Taking some special geology and areas as examples, this paper introduces the application of landscape technology in soil and water conservation. Scientific selection of plants, rational cultivation and maintenance, application of garden techniques, etc. Through concrete examples, it is further proved that landscape technology can play a role in improving the sustainable utilization space of soil. Keywords: landscape technology; Soil and water conservation; 1 Application of Garden Technology and Development of Soil and Water Conservation 1. 1 Garden technology includes garden construction, garden design, garden management and other aspects, including the selection, cultivation and maintenance of garden plants, as well as the design and management of a complete garden system composed of landscapes and facilities. Landscape technology plays an active role in improving the regional ecological level and beautifying the environment. As far as garden construction itself is concerned, it is also closely related to soil and water conservation. For example, in the process of earthwork excavation, transportation and filling, if the soil stability is destroyed, the soil structure is disrupted and the soil density is reduced, it is easy to cause soil erosion. Therefore, in earthwork construction, attention should be paid to the observation of soil quality, and the rationality of slope, slope and depth should be considered. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out scientific water supply and drainage design according to local conditions, and slow down the speed of runoff and prevent soil erosion through the organization of valleys, streams and mountain roads, which can also play a very good role in reducing soil erosion. In addition to the above factors causing soil erosion caused by landscape construction, the focus of this paper will take some special geology and regions as examples to introduce the application of landscape technology in improving the effect of soil and water conservation, in order to benefit the improvement of landscape technology and the effect of soil and water conservation. 1.2 Importance of soil and water conservation China is one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world. After more than 50 years of treatment, soil erosion has been generally curbed, but soil erosion in some areas is still very serious, which is the main ecological and environmental problem in China. In recent years, with the development of economy and society, people's ecological and environmental awareness is increasing. While carrying out all kinds of work around the Soil and Water Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), it puts forward newer and higher requirements for the prevention and control of soil erosion. Like the garden project mentioned in this paper, it involves many soil and water conservation measures. In the process of garden construction, the scientific application of the concept of soil and water conservation will achieve the purpose of effectively preventing soil erosion, promote the sustainable utilization of soil and water resources, give full play to the ecological and environmental benefits of gardens, and provide guarantee for the restoration, improvement and healthy development of ecosystems. 2 Application of landscape technology in soil and water conservation Taking special geology and regions as examples, this paper introduces the application of landscape technology in soil and water conservation. 2. 1 saline-alkali land development saline-alkali land refers to the land where the salt content in the soil affects the normal growth of crops, which is "salty, toxic, flat and thin". There are 34.7 million hectares of saline-alkali land in China, and there are about 100 towns with saline-alkali land distribution. Including the vast inland areas north of the Yangtze River, as well as the Liaodong Peninsula, Bohai Bay and the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu, as well as a small number of coastal areas in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces, Taiwan Province Province and the South China Sea Islands. Under saline-alkali geological conditions, most garden plants are under severe physiological stress and cannot survive. How to improve the greening rate of saline-alkali land through garden technology, let soluble salt penetrate into the lower layer or go with the water, make the soil "desalt", make the soil fertile and realize the re-development and utilization of the land. The author thinks that the application of landscape technology in saline-alkali land development is mainly reflected in the following aspects. 1) Select saline-alkali tolerant plants. China attaches great importance to the management and development of saline-alkali land, and actively studies and cultivates saline-alkali tolerant plant varieties. At present, there are more than 500 known halophytes in the world, and there are about 400 ~ 500 species in China. Therefore, the key factor to improve the greening effect of saline-alkali land, that is, the selection of saline-alkali tolerant plants, has certain plant utilization conditions. (2) reduce the groundwater level. The key relationship between groundwater and soil salt content is high groundwater level, high salt content and easy salt accumulation. In saline-alkali land, the groundwater level can be relatively reduced by raising the bed surface of plant cultivation. This method can not only improve the soil desalination effect of rainwater leaching; It can also reduce the salt return of soil. While raising the plant cultivation bed, fish ponds and ditches can be dug together, and the excavated earthwork is used to raise the green cultivation bed, which not only effectively reduces the groundwater level, but also plays a good role in water storage and drainage. (3) Scientific planting. First of all, we must choose strong seedlings. When planted in saline-alkali land, there are common problems such as difficult rooting, slow rooting and poor growth. Therefore, it is necessary to choose seedlings without pests and diseases, mechanical damage and strong roots for planting. This kind of seedling has strong saline-alkali resistance and fast growth. In addition, proper use of rooting powder, planting with mud and planting with plastic film in large holes are helpful to improve the survival rate of seedlings. (4) Scientific conservation. If there is no scientific and reasonable maintenance and management of garden plants in saline-alkali land after planting, the soil will easily return to salt. Once the soil returns to salt, not only the growth of seedlings will be affected, but also it will bring difficulties to soil improvement. In terms of scientific conservation methods, scientific arrangements should be made according to the characteristics of plants and soil. Generally, it includes loosening soil, covering soil and reasonable fertilization. 2.2 Ecological Restoration of Mining Wasteland The vegetation of mining wasteland was destroyed, and the water-holding capacity decreased, which hindered the infiltration of surface runoff; At the same time, the flow direction of groundwater will also change because of exploitation, which will lead to the interruption of rivers and streams and the disorder of water system; And the formation of mined-out areas. , it will aggravate the soil erosion of abandoned land in mining areas and bring some destructive natural disasters, such as sandstorms, mudslides, mountain torrents and even desertification. Therefore, the ecological restoration of mining wasteland is of great significance, that is, to restore the structure and function of the ecosystem, and then improve the productivity and stability of the ecosystem. From the perspective of landscape technology, it can be mainly carried out by the following methods. (1) soil improvement. Soil improvement is the key to ecological restoration and reconstruction, which can be improved by direct improvement or new soil covering. According to the soil conditions in the mining area, measures such as cutting height and lowering cushion, leveling soil, restoring soil, digging shallow cushion and filling coal gangue or fly ash can be adopted to treat the subsided land. (2) Suitable plants. Due to the treatment of the soil in the mining wasteland, the absorption of heavy metals in the matrix by plants is promoted. Therefore, the improved wasteland is not suitable for planting crops, and long-term improvement must rely on plants. Using nitrogen-fixing plants and mycorrhizal plants to improve wasteland can bring good ecological benefits into play. (3) Vegetation community. It is very important to use native plants to restore vegetation communities. These plants that can tolerate acid water pollution can better remove mineral ions from wastewater, and have strong patience and plasticity. Garden technology forms a multi-structure ecosystem and a multi-level plant community by cultivating plants. In terms of vegetation nutrition, the materials on the base can be used as media for plant growth and can be recycled, such as coal, ore and metal as media for plant growth. (4) Clear water irrigation. Including intercepting surface water to prevent surface runoff from flowing into the mining area, thus reducing wastewater recharge; Close all kinds of abandoned mine roadways, and reduce the possibility of oxidation and acid water generation by isolating air. The old drainage channel is transformed into a waterscape park, and the water purification system is driven by wind or electric facilities. At the same time, the collected rainwater is purified in the cooling pool and sedimentation pool, and then transported to various gardens for clean water irrigation. 2.3 Slope protection Slope protection refers to the reinforcement of slopes by the adhesion of plant roots and soil and the winding of roots and stems, so as to improve the erosion resistance of slopes. It plays a certain role in conserving water resources, reducing soil erosion, purifying air, maintaining ecology, purifying environment and ensuring the safety of people and vehicles. Because most slopes are caused by excavation, the surface vegetation is destroyed, and the anti-erosion ability of topsoil is weakened. Under the action of raindrops, gravity and wind erosion, it is easy to cause soil erosion and difficult to sow. In addition, the soil is mostly raw soil, the nutrient content is generally low, and the slope soil has little interception effect on precipitation. Therefore, it is necessary to create a soil environment conducive to plant growth through corresponding garden techniques. (1) Plant selection. In order to achieve better soil consolidation and slope protection effect, we should choose the one that adapts to the local climate and has strong drought resistance; Developed root system and strong expansibility; Rich seeds, easy to renew and grow; Perennial, long green period; Plants that can be widely managed. There are many kinds of plants to choose from, mainly herbs, shrubs, vines and trees. (2) Comprehensive factors. The factors to be comprehensively considered are slope, soil texture, thickness, physical and chemical properties of slope soil, planting purpose and so on. In addition to the conditions of soil itself, the main climatic factors that should be considered in selecting slope plants are local temperature and precipitation. (3) Slope reinforcement. Generally laid in places with large slopes or long longitudinal slopes. Bricks or other blocks are used as materials, and the materials are placed in the soil to expose the ground to a certain height, and 3~4 lanes are arranged every 10 ~ 20 m, which are arranged at a certain angle with the road, such as fishbone on both sides of the road. Rough materials, such as pebbles and gravels, can be used to line drainage ditches in steep sections to reduce runoff speed. 2.4 River regulation to maintain the water ecological balance of rivers should not only create a good habitat and breeding environment for aquatic animals and amphibians, but also help to improve the self-purification ability of rivers; It is necessary to restore the ecological function of natural rivers and meet the needs of human survival and life. Scientific and reasonable garden design of riverside plants can play a certain role. (1) Plant wall design. On the basis of landscape technology, combined with biological, economic, cultural and social effects, a plant wall is designed to help control the river. In the block structure, layered design; Each plant area has its unique function, which can better promote the growth of aquatic plants and achieve the effect of rebuilding the ecological circulation system of rivers and banks. (2) Layered plant selection. The upper part of the wall can be planted with a certain area of high-grade aquatic plants, such as canna, Eclipta prostrata, marigold and so on. In the ecotone between land and water, plants that can absorb phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals in water can be fully utilized, and other aquatic plant communities, including wet plants, emergent plants (such as reeds) and floating plants, can be configured to remove excess nutrients in water. Of course, these plants should also have the characteristics of fast growth, so as to better remove harmful compounds from water and soil and achieve the purpose of improving water quality. Summary: Especially in arid areas, the effect of soil and water conservation can be improved well through scientific landscape technology. Landscape technology not only creates beautiful vegetation and water landscape, but also improves the sustainable utilization space of soil (continued on page 148). Refer to [1] Zhao Ming. A new eco-environmental protection measure: self-embedded vegetation retaining wall comes out [EB//OL]. (2007- 1 1-7)./ Chinese/info/a0000021125. Liu Hailong. Ecological restoration and sustainable landscape design of mining wasteland [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2004(2):323-329. [3] Cai. Study on Ecological Greening of Shrub on Highway Slope [J]. Traffic Environmental Protection, 2002,23 (3): 25-26. [4] Liu Huichao.

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