Paper Keywords: vocational guidance, entrepreneurship education for secondary vocational students
Doing a good job in vocational guidance is the key to the future development of secondary vocational schools, and it is also the key to whether students can find jobs suitable for their own development. It plays an important role in promoting the connection between schools and society, strengthening the school-running mechanism, optimizing the specialty setting and rationally adjusting the personnel training objectives.
Facing the more and more pragmatic employment demand of enterprises, the existing employment psychology and ability level of secondary vocational school students, especially the severe employment situation, how to do a good job of employment guidance is a key link related to the future development of secondary vocational schools and whether the students can find jobs suitable for their own development, which plays an extremely important role in promoting the docking between schools and society, strengthening the school-running mechanism, optimizing the professional setting, and rationally standardizing the objectives and specifications of talent training.
Under the general trend of the transformation from vocational education to employment education, we have accepted the national education science? Fifteen? Planning key projects of the Ministry of Education? Research and experiment on vocational guidance and entrepreneurship education? During the experiment, as the project director, I personally organized and participated in the whole process of research and experiment, and summarized some methods and ways of exploring career guidance and entrepreneurship education in our school in order to communicate with my colleagues.
First, integrate the curriculum system.
Since the research on career guidance was carried out, our school has integrated curriculum resources, set up career guidance and entrepreneurship courses with entrepreneurship education as the main line, and divided 32 classes from the moral education courses in the teaching plan as career guidance courses to provide students with professional ethics education, career choice, employment and entrepreneurship guidance.
A survey by China Youth Daily shows that freshmen have four major problems: goal orientation, interpersonal communication, learning problems and employment pressure. Obviously, employment has become an important part of freshmen's thinking. Therefore, we arrange career guidance courses from the first year of our freshman year to realize the whole teaching process and full staff, facing all students and running through the whole high school study period. According to different stages, the contents of employment guidance have different emphases, such as helping students to establish employment concept, enhancing employment awareness, strengthening competition awareness, cultivating entrepreneurial spirit, carrying out career planning, cultivating professional ability and professionalism, further clarifying learning objectives, strengthening learning initiative and strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability. The third grade focuses on the study of employment policy, the analysis of employment situation, the collection of employment information, job preparation, job selection skills, self-employment and psychological adjustment. The vocational guidance course will be changed from temporary and seasonal to stable and routine, with continuity and pertinence. Will it be sporadic, scattered, lecture-like, and mobilized? Guidance? Settle down as a course.
At the same time, give full play? Two classes? The role of professional courses, humanities education and graduation education in students' employment guidance, and the relevant contents of employment guidance are integrated into other teaching activities to build a complete curriculum system of school employment guidance. According to the characteristics of employment guidance courses, the system should include not only classroom teaching, but also special lectures, employment consultation, successful alumni reports and other forms.
Second, improve teaching documents.
As a course, the construction of teaching materials is very important. However, due to the particularity of employment guidance courses, it is difficult to have a comprehensive, long-term, stable and applicable teaching material. Therefore, the selection of teaching materials and the compilation of handouts are very important. Teachers should systematically and orderly determine the teaching content through literature study, data collection, extensive reading and extensive consulting, compile applicable course syllabus, standardized handouts or study guides, complete teaching plans and detailed teaching plans, and formulate vivid, intuitive, practical and detailed teaching plans. The establishment of information base and case base lays the foundation and creates conditions for the continuous updating of teaching content, and at the same time, establishes effective evaluation mechanism and evaluation method.
Third, improve teaching methods.
Employment guidance course is a practical, practical and participatory course. Therefore, teachers should not only have extensive theoretical knowledge, but also have rich information and practical experience, otherwise, teachers' teaching will only stay in oral preaching and on paper, and the ideal effect will not be achieved. Under the premise of following the curriculum system and classroom teaching rules, introducing methods such as data analysis, visit and discussion, case guidance, scenario simulation and simulated job fairs to carry out teaching in a novel and flexible way can effectively stimulate students' learning enthusiasm, initiative and participation, and improve teaching effect.
Fourthly, compiling school-based teaching materials.
The employment of graduates is not only related to the vital interests of students, but also related to the future survival and sustainable development of the school. With the deepening of China's economic reform, there are more and more college graduates, and employers have higher and higher requirements for graduates' academic level and ability. The graduates of secondary vocational schools have relatively low academic level, narrow knowledge and single professional skills. Most graduates and their parents regard a good working environment, more money and less labor intensity as the first criteria for choosing a job. Therefore, the employment of vocational secondary school students is becoming more and more difficult. In this case, it is particularly important to strengthen students' employment guidance.
Based on many years' work experience and research on vocational guidance and entrepreneurship education, and combined with the reality of various majors in our school, I compiled the School-based Textbook for Vocational Guidance. Its purpose is to help students analyze the supply and demand situation and development trend of the labor market, so that students can understand the relevant employment policies; Guide students to establish a rational sense of occupation, form an objective view of occupation, and do a good job in their own positioning; Introduce students to the requirements and working conditions of relevant occupations and posts, and guide students to choose their jobs correctly; Cultivate students' methods and skills in job hunting and enhance their competitiveness in job hunting; Measure and evaluate students' professional ability and psychological quality, help students correctly judge their own abilities, hobbies and specialties, and choose a career reasonably according to their own reality. Good results have been achieved in the application experiment.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) strengthens social practice.
Experiential education is a kind of educational method that fits the characteristics of vocational school students very well. It pays attention to practice and cultivates students' practical ability, such as vocational school students' internship in enterprises, training and on-the-job internship, which are all concrete manifestations of experiential education. In the experimental process of this study, the research group opened the classroom, strengthened students' social practice and carried out experiential education in the experimental class. Specific methods: organize students to investigate the talent market and the labor and employment market, and sell themselves or experience it personally. For example, students majoring in tourism go to the local labor market in Benxi to experience the taste of job hunting, and let them use the skills they usually learn to see if it works. As a result, students reacted differently when they came back, but there was one thing: they learned much more from personal experience than from textbooks. Arrange students to practice in enterprises and training units on a regular basis, such as hotel and tourism students, majoring in rooms, restaurants, drinks, tour guide services, tourism geography, etc. On the one hand, the school contacted Yong 'an Hotel, Datang Hotel and other units to let them practice there for a week to improve their service level and skills; On the other hand, we also contact major travel agencies to let students go to tourist attractions such as Benxi Water Cave and Huanren Wunv Mountain regularly to improve their tour guide skills and knowledge. Collect employment information extensively and contact employment units in multiple directions and channels. The ultimate goal of training students in vocational schools is to push students to the society and accept the test of society, so employment has become the most important level, and the purpose of many parents sending their children to vocational schools is also here. Therefore, teachers in our employment office travel all over the country and contact employers for our students in various ways. Organize a meeting between supply and demand every year, and do a good job in the employment of experimental class graduates. The annual employment rate is over 96%.
After several years of research and experiments, all members of our research group have made painstaking efforts and unremitting efforts in exploring ways and methods of vocational guidance and entrepreneurship education. No pains, no gains? It is believed that Benxi Business Service School, which has been baptized by vocational guidance and entrepreneurship education, will be more prosperous under the tide of vocational education transformation and cultivate more entrepreneurs for the country and society.
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