Qiu Shengfu

(Ouyang Xiu in Northern Song Dynasty)

Ouyang Zi was reading a book at night when he suddenly heard a voice from the southwest. He listened in horror and said, "What a surprise!" At first, I dripped with Xiao Sa, and suddenly I jumped up and smashed it. Such as the night terrors of stormy waves and the sudden arrival of wind and rain. As soon as it touches something, it jingles and the gold and iron ring; Another example is a soldier, walking towards the enemy, scurrying with a medal in his hand, not listening to orders, only hearing the voices of people and horses. Yu said to the boy, "What's that noise? You watch. " The boy said, "The stars and the moon are bright, the Ming River is in the sky, and the trees are silent."

Yu Yue said, "Alas! This autumn sound is also. Why did you come? Gai Fuqiu's face is also dim, and the smoke is getting thicker; Its capacity is clear, the sky is high and the sun is shining; Its cold gas hurts the bones and muscles; Its meaning is gloomy, and the mountains and rivers are lonely. Therefore, it is also a sound, sad and urgent, calling for anger. The grass is lush and the wood is lush and pleasant. Grass changes color when brushed, and wood falls off when touched. It destroyed those who were shattered because they were angry and fierce. Criminal officer, then Yin; Like a soldier, it is good for behavior. It means loyalty between heaven and earth, often based on killing. Heaven is to things, and spring gives birth to autumn. Therefore, it is the voice of music and business that dominates the voice of the west, and foreigners are the law of July. Business, injury, old sadness; Easy, kill life, kill it if you have more than enough.

"ah! The vegetation is ruthless, and sometimes it falls. Man is an animal and the spirit of all things. Worry, everything has its shape, if it moves in the middle, it will shake its essence. However, the situation is beyond its power and worrying its wisdom. Eucalyptus is suitable, and stars are black. Why compete for glory with non-stone quality vegetation? Think about who is a thief, why hate autumn sound! "

The boy is right, sleep with his head down. But the smell of insects singing on the four walls seems to help me sigh.

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Short notes

Ouyang Zi: The author calls himself.

Fang: Now.

A look of awe.

Xiao Sa started: At first it was rain in Mao Mao, with Xiao Sa's wind. It's drizzling. Yes, and ... Sa, describe the wind.

Bangpai: the same as "surging", the choppy voice.

Crackling: The sound of metals colliding with each other.

Medal: In ancient times, when marching or attacking the enemy, soldiers were required to hold medals to prevent noise. A chess piece shaped like a bamboo chopstick, held in the mouth and tied at both ends around the neck with a belt.

He Ming: Galaxy.

The appearance of autumn: the spirit and appearance of autumn. Form and emotion refer to the following "its color", "its capacity", "its qi" and "its meaning"

Dull: Dull and colorless.

Smoke: The smoke is very thick. Fei, it looks very prosperous.

Cloud convergence: Clouds are closely clustered. Convergence, convergence, convergence.

Sunshine crystal: the sun is shining. Crystal, bright.

Chestnut: cold.

Biān: a stone needle used in ancient times to treat diseases, which is quoted here as a thorn.

Green tapir: lush green.

Yiqi: This refers to autumn.

Yu Lie: Yu Wei.

Criminal officer: An official in charge of a criminal prison. "Zhou Li" matches official positions with heaven, earth, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and is called six officials. Autumn kills everything, so Scott is Qiu Guan. He is in charge of criminal law and is called a criminal officer.

Sometimes: there is a fixed time limit.

A red face.

Y: black.

Stars: white hair on the temples.

Qiāng thief: mutilation.

This poem was written in the autumn of the fourth year of Injong Jiayou 1059, and Ouyang Xiu was 53 years old. Although he is in a high position, he feels depressed because of the ups and downs of the official sea and the difficulty of political reform. With "Sad Autumn" as the theme, he expressed his anguish and sigh. The article depicts the desolate landscape with scattered vegetation, expresses the sadness about personnel worries, and the sounds and feelings related to autumn, but in the end, "I miss who is a thief and don't hate autumn sounds!" But it means that the curse lies with people. The whole article is fluent in language and full of sounds and feelings, which is worthy of being a masterpiece.

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Mr. Ouyang (Ouyang Xiu claimed to study at night) couldn't help shivering when he heard a voice coming from the southwest. Hearing this, he exclaimed, "Strange!" At first, it sounded like rain, mixed with the rustle of the wind blowing trees, and then it suddenly became surging, like the river waves rising at night, the sudden wind and rain, the clang of objects, the sound of metal collision, and then (carefully) listened, and it seemed to run to attack the enemy's army, without hearing any orders, and the sound of people marching. I said to the boy, "What's that noise? Go out and see. " The boy replied, "The moonlight is bright, the stars are shining, the galaxy is vast, and there is no voice in the air. It came from the Woods. "

I suddenly realized and sighed, "Oh, what a pity! This is the sound of autumn. Why did you come (suddenly)? The scene of autumn is: its color is dim, hazy and dense; Its appearance is bright and fresh, the sky is crisp and the sun is shining; Its climate is cold and bleak, very cold and biting; Its artistic conception is lonely and cold, the stream is silent and Shan Ye is empty. Therefore, its voice is sometimes piercing and eager, and sometimes roaring and passionate. When the autumn wind has not started, the green grass is dense and abundant, and the trees are lush and refreshing. However, once the autumn wind blows through the grass, the grass will change color; If you skim the forest, the trees will lose their leaves. It is used to break branches and leaves, wither flowers and trees, which is the power of a mixed gas (autumn air) that constitutes everything in the world. Autumn is the season for criminal officials to enforce the law, which belongs to yin in season; Autumn is also a symbol of weapons and fighting, which belongs to gold in the five elements. This is often said that heaven and earth are strict, and cold is often the will. Nature wants everything to grow in spring and bear fruit in autumn. Therefore, autumn is the commercial sound in the five tones of music. Shang Sheng is the voice of the West, and Yi is the name of the July melody. Hurt, which means' hurt', makes everything sad when you are old. Yi, which means killing, means that after the prosperous period, the vegetation should decline. "

"alas! Vegetation is a heartless thing, or it will rot and fall apart. Man is an animal and the most spiritual of all things. Endless worries tormented his mind, and numerous trivial troubles exhausted his body. If you trouble yourself, you must shake its spirit. What's more, you often think about things that you can't do by yourself and worry about problems that your wisdom can't solve? Naturally, his ruddy face will become old and haggard, and his black hair (prime of life) will become gray (old). Why do you want to fight for Rong Sheng with a body that is not a stone like a vegetation? (People) should carefully consider who has caused so much harm to themselves, so why bother to resent this autumn sound? "

Extremely unresponsive, bowed their heads and fell asleep. I only heard insects chirping on the four walls, as if echoing my sigh.

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Enjoy 1

This article is written in the first person style. From the beginning, the author described a strange sound of autumn night from static to dynamic, creating a sad atmosphere. "Ouyang Zifang studied at night and heard the voice from the southwest, listening in horror." One autumn evening, the author was absorbed in reading when he heard a strange sound coming from the southwest. The author is surprised at such a sound. Listen carefully. At first, it sounds like rain, like the rustling of the wind, then suddenly like a raging wave, and then suddenly like a storm. When it touches an object, it will make a clank like a collision of gold and iron, and it is like an army moving towards the enemy line, running fast with a medal in its mouth, but it can't hear the call, only the sound of troops marching.

The author vividly describes the state of autumn sound from many aspects and different angles, from small to large and from far to near, with four metaphors of wind, waves, gold, iron and marching. With vivid metaphors, the author vividly writes out the individual characteristics of autumn sound in the author's hearing, and integrates the author's subjective feelings.

Then the author leads out the dialogue with the boy, from imagination to reality, which enhances the realism of art. The author said to the boy, "What's that noise? If you look at it. " The boy replied, "The stars and the moon are bright, the Ming River is in the sky, and the trees are silent." The boy's answer is concise and clear, and the artistic conception is beautiful and implicit. Here, the author's "terror" is in sharp contrast with the boy's indifference, and the author's sadness is in sharp contrast with the boy's innocence. Two different feelings about autumn sound are interesting and meaningful. In the first paragraph, the author points out the theme of the article, that is, autumn sound, through the vivid description of sound in suspense. At the beginning of the article, the context is clear, ups and downs, swaying and colorful, and readers have a sense of being there.

The author then goes back to the source and explores the reasons for the formation of Qiu Ge. "Yu Yue:' Hey, sad! "Why do you come here with the sound of autumn?" Answer: "Gai Fuqiu's appearance is bleak, and the smoke is gathering; Its capacity is clear, the sky is high and the sun is shining; Its qi is bitter and bitter, which makes people bones and muscles; Its meaning is gloomy, and the mountains and rivers are lonely. ..... "Autumn sound is the sound of autumn. The author describes the style of everything and the "temperament" of autumn from four aspects: color, capacity, spirit and meaning. Its color and appearance seem to be in front of us, its chestnut breath seems to penetrate clothes and stab the skin, and its depression seems to have wrapped around the whole body. This autumn air is a kind of cold air, which makes people shudder. As long as it exerts a little strength, it will make the lush green change color and the lush trees wither. In this way, through the description and feelings of autumn sound, the power of "autumn" is described incisively and vividly. Why does "autumn" have such power and make people feel like this?

Then, the author analyzes and discusses the autumn sound from the social and natural aspects. "Qiu Fu, criminal officer also, when it is cloudy; It is like a soldier, using gold; It means loyalty between heaven and earth, often based on killing. Heaven is to things, and spring gives birth to autumn. So in music, too, the voice of business dominates the voice of the west; Yi is the law of July. Business, injury, old sadness; Yi, slaughter, if things are too abundant, kill them. " In ancient times, officials were appointed in the name of heaven, earth and four seasons, such as Tianguan Zhuze, local official Situ, Guan Chun Zongbo, Xiaguan Sima, Qiu Guan Sikou, and Winter Litigation Kong. These are six officials. Scott is in charge of criminal law. Therefore, autumn is the season for ancient criminal officials to execute. Among the four seasons, it is a cold season; It is sunny in spring and summer and cloudy in autumn and winter. From the five elements, autumn belongs to gold. Autumn has always been used to rule soldiers, so autumn has a symbol of war. In this way, autumn, for people, means a feeling of sadness and death. From the perspective of nature, everything in the world grows in spring and bears fruit in autumn, which means that life in nature turns from prosperity to decline, and so do people, so there is a sigh and sorrow for life. Taking music as a metaphor, the ancients associated the five tones (palace, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu) with the four seasons. Autumn belongs to merchants, and the five elements are matched with five directions: east, south, middle, west and north. Autumn dominates the west, and autumn belongs to business, business, injury and sadness. Yi is the melody of July. There are twelve methods for ancient sounds, and Yi is one of them. Connect the music law with the calendar, the twelve laws match December, and foreigners match July. Book of rites? "Moon Order": "Autumn dreams of the moon, the law is in the middle." It also means beheading. Everything from prosperity to decline is a natural law. The author discusses it from two aspects: nature and society. Man is a part of nature and a product of society. Man, nature and society constitute an interrelated organic whole. People experience nature and society from an individual perspective. This reflects China's thought of "the harmony between man and nature".

Then the author still grasped the theme of autumn sound, and expressed his views through the comparison between ruthless vegetation and the most emotional and spiritual people in all things. The author believes that all kinds of worries and efforts will inevitably damage people's body and mind, and their hearts will be stimulated and painful, which will inevitably waste energy, not to mention "thinking beyond their expectations and thinking beyond their expectations"! In this way, Zhu Yan easily gets old and his hair turns white. "Why do you want to win glory with vegetation with non-stone quality?" This is your endless troubles and pains that hurt yourself. Why do you hate the sadness of autumn sounds? This shows that the reason why the author feels sad about Autumn Sound is not the root of Autumn Sound, but mainly caused by the author's worries about the country and his own situation at that time. At that time, the author was highly valued by the imperial court, but he remembered that he had suffered many setbacks in politics, had no talent, could not serve the country, and was depressed. This kind of mood is in harmony with the breath of autumn, and it hurts when you touch something.

No one can understand the deep depression and sadness accumulated by the author for a long time. "The boy is right, sleep with his head down." Only the insects on the wall sigh with me. What a sad scene it is: the autumn wind cries, the autumn sounds sad, the nights are long, the insects are singing, and there is nothing to do but sigh in vain.

In this article, scenery, lyricism, notes, and discussion are integrated into a furnace, which is natural. The author's narrative is concise, well written, pedantic and thoughtful; Composition twists and turns; And the sentence is round and light; Emotional restraint and introverted personality; A harmonious tone; Easy rhythm; Beautiful language, full of rhythm. In this crisp autumn season, you might as well open Ode to Autumn Sound, on the one hand, appreciate the artistic beauty brought by the author's beautiful words, on the other hand, savor the color, beauty, spirit and significance of autumn, and experience nature and life.

Appreciate II

Ode to Autumn Sound was written in the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), and Ouyang Xiu was 53 years old. It is another famous work after The Preface to Drunk Pavilion. It is a model of prose in the Song Dynasty. Parallel prose is combined with prose, elaborate, and phrased.

In the first paragraph of the article, the writer heard the autumn sound while reading at night, and began to describe it. At the beginning of the article, the author painted a vivid picture simply: Ouyang Xiu was reading at night and was stirred by a strange sound. This simple beginning is actually not simple. Reading at night under the lamp is a static picture. It can also be said that the author is in a state of concentration. The appearance of sound breaks the silence by moving, attracts the author's attention and can't help listening. At the same time, it also angered Si Wen. In this way, from decline to rise, in the contrast between dynamic and static, literary potential has been accumulated. With this literary potential, the next article seems to be a spring that gushes out and flows naturally. Next is the author's series of metaphors about autumn sounds, which make the elusive things concrete and sensible. From "first" to "sudden" and then to "touching things", the author wrote the dynamic process of autumn sound from far and near, from small to big, from virtual to night, highlighting the rapid change and fierce momentum of autumn sound. This also answers the author's fear and exclamation of sound.

The second paragraph is the description of autumn sound and the discussion of autumn spirit. First of all, the author summarizes his daily observation, grasps the scenery of smoke, sun, cold, mountains and rivers by using the traditional parallel prose and exaggerated fu, and paints a distinctive picture of autumn from four aspects: color, capacity, gas and meaning. The description of autumn shape is precisely to contrast the "sadness" of autumn sound. Then, there is the autumn discussion. In the sentence "abundant grass", the author compares the vegetation in summer and autumn, and points out that the destruction of vegetation is the result of the powerful air in autumn. On this basis, the discussion is further carried out. By the end of this period, the author absorbed various opinions of predecessors and connected autumn with bureaucracy, yin and yang, five elements and temperament with parallel prose. Even "Shang" is explained by "injury" and "Yi" is explained by "slaughter", which greatly exaggerates, highlights the powerful destructive power of autumn on everything and explains the nature of the rise and fall of everything. This is a philosophical reflection on the formation of the universe, writing the eternal sadness in the autumn sound, paving the way for the following to enter the theme of this article.

The third paragraph is the theme of the full text. The author naturally regrets life and feels sad with mixed feelings. In this passage, on the basis of greatly exaggerating the damage of autumn air to natural plants, the author points out that for people, the damage caused by personnel anxiety is more serious than the damage of autumn air to plants.

The fourth paragraph is the end of the whole article. The author woke up from these meditations and faced the silent night again, only autumn insects and humming, which set off the author's sad mood. The harmony of autumn insects at the end shows the author's feelings and loneliness. The abrupt ending adds a lot of appeal to the article, and readers seem to sigh at the same time in the chirping of autumn insects.

Ouyang Xiu resigned as Yin in Kaifeng in the spring of the fourth year of Jiayou (1059) and concentrated on writing. At this time, Ouyang Xiu, who has been demoted many times in politics, was depressed about the political and social situation, and felt heartless and sentimental about the short and huge life, and was in a depressed period. Ode to Autumn Sound takes the "invisible" autumn sound as the object of description and discussion, expresses the autumn feeling in the form of fu, and tries its best to arrange what can be done, which actually melts the author's deep feelings about the ups and downs of officialdom and the short life.

Autumn is famous for its novel idea of writing autumn. From the theme, sad autumn is the eternal theme of China's classical literature. However, Ouyang Xiu chose a new angle. Although he inherited the tradition of writing autumn to kill depression, it set off the theme that people are more worried about work than autumn, which made the article innovative in conception.

What should be mentioned more is Qiu's contribution to style. Paying attention to the arrangement of parallel couples and the assignment of temperament has declined since the Song Dynasty due to the lack of content and the affectation of form. Ouyang Xiu is well aware of its disadvantages. After the success of his prose innovation, he turned around and opened up a new way for the "Fu" style, that is, the prose culture of Fu, which made the form of Fu vivid. It not only partially retained the formal characteristics of parallel prose, regular poems, parallel prose and parallel sentences, but also showed the lively and flowing tendency of prose, which increased the style of Fu. These characteristics also make Qiu occupy a very important position in the history of prose development.

Another point that must be pointed out is that when appreciating this article, we should take its essence and discard its dross. Should not be influenced by the negative emotions of the ancients. "Mourning for Autumn" is the theme of writers and poets in past dynasties. Because of their sadness about autumn, they expressed their depressed mood. I lamented my unfortunate experience of lack of talent, the ups and downs of my career and the hardships of my life. In terms of conception, Ode to Autumn Sound by Mr. Ouyang, although it sets off the sadness of the world through the sadness of autumn, still inevitably brings strong sadness.

The word "Hehu" at the beginning of the third paragraph of the article vividly expresses the sadness; At the end of this paragraph, the words "What to do" and "Who to miss" reflect the author's sad mood.

Ancient feudal literati were bound by the limitations of the times and the traditional outlook on life and world, and it was inevitable that they were sad because of autumn. We can't criticize the negative emotions of the ancients. I suggest that when we appreciate this well-known article, it is necessary to read "Langtaosha Beidaihe" by President Mao Zedong and "Ode to Autumn" by modern writer Jun Qing.

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Brief introduction of the author

Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), an alcoholic. A famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty,

[Ouyang Xiu]

Ouyang Xiu

Historian. At the age of four, he lost his father, his family was poor and he studied hard. Song Renzong was a scholar in the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), and later served as an imperial edict (the supervisor drafted letters for the emperor). Shangshu was demoted as the prefect of Chuzhou, because he was ostracized by famous ministers such as Du Yan, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and Fu Bi, and was ostracized from the DPRK. Later, I learned about Yangzhou and Yingzhou, and then I went back to the court to be a bachelor of Hanlin and a history museum. In his later years, he served as deputy envoy and senior official (deputy prime minister) of the government Council. After his death, he was posthumously awarded Prince Taishi and Shi Wenzhong.

Ouyang Xiu inherited the spirit of Han Yu's "writing carries Tao" in the Tang Dynasty and carried forward the tradition of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He was recognized as a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty and made great achievements in prose, poetry and historical biography. Together with Song Qi, he compiled the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties, especially his prose, which had the greatest influence on later generations and was one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".

Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. His literary achievements are the highest and most influential in his prose. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement and put forward Ming Dow's prose theory. Taking the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, he strongly advocated simple and accurate writing, smooth and natural, and opposed frivolous carving and obscure quirks. He wrote more than 500 essays in his life, including political essays, historical essays, notes, lyric essays and notes, each with its own characteristics. Most of his essays are rich in content and magnificent, with a simple, natural, fluent and witty artistic style.

Ouyang Xiu's poetry creation achievement is not as good as prose, but it is also very distinctive. Many of his poems reflect people's sufferings and expose the darkness of society. He also discusses current affairs in his poems and attacks corrupt politics. But he wrote more and more successful poems to express his personal feelings and scenery. Ouyang Xiu was also one of the famous poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are more than 200 European words, most of which are about love. Different from his solemn Confucian face in prose and poetry, his writing is affectionate and romantic. Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in poetry theory. In Preface to Mei Poetry, he put forward the argument that "poetry is poor before writing", which revealed the close relationship between life and creation, and was of universal significance in literary theory. His Poem on June 1st discusses poetry in the form of essays, which is the first of its kind.

He lived through four dynasties: Song Zhenzong, Song Renzong, Song Yingzong and Song Shenzong. He not only personally participated in many important political activities, but also boldly explored and innovated. He dabbled extensively in literature, history, Confucian classics, literary criticism, epigraphy, bibliography and other fields, and made great achievements in many disciplines, showing various knowledge and talents. In particular, his outstanding contribution to the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty established his epoch-making, pioneering and leading position in a generation of literary circles.

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Writing background

This article was written by the author at the age of 53. Although the author was in a high position in his later years, he was repeatedly relegated in retrospect. Facing the filth and darkness inside and outside the imperial court, he couldn't help feeling depressed when he saw that the country was weak and there was no hope for reform. The author's depression about the political and social situation, his ruthlessness and sentimentality about the brevity and maximization of life made him in a depressed period at this time. Therefore, he is particularly sensitive to the seasonal sense of autumn, and Ode to Autumn Sound is produced under this background.

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gist of the article

This article was written by the author in his later years. Although his official career has always been smooth, the long-term political struggle has also made him see the complexity of the world and gradually forget the fame and fortune. This paper warns the world by giving autumn sounds: there is no need to mourn and hate autumn, but to reflect on yourself. This idea expresses the author's repressed emotions and his desire to be detached from himself.

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design feature

This essay takes the contrast between Autumn with Sound and Autumn without Sound as the basic structural framework, which is carefully laid out, and the literary trend runs through it with twists and turns. The author starts with the sad autumn sound to prepare for the later writing "Autumn with Sound"; Then the vegetation was destroyed by autumn, and it was written that people were physically and mentally disabled because of personnel worries and labor, which was a "silent autumn" from nature to social life; Finally, it comes down to the whole theme: "I miss a thief, why hate autumn sounds!"

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Classical Chinese knowledge collation

First, interchangeable characters

1, suddenly rushing and smashing ("slamming" through "surging", the appearance of rough waves. )

2, there is movement in the middle ("middle" through "enthusiasm", heart. )

Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times

1, such as soldiers who defected to the enemy (Bing Gu: Today's Army: Soldiers)

2. Heaven is to things, and spring is born in autumn (ancient days: nature today: heaven)

3. Gold and iron are all famous (gold and iron bones: today's weapons: metal names)

Third, the word is polysemy.

1, both.

Things are old and sad (later, ...)

The general is the palace of the emperor.

Self-criticism, ask the reason (that is, ... later).

All the dishes have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess (all, all)

2. golden

The sound of gold and iron (metal, extending to weapons)

Using gold in banks (one of the five elements)

Ten gold, please (after the Han Dynasty, one or two pieces of silver is one gold)

3. and

And the situation is beyond its ability (arrival)

Its sage is inferior to Confucius.

One person is soaring, fairy and chicken and dog (involved, implicated)

Wang Huai sighed with emotion, it is better to chase Yi Cheung (catch up, catch up)

Fourth, the flexible use of parts of speech

1, Ouyang Zifang reads books in the evening (evening, noun adverbial, evening)

2. Spring gives birth to autumn fruit (real, nouns are verbs, and the result is real)

3, four no one (four, numerals as nouns, everywhere)

4, such as the waves at night (night, noun adverbial, at night)