Zhang Xuecheng (1738— 180 1), a native of Huiji, Zhejiang Province, was the most famous historical critic after Liu Zhiji in the Tang Dynasty. Literature, History and Yi Tong is divided into five internal chapters and three external chapters. He advocated that historiography should be practical, opposed to empty talk about righteousness and reason, and opposed to special textual research. He also put forward the view that "the Six Classics are all history" and regarded Confucian classics as ancient historical materials. He also thinks that the "three forces (talent, learning and knowledge)" advocated by Liu Zhiji is incomplete, and he adds "virtue" to the "three forces". "Scholar's morality" refers to "the author's heart", that is, historians should be loyal to objective historical facts, praise and criticize good and evil, and seek justice. Zhang Xuecheng's views and propositions are progressive.