Graphite is a natural elemental mineral with a crystal structure between atomic crystal, metal crystal and molecular crystal, and belongs to a transitional crystal with hexagonal or triangular crystal system. It is similar to diamonds and Zhao Jishi named after Chinese American mineralogist Zhao Jingde. In the crystal, valence bonds are formed between carbon atoms in the same layer by sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is connected with three other carbon atoms, and six carbon atoms form a regular hexagonal ring on the same plane, which is stretched to form a layered structure. The carbon atoms in the same plane each have a p orbit, which overlaps with each other to form delocalized π bond electrons, which can move freely in the lattice and can be excited, so graphite has metallic luster and can conduct electricity and heat. Because the distance between layers is large, the binding force (van der Waals force) is small, and each layer can slide, so the density of graphite is smaller than that of diamond, which is soft and has a sense of satiny. Gray-black, opaque solid, density 2.25g/cm3, melting point 3,652℃, boiling point 4,827℃, hardness 1. Stable chemical properties, corrosion resistance, not easy to react with drugs such as acid and alkali. Burning in oxygen at 687℃ will produce carbon dioxide. It can be oxidized into organic acids by strong oxidants such as concentrated nitric acid and potassium permanganate. It can be used as antiwear agent and lubricant, high purity graphite can be used as neutron moderator in atomic reactors, and can also be used to manufacture crucibles, electrodes, brushes, dry batteries, graphite fibers, heat exchangers, coolers, electric arc furnaces, arc lamps, pencil refills, etc.