1 Common management problems in thermal power enterprises
1. 1 The development foundation is weak.
The management of any enterprise is to make the enterprise get better development, but for the vast majority of thermal power enterprises in China, there are congenital deficiencies on the basis of development, which brings great difficulties to the management of enterprises. The weakness of the development foundation of thermoelectric enterprises is reflected in two aspects, on the one hand, the lack of development consciousness in mentality, on the other hand, the lack of development capital in strength. From the point of view of mentality, many operators of thermal power enterprises have not divorced from the thinking mode of planned economy, and the development of thermal power enterprises is positioned on pure production and supply, which is not conducive to opening up the thermal power market, optimizing operation quality and improving enterprise efficiency. The concrete manifestation of this kind of problem is that when making management strategy, it pays attention to the inside and ignores the outside, which leads to the imbalance of the general direction of management decision. From the strength point of view, first of all, thermoelectric enterprises are capital-intensive, and at the same time, power supply and heating systems and equipment need a lot of capital investment, and it takes a long period to get a return on investment. In other words, it is difficult for us to have the funds for later expansion. Therefore, if we can't predict the future market in the early stage of construction and lay a good foundation for the future development demand in the current construction period, the development situation of thermal power enterprises will be very severe in the face of the increasing market demand in the future.
1.2 Management confusion
There are two reasons for the management confusion of thermal power enterprises. One is that the investors are too diversified, and the other is the dual-track system of heating and power supply. The management confusion caused by investors stems from the imbalance of technical strength and management institutions under the multi-investors, taking the subordinate thermal power plant as an example. These thermal power plants basically have strong technical force, but there is no systematic leadership and management organization, and the strong technical force can not be effectively utilized, resulting in a great waste of resources. The management confusion brought by the dual system comes from some thermoelectric enterprises transformed from ordinary power enterprises. These enterprises were originally only aimed at the management system of power system, but they did not improve the management system in time after adding heating systems, and the managers did not understand the management of heating, which led to many gaps and mistakes in the management of heating systems.
1.3 external contradictions are prominent
The change of market supply and demand has increased the influence of external factors on the operation and management of thermoelectric enterprises. A series of external contradictions make it difficult for many thermoelectric enterprises to keep up with this external change in their management. The most typical problem is the contradiction between power grid and power plant. Thermoelectric enterprises are usually owned by local governments, and power grid companies often have shares or holdings. Changes in market supply and demand affect the mentality of these owners. For example, when the market is short of electricity, the power grid will almost blindly demand thermoelectric enterprises, but once the market demand for electricity drops, these owners will basically give priority to all their own power plants. In this case, thermoelectric enterprises that are responsible for both power supply and heating are often not optimistic, which leads to many thermoelectric enterprises not daring to develop or even enter the market. 2.4 backward technical concepts. The thermoelectric enterprises in China are not advanced in production technology and management concept. From the technical point of view, small thermal power technology is still the main technology, with low efficiency and low thermal efficiency, and there is basically no automation equipment. This technical backwardness greatly restricts the development of thermal power enterprises, and also makes the management lack the necessary strength base. From the management concept, the logistics engineering and technology of power supply system are still managed as two completely separated systems, namely, China Market 20 14 No.40 (No.803 in total) and heating system, which not only lacks management efficiency, but also has a lot of rigidity and contradictions in the establishment of management system, with complicated personnel and chaotic system.
2 feasible management measures for thermoelectric enterprises
In order to avoid and solve the above problems as much as possible, we must first prepare countermeasures, which will be implemented in the management of enterprises in the form of specific measures. Although there are many specific measures, they can be roughly divided into the following four aspects.
2. 1 Introduce scientific ideas and lay a solid foundation for development.
Combine the new management concept under the market economy with the original management concept of thermal power enterprises, and change from the original production supply management to production target management. By formulating the production policy and business objectives of the whole thermal power plant, we can enhance the development awareness of enterprises and formulate scientific and reasonable reward and punishment measures to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees. In addition, it is necessary to lay a solid foundation for enterprises and prepare for future development. Specifically, in the initial construction stage of thermal power plant, it is necessary to predict the future development situation, and do a good job in infrastructure construction during the construction period to cope with the increasing market demand in the future, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the thermal power plant is unable to expand after it is completed and put into operation, and is powerless in the face of the increasing market demand for thermal power.
2.2 Optimize the management system and improve production efficiency.
Thermoelectric enterprises should make a detailed investigation on the specific conditions of hot-spot plants and formulate special management systems according to their production needs, production conditions and technical strength. This can not only avoid the confusion of personnel, but also make efficient use of existing resources and realize the optimal redistribution of production resources. In order to improve the overall production efficiency of thermal power enterprises, it is decided to abolish or redistribute redundant personnel, equipment and institutions. In addition, the management system should be formulated scientifically, especially in view of the characteristics of both power supply system and heating system in thermal power enterprises. We can learn from foreign advanced experience, promote the integration of dual-system management system in thermal power enterprises as soon as possible, and change the inefficient management phenomenon of fragmented management in the past.
2.3 Strengthen foreign exchanges and ease market contradictions.
Insensitivity to market trends is the main reason why the management of thermal power enterprises is subject to market contradictions, so it is necessary for managers of thermal power enterprises to improve their sensitivity to market trends. To this end, we must take various measures to strengthen foreign exchanges. In the internal system, a special market department is set up to investigate the market dynamics and provide timely suggestions to managers according to market changes, so that thermal power enterprises can adjust their business decisions at any time according to market characteristics; On the external window, establish an e-commerce platform. Through this platform, on the one hand, strengthen the mutual understanding between the market and enterprises; On the other hand, reduce the necessary management and operation costs and curb the phenomenon of capital loss. At the same time, the high efficiency of e-commerce platform in business can enhance the market competitiveness of thermal power enterprises and weaken the unfavorable conditions of thermal power enterprises in the period of fierce market competition to some extent.
2.4 update production technology and improve production quality.
Only by fundamentally strengthening the strength of thermoelectric enterprises can the management work be carried out smoothly, so it is necessary to update the production technology that is too backward at present. Specifically, the introduced new technology should be able to reduce the consumption of fuel and cost, and improve the efficiency of power supply and heating. For example, the generator set and boiler should choose the highest temperature and pressure as far as possible, and it would be better if the boiler has advantages in coal efficiency and coal adaptability; The introduction of system optimization technology that can optimize the whole thermoelectric system, such as the combination of pumping and recycling, can optimize the working state and self-regulation function of the unit; The automatic control efficiency of heating pipe network system needs to be further improved, and the intermediate loss should be reduced as much as possible; This paper introduces some necessary equipment powered by steam, including fans, feed pumps, etc. , as far as possible to reduce the power consumption rate of thermal power plants; In heating, strive to achieve cooling water heating, which not only avoids the waste of water resources but also improves the overall comprehensive thermal efficiency; In order to maximize the conversion efficiency of thermal energy, plate heat exchangers with high efficiency and energy saving characteristics should be used as much as possible; Application of heat pump technology in waste heat recovery of power plant.
3 The future prospect of thermoelectric enterprise management
The popularization of informatization is the inevitable result of this information age. Considering the great value of management informatization in the management of energy efficiency and the overall development trend in the future, it is necessary to take the construction of management information system into consideration in the current construction period of thermal power plants. Specifically, a database can be established according to the future expected demand of thermal power plants and the determined production and operation conditions, and the management model of production and operation can be constructed through the database, which is actually embodied as an information management system connecting the whole thermal power plant. In this way, as soon as the thermal power plant is completed, the information system can be put into use immediately, realizing the systematization, informationization, networking and dynamics of operation management, finding out the details of initial production in time and making adjustments in time, which is of great positive significance for improving the production efficiency of thermal power enterprises. At the same time, this information management mode will also be the development direction of the whole thermoelectric industry in the future.
4 conclusion
What the market economy brings is a constantly changing market. Under the pressure of this market situation, it is impossible to design a general management model that can be applied forever. The change of market demand, the continuous progress of science and technology, the self-development of enterprises and the change of production conditions will have different degrees of influence on enterprise management. Therefore, the managers of thermal power enterprises must keep a keen sense, monitor the influencing factors of enterprise management at any time, and adjust the details of enterprise management in time according to the specific changes of influencing factors. Only by putting this dynamic management concept into daily work from the initial operation stage of thermal power plant can the completed thermal power plant be rejuvenated and take the first step of modern management.
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