2) Green manufacturing
Green manufacturing includes green design, clean production and green packaging. Wal-Mart insists on green packaging management? Five r's: remove (remove unnecessary packaging); Reduce (remove unnecessary packaging); Reuse (reuse some packaging materials); Renewable (using recyclable and degradable packaging materials) and recyclable (recyclable).
green marketing
Wal-Mart China launched a series of promotional activities for energy-saving and environmentally-friendly products in Wal-Mart Shopping Plaza nationwide to provide consumers with green products with high quality and low price.
Green logistics
In terms of logistics, Wal-Mart stipulates that all refrigerated freight trucks must stop their engines and switch to on-site power supply when loading and unloading or other operations are carried out in warehouses, docks and yards to help refrigeration.