For general engineering majors:
There is only one real physics course, that is, college physics, which is usually completed within one year. It covers a wide range, but it doesn't go deep. It can be said that it is an extension of the basic knowledge of high school, but from another angle, we can no longer analyze the problem with the special vision of high school, because the problem has become more general here. The main mathematical tool is calculus. Advanced mathematics is not equal to calculus, but calculus is the main body. If you only study college physics, you can have a little physical thought as long as the high number is not very bad. After all, the things in college physics are relatively simple, and many things will not be delved into, but only the general concepts are popularized. It is very inappropriate to say that college physics is the calculation upstairs. )
If your major is physics, you will face many courses, mainly several:
Mechanics: it is a classical mechanics among the four major mechanics, and it can also be said to be a mechanical discipline based on Newton's theory. Mechanics covers many things, except the well-known kinematics and dynamics of particles, and the kinematics and dynamics of particle systems. Some new concepts will be touched in the middle, and displacement and vector superposition are common. Pay special attention to the calculus meaning of the physical model, and have a deeper discussion on the reference system. You will know inertial system, non-inertial system, galilean transformation and so on. There is also rigid body mechanics (relatively new), which involves new physical quantities such as angular momentum and moment of inertia. The related theorems of energy and momentum (including the energy and momentum of particles and the rotational momentum and energy of rigid bodies), the description and energy of waves and vibrations, fluid mechanics, and a little material mechanics, such as shearing, stretching and torsion. Finally, some brief introductions about relativity, Lorentz transformation and so on.
Electromagnetic:
Electromagnetism, as its name implies, is a very important subject in general physics, which mainly studies the electromagnetic properties of matter. Coulomb's law and other laws are already familiar to everyone, but here you will see new expressions, which will be expressed by more basic quantities. There will be a more in-depth discussion about the charges. Gauss theorem and other theorems are very important, which can be said to be the basis of the electrical part, and then you will understand that Gauss theorem is not only a physical theorem, but also a mathematical abstraction. Mastering this model will benefit you for life. There are also electrical properties of dielectrics in electricity, and some new concepts will be exposed. In addition, there is the knowledge of circuit, which is relatively simple compared with the course of circuit, mainly Kirchhoff's circuit theorem, which is also the basis of circuit knowledge in the future. The study of magnetism can be compared with electricity, including Biot-Safar theorem and Ampere's loop theorem, and all of them can be compared with Gauss theorem. And magnetism of magnetic medium. There is also the knowledge of electromagnetic induction, which is not much different from that in high school, but the model is much more complete and more universal.
Optics:
Optics may be less studied in high school, and some are generally geometric optics. Compared with physics majors, optics is relatively extensive, including wave optics, geometric optics, optical instruments, polarization of light (much deeper than high school), quantum optics and so on. , throughout the development of optics. Some things are relatively new and have never been heard of before, such as Fresnel half-band and Fermat principle in optical instruments, which need patience to master. The main characteristics of optics are broken knowledge and many formulas, but it is not difficult to understand.
Thermology:
Heat can be said to be the turning point of general physics from macro to micro, but heat in general physics (not thermodynamic statistical physics). Mainly study the thermal phenomenon, not the essence. Many theories and formulas can only explain phenomena, but they are not completely correct in essence. Thermology studies a system (mainly an equilibrium system), a behavior in which a large number of microscopic particles participate. This requires probability statistics as its mathematical tool. The basis of thermodynamics is the equation of state of ideal gas, as well as the first law and second law of thermodynamics, the expression of thermodynamic system, and later important knowledge such as transportation, Maxwell velocity distribution, Clausius inequality and so on. , introduced in each chapter. The difficulty of thermodynamics lies in modeling, because it is unimaginable, with many formulas and broken knowledge. But fortunately, it has little to do with high school knowledge (some of them are also in the front fur part).
Atomic physics (modern physics);
Atomic physics is the beginning of saying goodbye to general physics, because the research object has really changed from macro to micro. Along with the development of physics, you can see many kinds of physical theories that explain the behavior of particles on the atomic scale. There are many cool theories: Bohr's atomic model, Schrodinger equation, De Broglie wave, photoelectric effect, energy level, energy spectrum, nuclear physics and other knowledge close to the frontier theory. Of course, there are some mistakes, but it also laid the foundation for the birth of quantum mechanics. When you study atomic physics, you may have more questions, because some of the theories and experiments mentioned above were put forward during the transition from classical physics to relativity and quantum mechanics, which are very enlightening and can help you find the direction of physics. Among them, the knowledge introduction of quantum mechanics is the key (Yang Edition).
In addition, in your senior year, you will come into contact with electrodynamics, thermodynamics, statistical physics, quantum mechanics, solid state physics and other deep subjects. But if you lay a solid foundation in your freshman and sophomore years, these subjects will not be particularly difficult. The knowledge of these subjects is very simple in engineering college physics, and some of them will not be discovered. )
Because the landlord just went to college, he no longer introduced the courses of senior year.
One more thing, we must learn mathematics well, and advanced mathematics, mathematical physics methods, linear algebra, probability theory and mathematical statistics are also indispensable. Adding some ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, tensor analysis, and integral transformation (in-depth) will take you to the next level.