There are two kinds of understanding of paper revision: broad sense and narrow sense. A broad understanding includes the revision of every link in the writing process; In a narrow sense, it refers to the processing and modification after the draft is completed. Whether in a narrow sense or a broad sense, the content and scope of the revision of the paper generally include: revision of ideas and viewpoints including themes, revision of materials, revision of structure, revision of language, etc. The scope and requirements of each edition will be discussed below.

First, the revision of ideological views.

The main purpose of writing an article is to express one's thoughts and publicize one's ideas. It is impossible to teach others if one's understanding is not profound or even wrong. It may even have a bad influence on people. The argument of the article is the commander in chief of the article. If you have a superficial understanding and a low level of knowledge, it is difficult to sort out the materials and structure of the article. Therefore, to modify the paper, we must first consider whether the theme and viewpoint of the paper are correct, whether the understanding is profound and whether the article is innovative.

First, we should look at the overall situation, based on the whole article, and examine whether the central argument of the article is correct, centralized, distinctive, profound, innovative, consistent with the topic, consistent with some subordinate arguments and central arguments, and whether some formulations are comprehensive and accurate. If you are not sure about the central argument, you can't reveal the most typical and essential thoughts and laws, or there are some mistakes and deviations, you will have to undergo a "major operation" and make major rewriting or even rewriting; If the arguments in the article lag behind the development of the situation and lack new ideas, we need to re-conceive and summarize them, or change the argument angle, further explore and improve them, and write out the scope of revision of the paper.

Two, modify the material, mainly refers to the material cited in the article to increase, abridge or adjust.

Third, modify the structure.

First, whether the level is clear and the thinking is smooth. Generally, we can first look at the thinking and level of the article from the relationship between the headline and the subtitle. If the paper has no subtitle, it must be judged from the content. For example, whether the content of the article conforms to the logical connection of "asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems"; Whether the layout, levels and paragraphs of the full text are organized; Whether the context of the hierarchy is clear and smooth; Whether the arguments in each paragraph are clear and coordinated; The explanation of chaos should be smooth and smooth; Delete the repetition and contradiction, fill in the missing parts, and achieve coherence and fluency in the full text.

Fourth, modify the language and punctuation.

First, use accurate, vivid and concise language as much as possible, resolutely get rid of the problems of improper use of words such as coinage, misuse of parts of speech and confusion of meanings, and resolutely put an end to typos, irregular simplified words and self-made words. Lu Xun said that when he wrote his own articles, he "didn't create adjectives that no one knew except himself" and "it was useless to create words that only he knew and even he didn't understand". Such a serious and meticulous spirit is worth studying seriously.

Fourth, check punctuation and standardize writing. Punctuation is one of the elements of an article and an organic part of it. If used properly, they can accurately express the content. On the contrary, it will affect the expression of the content and even produce ambiguity. Check punctuation, mainly to see whether the usage of punctuation is correct, and adjust the punctuation in the wrong position. When revising, it should be written in strict accordance with the established usage and the prescribed format. In addition, we must correct scribbled words and irregular words when revising, and write neatly and clearly when copying. Also, in the revision, we should check whether the charts, symbols and formulas in the paper conform to the specifications, and seriously correct those that are more complicated and prone to mistakes.

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First, in the process of forming the paper, the author should organize writing according to the content requirements of the collection of essays, arrange according to the format requirements of the paper, and try to make the format standardized and complete. When these problems were discovered in the preliminary examination after the paper was submitted, they had gone through several workflows and passed several customs. It was not only time-consuming and laborious to modify the basic content, but also remained in the primary stage.

Second, if the author can quickly revise the questions raised after the preliminary examination of the article, he should try to complete them in a short time; If you question or modify some substantive contents, you should take them seriously. Generally, this kind of articles are highly technical and have certain influence on the project, but the quality of the articles is not good enough or there is a lack of demonstration direction, which has certain potential.

This kind of article has only two endings: one is that the author corrects it in time; The other is to sink into the sea, give up temporarily, and have no feedback. Therefore, it is suggested that the author should think from different angles, learn to communicate more, combine with practical work, organically link what he wants to express with the feedback in the review process, and then form words through a systematic logical thinking process.

Third, in the process of revising the paper, most authors actively cooperate, but some papers are still unsatisfactory despite repeated revisions. The main reasons are: first, the author is busy with his work and doesn't pay attention to it; Second, I didn't understand the rigor of thesis writing; Third, his writing level is limited, and he is not good at summarizing. Although the author has a theme in mind, it is difficult to form words. In fact, the writing of a thesis requires profound knowledge and accumulation, and creation is not an easy task.

It is suggested that the author must not have the idea that writing a paper is to complete the task. Thesis can not only improve the level of theoretical summary, but also be a good exercise for personal thinking system. Moreover, once the paper is published as a permanent achievement, it is not only the work of the unit, but also the personal work of the author. It has lifelong copyright and can be preserved and passed down for a long time.

It is a great honor that a good paper may be cited by units and readers for a long time after publication. Therefore, in order to make the paper better, it is necessary for the author to strengthen communication with the editorial department on the basis of grasping the writing requirements of the paper and strive to make the article the best.

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