We are most familiar with Mulan, a heroine who joined the army for her father. She galloped on the battlefield and cut through thorns. If there is a front, who is it? There is also a heroine like Liang Hongyu, who personally held a sword in the battle of Huangsha and crusaded against 8 Jin Army, making her famous all over the world.
As the saying goes, "Learn from the Eight Arrays of Xichuan, and the mandarin duck sleeve holds the military emblem." Since ancient times, many heroines have appeared one after another. Many heroines who are familiar with them think their stories are familiar, but many people don't know the first female general in China history, because her popularity is not high compared with other heroines, but in fact, she is the first female military hero commander in chief who goes down in history.
She is a woman who has made outstanding contributions to the history of China, and according to the records of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, Fu Hao was ordered to go to war many times and fought in the battlefield many times with outstanding achievements.
Then, why did Fu Hao become the first female general in history in that era when a woman is virtuous without talent?
1, of noble birth
A good wife has a relatively noble background. In Shang dynasty, the honor of mother and son was inseparable. Only a noble mother can become the first wife of Shang Wang, that is, the queen at that time. At the same time, only the son born to the queen is qualified to inherit orthodoxy. When the son is made a prince, or after inheriting orthodoxy, the noble mother can be formally included in the memorial after her death and enjoy the sacrifice with her husband.
At that time, Wu Ding had three spouses who could share confessions with her husband. One was made a prince in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and had the title of Xiao Wang, but he did not inherit Datong. He was called "filial piety" in later classics, and the other was Zu Geng Yao, who succeeded Datong to the throne. There is also a son named Zujiazai. The identities of these three sons are also unusual, namely Fuwa, Fuhao and Cong Gui, so all three of them entered the eulogy. In this way, Fu Hao is Wu Ding's first wife, and her son is one of the candidates to succeed to the throne, so she is also one of Wu Ding's lawful spouses, so her status is more noble. Fu Hao at that time should be a prominent one at that time. In Shang Dynasty, Zhuge Fang was also an important vassal. From this point of view, Muhao's maiden status is actually very noble, and Muhao's birth also laid the foundation for the later leaders to kill the enemy and have aristocratic status.
2. Master the power to preside over the sacrifice.
Sacrifice is the first thing in the eyes of Shang people, and national affairs need to be sacrificed first. However, according to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, Fu Hao participated in or presided over many national-level sacrificial activities. In Wu Ding's Oracle Bone Inscriptions, many sacrificial methods were used. Generally, prisoners of war or animals are sacrificed, and the objects of sacrifice are all important figures when Yin and Shang Dynasties were founded. At that time, basically all sacrificial activities were related to state affairs.
He devoted himself to the battlefield and was trusted by Wu Ding.
There are many wives in Wuding, but according to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, there are only two women fighting on the battlefield in Wuding. One is Fu Hao and the other is Simuwu. At that time, only one country was hit by Fu Hao. The difference is that according to statistics, Fu Hao fought in five countries. Judging from his personal status and ability, Fu Hao fought in a country far higher than Simuwu.
At that time, Wu Ding called people from all over the world to fight for Fu Hao. At that time, the Turkish side was also one of the countries where Fu Hao fought, and it was the main enemy of Yin merchants in the northwest. According to later research, the earthwork at that time was a descendant of Xia Dynasty. Finally, this country was conquered by Yin and Shang Dynasties in Wuding period. At that time, according to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, Wu Ding personally met the enemy from the front, drove the enemy to the trap set by Fu Hao, and Fu Hao cooperated to kill him.
At that time, Ren Fang, one of the five countries, that is, one of the countries where Fu Hao fought, was also called Dongyi in later generations. In Shang Dynasty, it was not called Ren Fang. At that time, this country was not a complete country, but many small countries belonged to the Xia Dynasty and formed an alliance. There are many tribes in this country, and at the same time, it has a vast territory and abundant materials, which makes this country very powerful. At that time, it was a very important measure for the Shang Dynasty to expand its power to the southeast, but in the Wuding period, it began to crusade against the people, mainly led by Wuding himself, and the main follow-up generals were Fu Hao and Hou Gao.
4. Mastering the right of conquest has made remarkable achievements.
Fu Hao is one of the most outstanding princes in Wuding. In Fu Hao's tomb, two bronze cymbals were unearthed, one of which weighed 9000 grams and was more than 39 centimeters long. Moreover, the bronze cymbals are engraved with the lines of double Hu heads and printed with the inscription "Fu Hao".
When the bronze cymbals were still alive, it was inferred that Fu Hao had killed the enemy with two charge cymbals. In fact, this is a misunderstanding, because this huge weapon is too heavy to use with both hands, let alone one in each hand.
In fact, as a symbol of power at that time, this cymbal was the same as the flag used by the army. It must be held by a special person, especially by a noble. Standing on the chariot, on the one hand, is used to boost morale, show that you are destined to make a conquest and become famous, and at the same time, it is also used to command the three armed forces, rather than taking a cymbal to the front.
Therefore, the bronze cymbals unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb are not used in actual combat, but as a symbol of their authority in Commander Fu Hao. It can be seen that Fu Hao still had the right to conquer at that time, which was a very remarkable thing at that time.
5. Strong fertility
As the queen of Shang Dynasty, it is very important for Fu Hao to have children. In the era of Wuding, businessmen called pregnancy "ordered", which was also recorded in detail in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. During Shen Jiari's divination, the fortune teller asked how the output of the Wudingfu was. Wu Ding is quite experienced and said, "If the delivery date is on Sunday, it will be very smooth. If it is on Geng Day, it is the call of auspiciousness and celebration. If it's open.
It can be inferred that at that time, women fell in love more frequently in childbirth, and at that time, they gave birth to a son and were included in the position of Prince, so they were eligible to enjoy the salary with Wu Ding.
6. Participate in politics independently and handle state affairs.
In addition, Fu Hao also participated in many daily affairs, and Wu Ding often sent Fu Hao out to handle affairs. At that time, Fu Hao was not only sent by Wu Ding, but also communicated with other ministers to serve the king. Fu Hao also met with women. Zhu Fu refers to Wu Ding's harem.
According to the records in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there are more than 60 concubines in Wu Ding, all from different princes and tribes, and all have noble status. Muhao can summon these concubines in a higher position, which proves that Muhao has a good position and voice in the imperial court and harem, and it also proves that Muhao is more valued than other women.
In addition, Fu Hao will meet the old man, and the ruler will meet the old man. On the one hand, it can show respect for the venerable old people, and at the same time, it can take good care of the ministers. At that time, the venerable old man had a high status in society, and Wu Ding entrusted such an important thing to Fu Hao. It can also be seen that Fu Hao's position in the whole court at that time was extraordinary.
At that time, after a prisoner or slave escaped, he needed a strong guard to arrest him, but Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded that "chastity is easy to call a woman." It means to let women catch criminals. Therefore, women participate in many national affairs, but she is basically responsible for what men can do.
7. Have a lot of wealth
In ancient times, tortoise shells were rare and precious. At that time, tortoise shells were used for divination and recording, so tortoise shells at that time were also symbols of personal wealth. At that time, Fu Hao wanted to pay tribute to the Shang Dynasty. It is recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions that Fu Hao paid tribute to Shang Dynasty ten times. In divination, taking this unit as the unit of measurement, the weight and quantity of tortoise shells are about the shoulder blades of two cows and the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of ten cows. At that time, the diviners in Wuding period were responsible for counting and recording the number of Fu Hao's tributes on Oracle bones. At that time, Oracle bones were rare as a precious and rare product, but Fu Hao was able to pay so many tributes at one time, which also proved that Fu Hao himself or his country was very rich and had a strong economic background.
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"I worked hard until I died. I once dreamed of thrush." In the long history of thousands of years, countless new female stars have appeared, playing their own light and value in their respective fields. Although Fu Hao is a woman, her historical achievements can be compared with those of some emperors. However, despite her outstanding military achievements and extraordinary military talents, she died in childbirth at the age of 33. However, Fu Hao, as the first well-documented Oracle female commander in chief in China, her legendary life is also worth learning from later generations.