15 and 16 century Europe is a crucial period for the transformation from feudal society to capitalist society. For a long time, in order to consolidate the feudal ruling order, Europe ruled by theocracy replaced science with theology and freedom with barbarism. Theologians absurdly claim that the universe is full of "angels of all levels and a set of crystal balls". The stationary earth is at the center of these crystal balls. They admire the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy's theory that the earth is the center of the universe, because in the eyes of theologians, the sun revolves around the earth, because God created the sun to illuminate the earth and be kind to mankind. This is an eternal and irrefutable truth.
In order to maintain this absurd theory, the inquisition of the Catholic Church does not hesitate to use horrible violence against all those who dare to raise objections. 1327, Italian astronomer Tseko Dascori was burned alive. His crime is that the earth is spherical and there are people living in another hemisphere, but he was persecuted for violating the teachings of the Bible. February17,6600.
Galileo was Bruno's contemporary. As early as when he was teaching at the University of Padua, he read Copernicus's book On the Hypothesis of Celestial Bodies (aka). In this book, the outstanding Polish astronomer boldly put forward the theory that the sun is the center of the solar system, and the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, that is, the sun-centric theory, which aroused Galileo's great interest from the beginning. But Galileo was a scholar with a very serious scientific attitude. He thinks people always say that the sun goes around the earth. Instead of jumping to conclusions, Galileo decided to use his telescope to prove who was right and who was wrong.
Galileo was already a staunch supporter of Copernicus' theory when his book Star Messenger was published. Through his own observation and research, Galileo gradually realized that Copernicus' theory was correct, while Ptolemy's geocentric theory was wrong, and many of Aristotle's views were untenable. Galileo not only published a paper refuting Aristotle, but also publicly supported Copernicus' theory through letters, and even sent a copy of the letter directly to the Roman church.
However, the Vatican will never let Galileo go. First, they issued a severe warning to Galileo, and then called him to Rome for trial. In February, 2006, the Inquisition announced that Galileo would not be allowed to publicize Copernicus' theory, and he would not be allowed to speak Copernicus' theory as truth, whether in speech or writing. 46660.6866868666 1
Galileo will never forget that Bruno was burned alive by these respectable black-robed guards 16 years ago. If he dares to resist, he will never end up better than Bruno.
Under the threat of the church, Galileo was forced to give up Copernicus. He returned to Florence with great pain and spent many years in silence.
But Galileo did not give up Copernicus' theory in his heart. On the contrary, constant observation and in-depth research made him more convinced that Copernicus' theory was completely correct. Galileo lived an isolated life in a Sydney villa on the outskirts of Florence. His health was not as good as before, and his illness tortured him cruelly, but he persisted in propagating Copernicus' theory. After a long period of brewing, it took almost five years to produce a great book, About Two.
On the surface, Dialogue between Two World Systems is a three-person dialogue, which objectively discusses Ptolemy's geocentric theory and Copernicus' Heliocentrism, and makes an impartial discussion on who is right and who is wrong. However, when this book was finally published in February of 1632, it is not difficult for careful readers to see that this book strongly criticized the wrong theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and scientifically demonstrated it with sufficient arguments and a large number of indisputable facts.
Soon, the church with a more sensitive sense of smell than hunting dogs sniffed out the terrible thoughts contained in this book, and the bold conclusions revealed between the lines made theologians feel great panic. Those academic swindlers who had been dissatisfied with Galileo for a long time immediately colluded with the church and accused Luo Zhi of conspiring to create public opinion for persecuting Galileo.
The irreconcilable struggle between science and theology broke out. 1632 In August, the Roman Inquisition banned the sale of this book, and the Pope appointed a special committee to examine it. Galileo foresaw a catastrophe, and sure enough, in June of 10, he received an official document from the Inquisition asking him to go to Rome for trial.
At this time, Galileo was 69 years old, suffering from illness and inconvenient to move. Many people who care about him plead for him everywhere, but the Pope said angrily, "Unless he is proved unable to move, he will be handcuffed and taken to Rome if necessary!" "
In this way, at the beginning of 1633, Galileo came to Rome with illness. As soon as he arrived in Rome, he lost his freedom and was put in the prison of the Inquisition. No one was allowed to contact him.
Thus began a terrible persecution in human history. In the bloody and horrible court of the Roman Inquisition, truth was rejected by falsehood and science was judged by theocracy. Those hideous church judges threatened Galileo to give up his faith with the stake, or he would be executed.
Galileo, who was old and sick, was desperate. He knows that violence can't destroy the truth. Although he can give up Copernicus, no one can change the order of celestial bodies in the universe.
Under the interrogation and torture of criminal law, Galileo was forced to publicly express his remorse in court, agreed to give up Copernicus theory and sign the verdict.
"In order to punish you for this serious and harmful mistake and sin, to be more cautious, and to set an example and warning for future people," the presiding judge in black robes read out Galileo's verdict in public. "We announced that Galileo's book Dialogue between Two World Systems was banned by public order; Sentenced to temporarily officially put you in prison, according to our opinion, and saved your confession, read seven confession hymns every week for three years ... "